diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 378eac2..5acb669 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 build
+.vscode
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index d2b9d19..51067f2 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ foreach(obj IN LISTS AdaptorLib)
 endforeach()
 
 add_subdirectory(src)
-# add_subdirectory(docs)
-# add_subdirectory(plugin)
+add_subdirectory(plugin)
 
+# add_subdirectory(docs)
 include(CTest)
 
 if(BUILD_TESTING)
diff --git a/api/dbus/org.desktopspec.ApplicationManager1.Application.xml b/api/dbus/org.desktopspec.ApplicationManager1.Application.xml
index e516d7f..9298ca7 100644
--- a/api/dbus/org.desktopspec.ApplicationManager1.Application.xml
+++ b/api/dbus/org.desktopspec.ApplicationManager1.Application.xml
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
     <interface name="org.desktopspec.ApplicationManager1.Application">
         <annotation
                 name="org.freedesktop.DBus.Description"
-                value="This interface is designed to
-                       provide a dbus interface of desktop file.
-                       Missing fields will be added later."
+                value="This interface is designed to provide a dbus interface of desktop file. Missing fields will be added later."
         />
 
         <property name="Actions" type="as" access="read">
diff --git a/api/dbus/org.desktopspec.ApplicationManager1.xml b/api/dbus/org.desktopspec.ApplicationManager1.xml
index e0e26e5..e3fd60b 100644
--- a/api/dbus/org.desktopspec.ApplicationManager1.xml
+++ b/api/dbus/org.desktopspec.ApplicationManager1.xml
@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@
 <node>
     <interface name="org.desktopspec.ApplicationManager1">
         <property type="ao" access="read" name="List" />
+        <method name="UpdateApplicationInfo">
+            <arg type="as" name="update_path" direction="in" />
+            <annotation
+                name="org.freedesktop.DBus.Description"
+                value="This method is used to update the desktop file cache when needed.
+                       You can pass a list of absolute paths to files or directories that you want to update.
+                       Note: Application Manager only supports directory paths in $XDG_DATA_DIRS."
+            />
+        </method>
 
         <method name="Application">
             <arg type="s" name="id" direction="in" />
diff --git a/plugin/CMakeLists.txt b/plugin/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4067e52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugin/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+add_subdirectory(appLauncher)
diff --git a/plugin/appLauncher/CMakeLists.txt b/plugin/appLauncher/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd33540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugin/appLauncher/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+
+set(APP_LAUNCHER_BIN_NAME am-launcher)
+
+find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)
+pkg_check_modules(SYSTEMD REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET libsystemd)
+
+add_executable(${APP_LAUNCHER_BIN_NAME} launcher.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(${APP_LAUNCHER_BIN_NAME} PRIVATE
+    PkgConfig::SYSTEMD
+)
+
+install(TARGETS ${APP_LAUNCHER_BIN_NAME} DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBEXECDIR}/deepin/application-manager/)
diff --git a/plugin/appLauncher/launcher.cpp b/plugin/appLauncher/launcher.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2cbe59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugin/appLauncher/launcher.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 UnionTech Software Technology Co., Ltd.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include <systemd/sd-bus.h>
+#include <systemd/sd-journal.h>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <map>
+#include <thread>
+
+enum class ExitCode { SystemdError = -3, InvalidInput = -2, InternalError = -1, Done = 0, Waiting = 1 };
+
+struct JobRemoveResult
+{
+    std::string_view id;
+    int removedFlag{0};
+    ExitCode result{ExitCode::Waiting};
+};
+
+constexpr static auto SystemdService = "org.freedesktop.systemd1";
+constexpr static auto SystemdObjectPath = "/org/freedesktop/systemd1";
+constexpr static auto SystemdInterfaceName = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager";
+
+using msg_ptr = sd_bus_message *;
+using bus_ptr = sd_bus *;
+
+static ExitCode fromString(const std::string &str)
+{
+    if (str == "done") {
+        return ExitCode::Done;
+    } else if (str == "canceled" or str == "timeout" or str == "failed" or str == "dependency" or str == "skipped") {
+        return ExitCode::SystemdError;
+    } else if (str == "internalError") {
+        return ExitCode::InternalError;
+    } else if (str == "invalidInput") {
+        return ExitCode::InvalidInput;
+    }
+    __builtin_unreachable();
+}
+
+static ExitCode fromString(const char *str)
+{
+    if (!str) {
+        return ExitCode::Waiting;
+    }
+    std::string tmp{str};
+    return fromString(tmp);
+}
+
+[[noreturn]] static void releaseRes(sd_bus_error &error, msg_ptr &msg, bus_ptr &bus, ExitCode ret)
+{
+    sd_bus_error_free(&error);
+    sd_bus_message_unref(msg);
+    sd_bus_unref(bus);
+
+    std::exit(static_cast<int>(ret));
+}
+
+static int processExecStart(msg_ptr &msg, const std::vector<std::string_view> &execArgs)
+{
+    int ret;
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_append(msg, "s", "ExecStart"); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("append ExecStart failed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_open_container(msg, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "a(sasb)"); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("open variant of execStart failed.");
+        if (auto tmp = sd_bus_message_close_container(msg))
+            return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_open_container(msg, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sasb)"); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("open array of execStart failed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_open_container(msg, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, "sasb"); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("open struct of execStart failed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_append(msg, "s", execArgs[0].data()); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("append binary of execStart failed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_open_container(msg, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s"); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("open array of execStart variant failed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < execArgs.size(); ++i) {
+        if (ret = sd_bus_message_append(msg, "s", execArgs[i].data()); ret < 0) {
+            sd_journal_perror("append args of execStart failed.");
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_close_container(msg); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("close array of execStart failed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_append(msg, "b", 0);
+        ret < 0) {  // this value indicate that systemd should be considered a failure if the process exits uncleanly
+        sd_journal_perror("append boolean of execStart failed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_close_container(msg); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("close struct of execStart failed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_close_container(msg); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("close array of execStart failed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_close_container(msg); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("close variant of execStart failed.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int processKVPair(msg_ptr &msg, const std::map<std::string_view, std::string_view> &props)
+{
+    int ret;
+    if (!props.empty()) {
+        for (auto [key, value] : props) {
+            // NOTE: append if necessary
+            // usage:
+            // sd_bus_message_append(msg,"s",key.data());
+            // sd_bus_message_open_container(msg,SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT,"[corresponding type]");
+            // append content....
+            // sd_bus_message_close_container(msg);
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static std::string cmdParse(msg_ptr &msg, const std::vector<std::string_view> cmdLines)
+{
+    std::string serviceName{"internalError"};
+    std::map<std::string_view, std::string_view> props;
+    for (auto str : cmdLines) {  // avoid stl exception
+        if (str.size() < 2) {
+            sd_journal_print(LOG_WARNING, "invalid option %s.", str.data());
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (str.substr(0, 2) != "--") {
+            sd_journal_print(LOG_INFO, "unknown option %s.", str.data());
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        auto kvStr = str.substr(2);
+        if (!kvStr.empty()) [[likely]] {
+            auto it = kvStr.cbegin();
+            if (it = std::find(it, kvStr.cend(), '='); it == kvStr.cend()) {
+                sd_journal_print(LOG_WARNING, "invalid k-v pair: %s", kvStr.data());
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto splitIndex = std::distance(kvStr.cbegin(), it);
+            if (++it == kvStr.cend()) {
+                sd_journal_print(LOG_WARNING, "invalid k-v pair: %s", kvStr.data());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            auto key = kvStr.substr(0, splitIndex);
+            if (key == "Type") {  // type must be exec
+                continue;
+            }
+            props[key] = kvStr.substr(splitIndex + 1);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Processing of the binary file and its parameters that am want to launch
+        auto it = std::find(cmdLines.cbegin(), cmdLines.cend(), str);
+        std::vector execArgs(++it, cmdLines.cend());
+        if (execArgs.empty()) {
+            sd_journal_print(LOG_ERR, "param exec is empty.");
+            serviceName = "invalidInput";
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+        int ret;
+        if (props.find("unitName") == props.cend()) {
+            sd_journal_perror("unitName doesn't exists.");
+            serviceName = "invalidInput";
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+        if (ret = sd_bus_message_append(msg, "s", props["unitName"].data()); ret < 0) {  // unitName
+            sd_journal_perror("append unitName failed.");
+            return serviceName;
+        } else {
+            serviceName = props["unitName"];
+            props.erase("unitName");
+        }
+
+        if (ret = sd_bus_message_append(msg, "s", "replace"); ret < 0) {  // start mode
+            sd_journal_perror("append startMode failed.");
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+
+        // process properties: a(sv)
+        if (ret = sd_bus_message_open_container(msg, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sv)"); ret < 0) {
+            sd_journal_perror("open array failed.");
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+
+        if (ret = sd_bus_message_append(msg, "(sv)", "Type", "s", "exec"); ret < 0) {
+            sd_journal_perror("append type failed.");
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+
+        if (ret = sd_bus_message_open_container(msg, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, "sv"); ret < 0) {
+            sd_journal_perror("open struct failed.");
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+
+        if (ret = processKVPair(msg, props); ret < 0) {  // process props
+            serviceName = "invalidInput";
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+
+        if (ret = processExecStart(msg, execArgs); ret < 0) {
+            serviceName = "invalidInput";
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+
+        if (ret = sd_bus_message_close_container(msg); ret < 0) {
+            sd_journal_perror("close struct failed.");
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+        if (ret = sd_bus_message_close_container(msg); ret < 0) {
+            sd_journal_perror("close array failed.");
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+
+        // append aux, it's unused for now
+        if (ret = sd_bus_message_append(msg, "a(sa(sv))", 0); ret < 0) {
+            sd_journal_perror("append aux failed.");
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+
+        break;
+    }
+    return serviceName;
+}
+
+int jobRemovedReceiver(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *ret_error)
+{
+    int ret;
+    if (ret = sd_bus_error_is_set(ret_error); ret != 0) {
+        sd_journal_print(LOG_ERR, "JobRemoved error: [%s,%s]", ret_error->name, ret_error->message);
+    } else {
+        const char *serviceId{nullptr}, *jobResult{nullptr};
+        if (ret = sd_bus_message_read(m, "uoss", nullptr, nullptr, &serviceId, &jobResult); ret < 0) {
+            sd_journal_perror("read from JobRemoved failed.");
+        } else {
+            auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<JobRemoveResult *>(userdata);
+            if (ptr->id == serviceId) {
+                ptr->removedFlag = 1;
+                ptr->result = fromString(jobResult);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ret_error and ret_error->_need_free) {
+        sd_bus_error_free(ret_error);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int process_dbus_message(sd_bus *bus)
+{
+    int ret;
+    ret = sd_bus_process(bus, nullptr);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_print(LOG_ERR, "event loop error.");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (ret > 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    ret = sd_bus_wait(bus, std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max());
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_print(LOG_ERR, "sd-bus event loop error:%s", strerror(-ret));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+{
+    sd_bus_error error{SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL};
+    sd_bus_message *msg{nullptr};
+    sd_bus *bus{nullptr};
+    std::string serviceId;
+    int ret;
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_open_user(&bus); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("Failed to connect to user bus.");
+        releaseRes(error, msg, bus, ExitCode::InternalError);
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+            bus, &msg, SystemdService, SystemdObjectPath, SystemdInterfaceName, "StartTransientUnit");
+        ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("Failed to create D-Bus call message");
+        releaseRes(error, msg, bus, ExitCode::InternalError);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string_view> args;
+    for (std::size_t i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+        args.emplace_back(argv[i]);
+    }
+
+    serviceId = cmdParse(msg, args);
+    if (serviceId == "internalError") {
+        releaseRes(error, msg, bus, ExitCode::InternalError);
+    } else if (serviceId == "invalidInput") {
+        releaseRes(error, msg, bus, ExitCode::InvalidInput);
+    }
+
+    const char *path{nullptr};
+    JobRemoveResult resultData{serviceId};
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_match_signal(
+            bus, nullptr, SystemdService, SystemdObjectPath, SystemdInterfaceName, "JobRemoved", jobRemovedReceiver, &resultData);
+        ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("add signal matcher failed.");
+        releaseRes(error, msg, bus, ExitCode::InternalError);
+    }
+
+    sd_bus_message *reply{nullptr};
+    if (ret = sd_bus_call(bus, msg, 0, &error, &reply); ret < 0) {
+        sd_bus_error_get_errno(&error);
+        sd_journal_print(LOG_ERR, "launch failed: [%s,%s]", error.name, error.message);
+        releaseRes(error, msg, bus, ExitCode::InternalError);
+    }
+
+    if (ret = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &path); ret < 0) {
+        sd_journal_perror("failed to parse response message.");
+        sd_bus_message_unref(reply);
+        releaseRes(error, msg, bus, ExitCode::InternalError);
+    }
+
+    sd_bus_message_unref(reply);
+
+    while (true) {  // wait for jobRemoved
+        int ret = process_dbus_message(bus);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            releaseRes(error, msg, bus, ExitCode::InternalError);
+        }
+
+        if (resultData.removedFlag) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    releaseRes(error, msg, bus, resultData.result);
+}
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 6dae734..a12f538 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -19,8 +19,13 @@ target_link_libraries(${LIB_NAME} PUBLIC
 )
 
 add_executable(${BIN_NAME} main.cpp utils.cpp)
+
 target_link_libraries(${BIN_NAME} PRIVATE
     ${LIB_NAME}
 )
 
+target_include_directories(${BIN_NAME} PRIVATE
+    ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}
+)
+
 install(TARGETS ${BIN_NAME} DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
diff --git a/src/cgroupsidentifier.cpp b/src/cgroupsidentifier.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c860a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cgroupsidentifier.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 UnionTech Software Technology Co., Ltd.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include "cgroupsidentifier.h"
+#include "global.h"
+#include <QFile>
+#include <QString>
+#include <QDebug>
+
+IdentifyRet CGroupsIdentifier::Identify(pid_t pid)
+{
+    auto AppCgroupPath = QString("/proc/%1/cgroup").arg(pid);
+    QFile AppCgroupFile{AppCgroupPath};
+    if (!AppCgroupFile.open(QFile::ExistingOnly | QFile::ReadOnly | QFile::Text)) {
+        qWarning() << "open " << AppCgroupPath << "failed: " << AppCgroupFile.errorString();
+        return {};
+    }
+    auto appInstance = parseCGroupsPath(
+        AppCgroupFile.readAll().split(':').last().trimmed());  // FIXME: support CGroup version detection and multi-line parsing
+    auto appInstanceComponent = appInstance.split('@');
+    if (appInstanceComponent.count() != 2) {
+        qWarning() << "Application Instance format is invalid." << appInstanceComponent;
+        return {};
+    }
+    return {appInstanceComponent.first(), appInstanceComponent.last()};
+}
+
+QString CGroupsIdentifier::parseCGroupsPath(QString CGP) const noexcept
+{
+    if (CGP.isEmpty()) {
+        qWarning() << "CGroupPath is empty.";
+        return {};
+    }
+    auto unescapedCGP = unescapeString(CGP);
+    auto CGPSlices = unescapedCGP.split('/');
+    auto curUID = getCurrentUID();
+
+    if (CGPSlices.first() != "user.slice") {
+        qWarning() << "unrecognized process.";
+        return {};
+    }
+    auto processUIDStr = CGPSlices[1].split('.').first().split('-').last();
+
+    if (processUIDStr.isEmpty()) {
+        qWarning() << "no uid found.";
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    if (auto processUID = processUIDStr.toInt(); processUID != getCurrentUID()) {
+        qWarning() << "process is not in CGroups of current user, ignore....";
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    auto appInstance = CGPSlices.last().split('.').first();
+    if (appInstance.isEmpty()) {
+        qWarning() << "get AppId failed.";
+        return {};
+    }
+    return appInstance;
+}
diff --git a/src/dbus/applicationmanager1service.cpp b/src/dbus/applicationmanager1service.cpp
index f9f95fd..7068a9c 100644
--- a/src/dbus/applicationmanager1service.cpp
+++ b/src/dbus/applicationmanager1service.cpp
@@ -2,12 +2,27 @@
 //
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 #include "applicationmanager1service.h"
-#include "applicationadaptor.h"
-#include "global.h"
+#include "applicationmanager1adaptor.h"
+#include <QFile>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 ApplicationManager1Service::~ApplicationManager1Service() = default;
 
-ApplicationManager1Service::ApplicationManager1Service() = default;
+ApplicationManager1Service::ApplicationManager1Service(std::unique_ptr<Identifier> ptr, QDBusConnection &connection)
+    : m_identifier(std::move(ptr))
+{
+    if (!connection.registerService(DDEApplicationManager1ServiceName)) {
+        qFatal() << connection.lastError();
+    }
+
+    if (!registerObjectToDBus(new ApplicationManager1Adaptor{this},
+                              DDEApplicationManager1ObjectPath,
+                              getDBusInterface<ApplicationManager1Adaptor>())) {
+        std::terminate();
+    }
+
+    m_jobManager.reset(new JobManager1Service(this));
+}
 
 QList<QDBusObjectPath> ApplicationManager1Service::list() const
 {
@@ -24,9 +39,18 @@ void ApplicationManager1Service::removeAllApplication()
     m_applicationList.clear();
 }
 
-QDBusObjectPath ApplicationManager1Service::Application(const QString &id)
+QDBusObjectPath ApplicationManager1Service::Application(const QString &id) const
 {
-    // TODO: impl
+    auto ret = std::find_if(m_applicationList.cbegin(), m_applicationList.cend(), [&id](const auto &app) {
+        if (app->id() == id) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    });
+
+    if (ret != m_applicationList.cend()) {
+        return ret.key();
+    }
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -34,8 +58,52 @@ QString ApplicationManager1Service::Identify(const QDBusUnixFileDescriptor &pidf
                                              QDBusObjectPath &application,
                                              QDBusObjectPath &application_instance)
 {
-    // TODO: impl
-    return {};
+    if (!pidfd.isValid()) {
+        qWarning() << "pidfd isn't a valid unix file descriptor";
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    Q_ASSERT_X(static_cast<bool>(m_identifier), "Identify", "Broken Identifier.");
+
+    QString fdFilePath = QString{"/proc/self/fdinfo/%1"}.arg(pidfd.fileDescriptor());
+    QFile fdFile{fdFilePath};
+    if (!fdFile.open(QFile::ExistingOnly | QFile::ReadOnly | QFile::Text)) {
+        qWarning() << "open " << fdFilePath << "failed: " << fdFile.errorString();
+        return {};
+    }
+    auto content = fdFile.readAll();
+    QTextStream stream{content};
+    QString appPid;
+    while (!stream.atEnd()) {
+        auto line = stream.readLine();
+        if (line.startsWith("Pid")) {
+            appPid = line.split(":").last().trimmed();
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (appPid.isEmpty()) {
+        qWarning() << "can't find pid which corresponding with the instance of this application.";
+        return {};
+    }
+    bool ok;
+    auto pid = appPid.toUInt(&ok);
+    if (!ok) {
+        qWarning() << "AppId is failed to convert to uint.";
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    const auto ret = m_identifier->Identify(pid);
+
+    auto app = std::find_if(m_applicationList.cbegin(), m_applicationList.cend(), [&ret](const auto &appPtr) {
+        return appPtr->id() == ret.ApplicationId;
+    });
+    if (app == m_applicationList.cend()) {
+        qWarning() << "can't find application:" << ret.ApplicationId;
+        return {};
+    }
+    application = m_applicationList.key(*app);
+    application_instance = (*app)->findInstance(ret.InstanceId);
+    return ret.ApplicationId;
 }
 
 QDBusObjectPath ApplicationManager1Service::Launch(const QString &id,
@@ -43,18 +111,13 @@ QDBusObjectPath ApplicationManager1Service::Launch(const QString &id,
                                                    const QStringList &fields,
                                                    const QVariantMap &options)
 {
-    // TODO: impl reset of Launch
-    QString objectPath;
-    if (id.contains('.')) {
-        objectPath = id.split('.').first();
+    auto app = Application(id);
+    if (app.path().isEmpty()) {
+        qWarning() << "No such application.";
+        return {};
     }
-    objectPath.prepend(DDEApplicationManager1ApplicationObjectPath);
-    QSharedPointer<ApplicationService> app{new ApplicationService{id}};
-    auto *ptr = app.data();
-    if (registerObjectToDbus(new ApplicationAdaptor(ptr), objectPath, getDBusInterface<ApplicationAdaptor>())) {
-        QDBusObjectPath path{objectPath};
-        m_applicationList.insert(path, app);
-        return path;
-    }
-    return {};
+    const auto &value = m_applicationList.value(app);
+    return value->Launch(actions, fields, options);
 }
+
+void ApplicationManager1Service::UpdateApplicationInfo(const QStringList &update_path) {}
diff --git a/src/dbus/applicationmanager1service.h b/src/dbus/applicationmanager1service.h
index c6b6b01..243b28c 100644
--- a/src/dbus/applicationmanager1service.h
+++ b/src/dbus/applicationmanager1service.h
@@ -9,14 +9,19 @@
 #include <QDBusObjectPath>
 #include <QDBusUnixFileDescriptor>
 #include <QSharedPointer>
+#include <QScopedPointer>
+#include <memory>
 #include <QMap>
+#include "jobmanager1service.h"
 #include "applicationservice.h"
+#include "applicationadaptor.h"
+#include "identifier.h"
 
 class ApplicationManager1Service final : public QObject
 {
     Q_OBJECT
 public:
-    ApplicationManager1Service();
+    explicit ApplicationManager1Service(std::unique_ptr<Identifier> ptr, QDBusConnection &connection);
     ~ApplicationManager1Service() override;
     ApplicationManager1Service(const ApplicationManager1Service &) = delete;
     ApplicationManager1Service(ApplicationManager1Service &&) = delete;
@@ -25,16 +30,35 @@ public:
 
     Q_PROPERTY(QList<QDBusObjectPath> List READ list)
     QList<QDBusObjectPath> list() const;
-    void addApplication(const QString &ID, const QStringList &actions, bool AutoStart = false);
+    template <typename T>
+    bool addApplication(T &&desktopFileSource)
+    {
+        QSharedPointer<ApplicationService> application{new ApplicationService{std::forward<T>(desktopFileSource), this}};
+        if (!application) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!registerObjectToDBus(new ApplicationAdaptor{application.data()},
+                                  application->m_applicationPath.path(),
+                                  getDBusInterface<ApplicationAdaptor>())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        m_applicationList.insert(application->m_applicationPath, application);
+        return true;
+    }
     bool removeOneApplication(const QDBusObjectPath &application);
     void removeAllApplication();
 
+    JobManager1Service &jobManager() noexcept { return *m_jobManager; }
+
 public Q_SLOTS:
-    QDBusObjectPath Application(const QString &id);
+    QDBusObjectPath Application(const QString &id) const;
     QString Identify(const QDBusUnixFileDescriptor &pidfd, QDBusObjectPath &application, QDBusObjectPath &application_instance);
     QDBusObjectPath Launch(const QString &id, const QString &action, const QStringList &fields, const QVariantMap &options);
+    void UpdateApplicationInfo(const QStringList &update_path);
 
 private:
+    std::unique_ptr<Identifier> m_identifier;
+    QScopedPointer<JobManager1Service> m_jobManager{nullptr};
     QMap<QDBusObjectPath, QSharedPointer<ApplicationService>> m_applicationList;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/dbus/applicationservice.cpp b/src/dbus/applicationservice.cpp
index 0d46000..a5218cb 100644
--- a/src/dbus/applicationservice.cpp
+++ b/src/dbus/applicationservice.cpp
@@ -3,61 +3,220 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 
 #include "applicationservice.h"
-#include "applicationadaptor.h"
+#include "applicationmanager1service.h"
 #include "instanceadaptor.h"
+#include "pwd.h"
 #include <QUuid>
+#include <QStringList>
+#include <QList>
+#include <QUrl>
+#include <QRegularExpression>
+#include <QProcess>
+#include <algorithm>
 
-ApplicationService::ApplicationService(QString ID)
-    : m_AutoStart(false)
-    , m_ID(std::move(ID))
-    , m_applicationPath(DDEApplicationManager1ApplicationObjectPath + m_ID)
+ApplicationService::~ApplicationService()
 {
+    m_desktopSource.destruct(m_isPersistence);
 }
 
-ApplicationService::~ApplicationService() = default;
-
 QString ApplicationService::GetActionName(const QString &identifier, const QStringList &env)
 {
-    // TODO: impl
-    return {};
+    const auto &supportedActions = actions();
+    if (supportedActions.isEmpty()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    if (auto index = supportedActions.indexOf(identifier); index == -1) {
+        qWarning() << "can't find " << identifier << " in supported actions List.";
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    const auto &actionHeader = QString{"%1%2"}.arg(DesktopFileActionKey, identifier);
+    const auto &actionName = m_entry->value(actionHeader, "Name");
+    if (!actionName) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    QString locale{""};
+    bool ok;
+    if (!env.isEmpty()) {
+        QString lcStr;
+        for (const auto &lc : env) {
+            if (lc.startsWith("LANG")) {
+                locale = lc.split('=').last();
+            }
+
+            if (lc.startsWith("LC_ALL")) {
+                locale = lc.split('=').last();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    QLocale lc = locale.isEmpty() ? getUserLocale() : QLocale{locale};
+
+    const auto &name = actionName->toLocaleString(lc, ok);
+    if (!ok) {
+        qWarning() << "convert to locale string failed, dest locale:" << lc;
+        return {};
+    }
+    return name;
 }
 
-QDBusObjectPath ApplicationService::Launch(const QString &action, const QStringList &fields, const QVariantMap &options)
+QDBusObjectPath ApplicationService::Launch(QString action, QStringList fields, QVariantMap options)
 {
-    // TODO: impl launch app from systemd.
-    QString objectPath{m_applicationPath.path() + "/" + QUuid::createUuid().toString()};
-    QSharedPointer<InstanceService> ins{new InstanceService{objectPath, ""}};
-    auto *ptr = ins.data();
-    if (registerObjectToDbus(new InstanceAdaptor(ptr), objectPath, getDBusInterface<InstanceAdaptor>())) {
-        m_Instances.insert(QDBusObjectPath{objectPath}, ins);
-        return QDBusObjectPath{objectPath};
+    QString execStr;
+    bool ok;
+    const auto &supportedActions = actions();
+
+    while (!action.isEmpty() and !supportedActions.isEmpty()) {  // break trick
+        if (auto index = supportedActions.indexOf(action); index == -1) {
+            qWarning() << "can't find " << action << " in supported actions List. application will use default action to launch.";
+            break;
+        }
+
+        const auto &actionHeader = QString{"%1%2"}.arg(DesktopFileEntryKey, action);
+        const auto &actionExec = m_entry->value(actionHeader, "Exec");
+        if (!actionExec) {
+            break;
+        }
+        execStr = actionExec->toString(ok);
+        if (!ok) {
+            qWarning() << "exec value to string failed, try default action.";
+            break;
+        }
+        break;
     }
-    return {};
+
+    if (execStr.isEmpty()) {
+        auto Actions = m_entry->value(DesktopFileEntryKey, "Exec");
+        if (!Actions) {
+            qWarning() << "application has isn't executable.";
+            return {};
+        }
+        execStr = Actions->toString(ok);
+        if (!ok) {
+            qWarning() << "default action value to string failed. abort...";
+            return {};
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto [bin, cmds, res] = unescapeExec(execStr, fields);
+
+    uid_t uid;
+    auto it = options.find("uid");
+    if (it != options.cend()) {
+        uid = it->toUInt(&ok);
+        if (!ok) {
+            qWarning() << "convert uid string to uint failed: " << *it;
+            return {};
+        }
+
+        if (uid != getCurrentUID()) {
+            cmds.prepend(userNameLookup(uid));
+            cmds.prepend("--user");
+            cmds.prepend("pkexec");
+        }
+    } else {
+        uid = getCurrentUID();
+    }
+
+    cmds.prepend("--");
+
+    auto &jobManager = m_parent->jobManager();
+
+    return jobManager.addJob(
+        m_applicationPath.path(),
+        [this, binary = std::move(bin), commands = std::move(cmds)](QVariant variantValue) mutable -> QVariant {
+            auto resourceFile = variantValue.toString();
+            if (resourceFile.isEmpty()) {
+                auto instanceRandomUUID = QUuid::createUuid().toString(QUuid::Id128);
+                commands.push_front(QString{R"(--unitName=DDE-%1@%2.service)"}.arg(
+                    this->id(), instanceRandomUUID));  // launcher should use this instanceId
+                QProcess process;
+                process.start(m_launcher, commands);
+                process.waitForFinished();
+                if (auto code = process.exitCode(); code != 0) {
+                    qWarning() << "Launch Application Failed. exitCode:" << code;
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return addOneInstance(instanceRandomUUID, m_applicationPath.path());  // TODO: pass correct Systemd Unit Path
+            }
+
+            int location{0};
+            location = commands.indexOf(R"(%f)");
+            if (location != -1) {  // due to std::move, there only remove once
+                commands.remove(location);
+            }
+
+            auto url = QUrl::fromUserInput(resourceFile);
+            if (!url.isValid()) {  // if url is invalid, passing to launcher directly
+                auto scheme = url.scheme();
+                if (!scheme.isEmpty()) {
+                    // TODO: resourceFile = processRemoteFile(resourceFile);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // resourceFile must be available in the following contexts
+            auto tmp = commands;
+            tmp.insert(location, resourceFile);
+            auto instanceRandomUUID = QUuid::createUuid().toString(QUuid::Id128);
+            tmp.push_front(QString{R"(--unitName=DDE-%1@%2.service)"}.arg(this->id(), instanceRandomUUID));
+            QProcess process;
+            process.start(ApplicationLauncherBinary, tmp);
+            process.waitForFinished();
+            auto exitCode = process.exitCode();
+            if (exitCode != 0) {
+                qWarning() << "Launch Application Failed:" << binary << tmp;
+            }
+            return addOneInstance(instanceRandomUUID, m_applicationPath.path());
+        },
+        std::move(res));
 }
 
 QStringList ApplicationService::actions() const noexcept
 {
-    return m_actions;
+    if (m_entry.isNull()) {
+        qWarning() << "desktop entry is empty, isPersistence:" << m_isPersistence;
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    const auto &actions = m_entry->value(DesktopFileEntryKey, "Actions");
+    if (!actions) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    bool ok{false};
+    const auto &str = actions->toString(ok);
+    if (!ok) {
+        qWarning() << "Actions convert to String failed.";
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    auto actionList = str.split(";");
+    actionList.removeAll("");
+
+    return actionList;
 }
 
-QStringList &ApplicationService::actionsRef() noexcept
+QString ApplicationService::id() const noexcept
 {
-    return m_actions;
-}
-
-QString ApplicationService::iD() const noexcept
-{
-    return m_ID;
+    if (m_isPersistence) {
+        return m_desktopSource.m_file.desktopId();
+    }
+    return {};
 }
 
 IconMap ApplicationService::icons() const
 {
-    return m_Icons;
+    if (m_Icons) {
+        return m_Icons->icons();
+    }
+    return {};
 }
 
 IconMap &ApplicationService::iconsRef()
 {
-    return m_Icons;
+    return m_Icons->iconsRef();
 }
 
 bool ApplicationService::isAutoStart() const noexcept
@@ -75,12 +234,168 @@ QList<QDBusObjectPath> ApplicationService::instances() const noexcept
     return m_Instances.keys();
 }
 
-bool ApplicationService::removeOneInstance(const QDBusObjectPath &instance)
+bool ApplicationService::addOneInstance(const QString &instanceId, const QString &application, const QString &systemdUnitPath)
 {
-    return m_Instances.remove(instance) != 0;
+    auto service = new InstanceService{instanceId, application, systemdUnitPath};
+    auto adaptor = new InstanceAdaptor(service);
+    QString objectPath{DDEApplicationManager1InstanceObjectPath + instanceId};
+
+    if (registerObjectToDBus(adaptor, objectPath, getDBusInterface<InstanceAdaptor>())) {
+        m_Instances.insert(QDBusObjectPath{objectPath}, QSharedPointer<InstanceService>{service});
+        service->moveToThread(this->thread());
+        adaptor->moveToThread(this->thread());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    adaptor->deleteLater();
+    service->deleteLater();
+    return false;
+}
+
+void ApplicationService::removeOneInstance(const QDBusObjectPath &instance)
+{
+    m_Instances.remove(instance);
+    unregisterObjectFromDBus(instance.path());
 }
 
 void ApplicationService::removeAllInstance()
 {
-    m_Instances.clear();
+    for (const auto &instance : m_Instances.keys()) {
+        removeOneInstance(instance);
+    }
+}
+
+QDBusObjectPath ApplicationService::findInstance(const QString &instanceId) const
+{
+    for (const auto &[path, ptr] : m_Instances.asKeyValueRange()) {
+        if (ptr->instanceId() == instanceId) {
+            return path;
+        }
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+QString ApplicationService::userNameLookup(uid_t uid)
+{
+    auto pws = getpwuid(uid);
+    return pws->pw_name;
+}
+
+LaunchTask ApplicationService::unescapeExec(const QString &str, const QStringList &fields)
+{
+    LaunchTask task;
+    QStringList execList = str.split(' ');
+    task.LaunchBin = execList.first();
+
+    QRegularExpression re{"%[fFuUickdDnNvm]"};
+    auto matcher = re.match(str);
+    if (!matcher.hasMatch()) {
+        task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+        return task;
+    }
+
+    auto list = matcher.capturedTexts();
+    if (list.count() > 1) {
+        qWarning() << "invalid exec format, all filed code will be ignored.";
+        for (const auto &code : list) {
+            execList.removeOne(code);
+        }
+        task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+        return task;
+    }
+
+    auto filesCode = list.first().back().toLatin1();
+    auto codeStr = QString(R"(%%1)").arg(filesCode);
+    auto location = execList.indexOf(codeStr);
+
+    switch (filesCode) {
+        case 'f': {  // Defer to async job
+            task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+            for (auto &field : fields) {
+                task.Resources.emplace_back(std::move(field));
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'u': {
+            execList.removeAt(location);
+            if (fields.count() > 1) {
+                qDebug() << R"(fields count is greater than one, %u will only take first element.)";
+            }
+            execList.insert(location, fields.first());
+            task.command.append(execList);
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'F':
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case 'U': {
+            execList.removeAt(location);
+            auto it = execList.begin() + location;
+            for (const auto &field : fields) {
+                it = execList.insert(it, field);
+            }
+            task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'i': {
+            execList.removeAt(location);
+            auto val = m_entry->value(DesktopFileEntryKey, "Icon");
+            if (!val) {
+                qDebug() << R"(Application Icons can't be found. %i will be ignored.)";
+                task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+                return task;
+            }
+            bool ok;
+            auto iconStr = val->toIconString(ok);
+            if (!ok) {
+                qDebug() << R"(Icons Convert to string failed. %i will be ignored.)";
+                task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+                return task;
+            }
+            auto it = execList.insert(location, iconStr);
+            execList.insert(it, "--icon");
+            task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'c': {
+            execList.removeAt(location);
+            auto val = m_entry->value(DesktopFileEntryKey, "Name");
+            if (!val) {
+                qDebug() << R"(Application Name can't be found. %c will be ignored.)";
+                task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+                return task;
+            }
+            bool ok;
+            auto NameStr = val->toLocaleString(getUserLocale(), ok);
+            if (!ok) {
+                qDebug() << R"(Name Convert to locale string failed. %c will be ignored.)";
+                task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+                return task;
+            }
+            execList.insert(location, NameStr);
+            task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'k': {  // ignore all desktop file location for now.
+            execList.removeAt(location);
+            task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 'd':
+        case 'D':
+        case 'n':
+        case 'N':
+        case 'v':
+            [[fallthrough]];  // Deprecated field codes should be removed from the command line and ignored.
+        case 'm': {
+            execList.removeAt(location);
+            task.command.append(std::move(execList));
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (task.Resources.isEmpty()) {
+        task.Resources.emplace_back(QString{""});  // mapReduce should run once at least
+    }
+
+    return task;
 }
diff --git a/src/dbus/applicationservice.h b/src/dbus/applicationservice.h
index 4b4c5d3..89ea3b9 100644
--- a/src/dbus/applicationservice.h
+++ b/src/dbus/applicationservice.h
@@ -11,8 +11,14 @@
 #include <QString>
 #include <QDBusUnixFileDescriptor>
 #include <QSharedPointer>
+#include <QUuid>
+#include <QTextStream>
+#include <QFile>
 #include "instanceservice.h"
 #include "global.h"
+#include "desktopentry.h"
+#include "desktopicons.h"
+#include "jobmanager1service.h"
 
 class ApplicationService : public QObject
 {
@@ -26,10 +32,9 @@ public:
 
     Q_PROPERTY(QStringList Actions READ actions CONSTANT)
     QStringList actions() const noexcept;
-    QStringList &actionsRef() noexcept;
 
-    Q_PROPERTY(QString ID READ iD CONSTANT)
-    QString iD() const noexcept;
+    Q_PROPERTY(QString ID READ id CONSTANT)
+    QString id() const noexcept;
 
     Q_PROPERTY(IconMap Icons READ icons)
     IconMap icons() const;
@@ -42,23 +47,93 @@ public:
     Q_PROPERTY(QList<QDBusObjectPath> Instances READ instances)
     QList<QDBusObjectPath> instances() const noexcept;
 
+    QDBusObjectPath findInstance(const QString &instanceId) const;
+
+    const QString &getLauncher() const noexcept { return m_launcher; }
+    void setLauncher(const QString &launcher) noexcept { m_launcher = launcher; }
+
+    bool addOneInstance(const QString &instanceId, const QString &application, const QString &systemdUnitPath = "/");
     void recoverInstances(const QList<QDBusObjectPath>) noexcept;
-    bool removeOneInstance(const QDBusObjectPath &instance);
+    void removeOneInstance(const QDBusObjectPath &instance);  // TODO: remove instance when app closed
     void removeAllInstance();
 
 public Q_SLOTS:
     QString GetActionName(const QString &identifier, const QStringList &env);
-    QDBusObjectPath Launch(const QString &action, const QStringList &fields, const QVariantMap &options);
+    QDBusObjectPath Launch(QString action, QStringList fields, QVariantMap options);
 
 private:
     friend class ApplicationManager1Service;
-    explicit ApplicationService(QString ID);
-    bool m_AutoStart;
-    QString m_ID;
+    template <typename T>
+    ApplicationService(T &&source, ApplicationManager1Service *parent)
+        : m_parent(parent)
+        , m_desktopSource(std::forward<T>(source))
+    {
+        static_assert(std::is_same_v<T, DesktopFile> or std::is_same_v<T, QString>, "param type must be QString or DesktopFile.");
+        QString objectPath{DDEApplicationManager1ApplicationObjectPath};
+        QTextStream sourceStream;
+        QFile sourceFile;
+        auto dbusAppid = m_desktopSource.m_file.desktopId();
+
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, DesktopFile>) {
+            m_applicationPath = QDBusObjectPath{objectPath + escapeToObjectPath(dbusAppid)};
+            m_isPersistence = true;
+            sourceFile.setFileName(m_desktopSource.m_file.filePath());
+            if (!sourceFile.open(QFile::ExistingOnly | QFile::ReadOnly | QFile::Text)) {
+                qCritical() << "desktop file can't open:" << m_desktopSource.m_file.filePath() << sourceFile.errorString();
+                return;
+            }
+            sourceStream.setDevice(&sourceFile);
+        } else if (std::is_same_v<T, QString>) {
+            m_applicationPath = QDBusObjectPath{objectPath + QUuid::createUuid().toString(QUuid::Id128)};
+            m_isPersistence = false;
+            sourceStream.setString(&m_desktopSource.m_temp, QTextStream::ReadOnly | QTextStream::Text);
+        }
+        m_entry.reset(new DesktopEntry());
+        if (auto error = m_entry->parse(sourceStream); error != ParseError::NoError) {
+            if (error != ParseError::EntryKeyInvalid) {
+                m_entry.reset(nullptr);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        // TODO: icon lookup
+    }
+
+    bool m_AutoStart{false};
+    bool m_isPersistence;
+    ApplicationManager1Service *m_parent{nullptr};
     QDBusObjectPath m_applicationPath;
-    QStringList m_actions;
+    QString m_launcher{ApplicationLauncherBinary};
+    union DesktopSource
+    {
+        template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<T, DesktopFile>, bool> = true>
+        DesktopSource(T &&source)
+            : m_file(std::forward<T>(source))
+        {
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<T, QString>, bool> = true>
+        DesktopSource(T &&source)
+            : m_temp(std::forward<T>(source))
+        {
+        }
+
+        void destruct(bool isPersistence)
+        {
+            if (isPersistence) {
+                m_file.~DesktopFile();
+            } else {
+                m_temp.~QString();
+            }
+        }
+        ~DesktopSource(){};
+        QString m_temp;
+        DesktopFile m_file;
+    } m_desktopSource;
+    QSharedPointer<DesktopEntry> m_entry{nullptr};
+    QSharedPointer<DesktopIcons> m_Icons{nullptr};
     QMap<QDBusObjectPath, QSharedPointer<InstanceService>> m_Instances;
-    IconMap m_Icons;
+    QString userNameLookup(uid_t uid);
+    [[nodiscard]] LaunchTask unescapeExec(const QString &str, const QStringList &fields);
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/dbus/instanceservice.cpp b/src/dbus/instanceservice.cpp
index 77ede63..6c7ed6c 100644
--- a/src/dbus/instanceservice.cpp
+++ b/src/dbus/instanceservice.cpp
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
 
 #include "instanceservice.h"
 
-InstanceService::InstanceService(QString application, QString systemdUnitPath)
-    : m_Application(std::move(application))
+InstanceService::InstanceService(QString instanceId, QString application, QString systemdUnitPath)
+    : m_instanceId(std::move(instanceId))
+    , m_Application(std::move(application))
     , m_SystemdUnitPath(std::move(systemdUnitPath))
 {
 }
diff --git a/src/dbus/instanceservice.h b/src/dbus/instanceservice.h
index 8fd6f52..7ebfed6 100644
--- a/src/dbus/instanceservice.h
+++ b/src/dbus/instanceservice.h
@@ -18,15 +18,18 @@ public:
     InstanceService &operator=(const InstanceService &) = delete;
     InstanceService &operator=(InstanceService &&) = delete;
 
-    Q_PROPERTY(QDBusObjectPath Application READ application CONSTANT)
+    Q_PROPERTY(QDBusObjectPath Application READ application)
     QDBusObjectPath application() const;
 
-    Q_PROPERTY(QDBusObjectPath SystemdUnitPath READ systemdUnitPath CONSTANT)
+    Q_PROPERTY(QDBusObjectPath SystemdUnitPath READ systemdUnitPath)
     QDBusObjectPath systemdUnitPath() const;
 
+    const QString &instanceId() const noexcept { return m_instanceId; }
+
 private:
     friend class ApplicationService;
-    InstanceService(QString application, QString systemdUnitPath);
+    InstanceService(QString instanceId, QString application, QString systemdUnitPath);
+    QString m_instanceId;
     const QDBusObjectPath m_Application;
     const QDBusObjectPath m_SystemdUnitPath;
 };
diff --git a/src/dbus/jobmanager1service.cpp b/src/dbus/jobmanager1service.cpp
index 6478ce1..3f8a2ce 100644
--- a/src/dbus/jobmanager1service.cpp
+++ b/src/dbus/jobmanager1service.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,38 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 
 #include "jobmanager1service.h"
+#include "jobmanager1adaptor.h"
 
-JobManager1Service::JobManager1Service() = default;
+LaunchTask::LaunchTask()
+{
+    qRegisterMetaType<LaunchTask>();
+}
+
+JobManager1Service::JobManager1Service(ApplicationManager1Service *parent)
+    : m_parent(parent)
+{
+    if (!registerObjectToDBus(
+            new JobManager1Adaptor{this}, DDEApplicationManager1JobManagerObjectPath, getDBusInterface<JobManager1Adaptor>())) {
+        std::terminate();
+    }
+}
 
 JobManager1Service::~JobManager1Service() = default;
+
+bool JobManager1Service::removeOneJob(const QDBusObjectPath &path)
+{
+    decltype(m_jobs)::size_type removeCount{0};
+    {
+        QMutexLocker locker{&m_mutex};
+        removeCount = m_jobs.remove(path);
+    }
+    // removeCount means m_jobs can't find value which corresponding with path
+    // and we shouldn't emit jobRemoved signal because this signal may already has been emit
+    if (removeCount == 0) {
+        qWarning() << "Job already has been removed: " << path.path();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    unregisterObjectFromDBus(path.path());
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/dbus/jobmanager1service.h b/src/dbus/jobmanager1service.h
index 85b2101..ce32aec 100644
--- a/src/dbus/jobmanager1service.h
+++ b/src/dbus/jobmanager1service.h
@@ -14,14 +14,30 @@
 #include <QtConcurrent>
 #include <QFuture>
 #include <QUuid>
-#include "jobadaptor.h"
 #include "global.h"
+#include "jobadaptor.h"
+
+class ApplicationManager1Service;
+
+struct LaunchTask
+{
+    LaunchTask();
+    ~LaunchTask() = default;
+    LaunchTask(const LaunchTask &) = default;
+    LaunchTask(LaunchTask &&) = default;
+    LaunchTask &operator=(const LaunchTask &) = default;
+    LaunchTask &operator=(LaunchTask &&) = default;
+    QString LaunchBin;
+    QStringList command;
+    QVariantList Resources;
+};
+
+Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(LaunchTask)
 
 class JobManager1Service final : public QObject
 {
     Q_OBJECT
 public:
-    JobManager1Service();
     JobManager1Service(const JobManager1Service &) = delete;
     JobManager1Service(JobManager1Service &&) = delete;
     JobManager1Service &operator=(const JobManager1Service &) = delete;
@@ -29,48 +45,48 @@ public:
 
     ~JobManager1Service() override;
     template <typename F>
-    void addJob(const QDBusObjectPath &source, F func, QVariantList args)
+    QDBusObjectPath addJob(QString source, F func, QVariantList args)
     {
         static_assert(std::is_invocable_v<F, QVariant>, "param type must be QVariant.");
 
         QString objectPath{DDEApplicationManager1JobObjectPath + QUuid::createUuid().toString(QUuid::Id128)};
-        auto future = QtConcurrent::mappedReduced(args.begin(),
-                                                  args.end(),
-                                                  func,
-                                                  qOverload<QVariantList::parameter_type>(&QVariantList::append),
-                                                  QVariantList{},
-                                                  QtConcurrent::ReduceOption::OrderedReduce);
+        QFuture<QVariantList> future = QtConcurrent::mappedReduced(std::move(args),
+                                                                   func,
+                                                                   qOverload<QVariantList::parameter_type>(&QVariantList::append),
+                                                                   QVariantList{},
+                                                                   QtConcurrent::ReduceOption::OrderedReduce);
         QSharedPointer<JobService> job{new JobService{future}};
+        if (!registerObjectToDBus(new JobAdaptor(job.data()), objectPath, getDBusInterface<JobAdaptor>())) {
+            qCritical() << "can't register job to dbus.";
+            future.cancel();
+            return {};
+        }
+
         auto path = QDBusObjectPath{objectPath};
         {
             QMutexLocker locker{&m_mutex};
-            m_jobs.insert(path, job);  // Insertion is always successful
+            m_jobs.insert(path, std::move(job));  // Insertion is always successful
         }
-        emit JobNew(path, source);
-        registerObjectToDbus(new JobAdaptor(job.data()), objectPath, getDBusInterface<JobAdaptor>());
+        emit JobNew(path, QDBusObjectPath{source});
+
         auto emitRemove = [this, job, path, future](QVariantList value) {
-            decltype(m_jobs)::size_type removeCount{0};
-            {
-                QMutexLocker locker{&m_mutex};
-                removeCount = m_jobs.remove(path);
-            }
-            // removeCount means m_jobs can't find value which corresponding with path
-            // and we shouldn't emit jobRemoved signal because this signal may already has been emit
-            if (removeCount == 0) {
-                qCritical() << "Job already has been removed: " << path.path();
+            if (!removeOneJob(path)) {
                 return value;
             }
+
             QString result{job->status()};
             for (const auto &val : future.result()) {
-                if (val.template canConvert<QDBusError>()) {
+                if (val.canConvert<QDBusError>()) {
                     result = "failed";
                 }
                 break;
             }
-            emit this->JobRemoved(path, result, future.result());
+            emit JobRemoved(path, result, future.result());
             return value;
         };
-        future.then(emitRemove);
+
+        future.then(this, emitRemove);
+        return path;
     }
 
 Q_SIGNALS:
@@ -78,8 +94,12 @@ Q_SIGNALS:
     void JobRemoved(const QDBusObjectPath &job, const QString &status, const QVariantList &result);
 
 private:
+    bool removeOneJob(const QDBusObjectPath &path);
+    friend class ApplicationManager1Service;
+    JobManager1Service(ApplicationManager1Service *parent);
     QMutex m_mutex;
     QMap<QDBusObjectPath, QSharedPointer<JobService>> m_jobs;
+    ApplicationManager1Service *m_parent{nullptr};
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/desktopentry.cpp b/src/desktopentry.cpp
index f758e1d..5e0094d 100644
--- a/src/desktopentry.cpp
+++ b/src/desktopentry.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@ auto DesktopEntry::parserGroupHeader(const QString &str) noexcept
 
 ParseError DesktopEntry::parseEntry(const QString &str, decltype(m_entryMap)::iterator &currentGroup) noexcept
 {
-    if (str.startsWith("#"))
+    if (str.startsWith("#")) {
         return ParseError::NoError;
+    }
+
     auto splitCharIndex = str.indexOf(']');
     if (splitCharIndex != -1) {
         for (; splitCharIndex < str.size(); ++splitCharIndex) {
@@ -60,7 +62,6 @@ ParseError DesktopEntry::parseEntry(const QString &str, decltype(m_entryMap)::it
     if (auto locale = matcher.captured("LOCALE"); !locale.isEmpty()) {
         valueKey = locale;
     }
-    qDebug() << valueKey << valueStr;
     if (auto cur = currentGroup->find(key); cur == currentGroup->end()) {
         currentGroup->insert(keyStr, {{valueKey, valueStr}});
         return ParseError::NoError;
@@ -93,8 +94,10 @@ std::optional<DesktopFile> DesktopFile::searchDesktopFile(const QString &desktop
         qDebug() << "Current Application Dirs:" << XDGDataDirs;
         for (const auto &d : XDGDataDirs) {
             auto dirPath = QDir::cleanPath(d);
-            QDirIterator it{
-                dirPath, {desktopFile}, QDir::AllEntries | QDir::NoSymLinks | QDir::NoDotAndDotDot, QDirIterator::Subdirectories};
+            QDirIterator it{dirPath,
+                            {desktopFile},
+                            QDir::Files | QDir::NoSymLinks | QDir::NoDotAndDotDot | QDir::Readable,
+                            QDirIterator::Subdirectories};
             if (it.hasNext()) {
                 path = it.next();
                 break;
@@ -107,8 +110,8 @@ std::optional<DesktopFile> DesktopFile::searchDesktopFile(const QString &desktop
         err = ParseError::NotFound;
         return std::nullopt;
     }
-
-    auto components = path.split(QDir::separator()).toList();
+    auto tmp = path.chopped(8);  // remove ".desktop"
+    auto components = tmp.split(QDir::separator()).toList();
     auto it = std::find(components.cbegin(), components.cend(), "applications");
     if (it == components.cend()) {
         qWarning() << "custom location detected, Id wouldn't be generated.";
@@ -117,12 +120,24 @@ std::optional<DesktopFile> DesktopFile::searchDesktopFile(const QString &desktop
         ++it;
         while (it != components.cend())
             FileId += (*(it++) + "-");
-        id = FileId.chopped(1);
+        id = FileId.chopped(1);  // remove extra "-""
     }
     err = ParseError::NoError;
     return DesktopFile{std::move(path), std::move(id)};
 }
 
+ParseError DesktopEntry::parse(const DesktopFile &desktopFile) noexcept
+{
+    auto file = QFile(desktopFile.filePath());
+    if (!file.open(QFile::ExistingOnly | QFile::ReadOnly | QFile::Text)) {
+        qWarning() << desktopFile.filePath() << "can't open.";
+        return ParseError::OpenFailed;
+    }
+
+    QTextStream in{&file};
+    return parse(in);
+}
+
 ParseError DesktopEntry::parse(QTextStream &stream) noexcept
 {
     if (stream.atEnd())
@@ -135,6 +150,10 @@ ParseError DesktopEntry::parse(QTextStream &stream) noexcept
     while (!stream.atEnd()) {
         auto line = stream.readLine().trimmed();
 
+        if (line.isEmpty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
         if (line.startsWith("[")) {
             if (!line.endsWith("]"))
                 return ParseError::GroupHeaderInvalid;
@@ -150,11 +169,27 @@ ParseError DesktopEntry::parse(QTextStream &stream) noexcept
     return err;
 }
 
-QMap<QString, DesktopEntry::Value> DesktopEntry::group(const QString &key) const noexcept
+std::optional<QMap<QString, DesktopEntry::Value>> DesktopEntry::group(const QString &key) const noexcept
 {
     if (auto group = m_entryMap.find(key); group != m_entryMap.cend())
         return *group;
-    return {};
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+std::optional<DesktopEntry::Value> DesktopEntry::value(const QString &groupKey, const QString &valueKey) const noexcept
+{
+    const auto &destGroup = group(groupKey);
+    if (!destGroup) {
+        qWarning() << "group " << groupKey << " can't be found.";
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    auto it = destGroup->find(valueKey);
+    if (it == destGroup->cend()) {
+        qWarning() << "value " << valueKey << " can't be found.";
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    return *it;
 }
 
 QString DesktopEntry::Value::unescape(const QString &str) const noexcept
diff --git a/src/desktopicons.cpp b/src/desktopicons.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/src/include/cgroupsidentifier.h b/src/include/cgroupsidentifier.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e5b8fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/cgroupsidentifier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 UnionTech Software Technology Co., Ltd.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#ifndef CGROUPSIDENTIFIER_H
+#define CGROUPSIDENTIFIER_H
+
+#include "identifier.h"
+
+class CGroupsIdentifier : public Identifier
+{
+public:
+    IdentifyRet Identify(pid_t pid) override;
+
+private:
+    [[nodiscard]] QString parseCGroupsPath(QString path) const noexcept;
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/include/desktopentry.h b/src/include/desktopentry.h
index 011afcc..f74b306 100644
--- a/src/include/desktopentry.h
+++ b/src/include/desktopentry.h
@@ -13,6 +13,29 @@ constexpr static auto defaultKeyStr = "default";
 
 enum class ParseError { NoError, NotFound, MismatchedFile, InvalidLocation, OpenFailed, GroupHeaderInvalid, EntryKeyInvalid };
 
+struct DesktopFile
+{
+    DesktopFile(const DesktopFile &) = default;
+    DesktopFile(DesktopFile &&) = default;
+    DesktopFile &operator=(const DesktopFile &) = default;
+    DesktopFile &operator=(DesktopFile &&) = default;
+    ~DesktopFile() = default;
+
+    const QString &filePath() const { return m_filePath; }
+    const QString &desktopId() const { return m_desktopId; }
+
+    static std::optional<DesktopFile> searchDesktopFile(const QString &desktopFilePath, ParseError &err) noexcept;
+
+private:
+    DesktopFile(QString &&path, QString &&fileId)
+        : m_filePath(std::move(path))
+        , m_desktopId(std::move(fileId))
+    {
+    }
+    QString m_filePath{""};
+    QString m_desktopId{""};
+};
+
 class DesktopEntry
 {
 public:
@@ -33,39 +56,17 @@ public:
 
     DesktopEntry() = default;
     ~DesktopEntry() = default;
+    [[nodiscard]] ParseError parse(const DesktopFile &file) noexcept;
     [[nodiscard]] ParseError parse(QTextStream &stream) noexcept;
-    [[nodiscard]] QMap<QString, Value> group(const QString &key) const noexcept;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<QMap<QString, Value>> group(const QString &key) const noexcept;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<Value> value(const QString &key, const QString &valueKey) const noexcept;
 
 private:
     QMap<QString, QMap<QString, Value>> m_entryMap;
-
     auto parserGroupHeader(const QString &str) noexcept;
     ParseError parseEntry(const QString &str, decltype(m_entryMap)::iterator &currentGroup) noexcept;
 };
 
-struct DesktopFile
-{
-    DesktopFile(const DesktopFile &) = default;
-    DesktopFile(DesktopFile &&) = default;
-    DesktopFile &operator=(const DesktopFile &) = default;
-    DesktopFile &operator=(DesktopFile &&) = default;
-    ~DesktopFile() = default;
-
-    const QString &filePath() const { return m_filePath; }
-    const QString &desktopId() const { return m_desktopId; }
-
-    static std::optional<DesktopFile> searchDesktopFile(const QString &desktopFilePath, ParseError &err) noexcept;
-
-private:
-    DesktopFile(QString &&path, QString &&fileId)
-        : m_filePath(std::move(path))
-        , m_desktopId(std::move(fileId))
-    {
-    }
-    QString m_filePath;
-    QString m_desktopId;
-};
-
 QDebug operator<<(QDebug debug, const DesktopEntry::Value &v);
 
 QDebug operator<<(QDebug debug, const ParseError &v);
diff --git a/src/include/desktopicons.h b/src/include/desktopicons.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8ec13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/desktopicons.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 UnionTech Software Technology Co., Ltd.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#ifndef DESKTOPICONS_H
+#define DESKTOPICONS_H
+
+#include "global.h"
+
+class DesktopIcons
+{
+public:
+    DesktopIcons() = default;
+    const IconMap &icons() const noexcept { return m_icons; }
+    IconMap &iconsRef() noexcept { return m_icons; }
+
+private:
+    IconMap m_icons;
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/include/global.h b/src/include/global.h
index 41804bb..a678e77 100644
--- a/src/include/global.h
+++ b/src/include/global.h
@@ -13,14 +13,27 @@
 #include <QDBusError>
 #include <QMetaType>
 #include <QMetaClassInfo>
+#include <QLocale>
+#include <QRegularExpression>
+#include <QDBusObjectPath>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <optional>
 
 using IconMap = QMap<QString, QMap<uint, QMap<QString, QDBusUnixFileDescriptor>>>;
 
 constexpr auto DDEApplicationManager1ServiceName = u8"org.deepin.dde.ApplicationManager1";
 constexpr auto DDEApplicationManager1ObjectPath = u8"/org/deepin/dde/ApplicationManager1";
 constexpr auto DDEApplicationManager1ApplicationObjectPath = u8"/org/deepin/dde/ApplicationManager1/Application/";
+constexpr auto DDEApplicationManager1InstanceObjectPath = u8"/org/deepin/dde/ApplicationManager1/Instance/";
 constexpr auto DDEApplicationManager1JobManagerObjectPath = u8"/org/deepin/dde/ApplicationManager1/JobManager1";
 constexpr auto DDEApplicationManager1JobObjectPath = u8"/org/deepin/dde/ApplicationManager1/JobManager1/Job/";
+constexpr auto DesktopFileEntryKey = u8"Desktop Entry";
+constexpr auto DesktopFileActionKey = u8"Desktop Action ";
+constexpr auto ApplicationLauncherBinary =
+    u8"/home/heyuming/workspace/dde-application-manager/build/plugin/appLauncher/am-launcher";
+constexpr auto ApplicationManagerDBusName = u8"deepin_application_manager_bus";
+
+enum class DBusType { Session = QDBusConnection::SessionBus, System = QDBusConnection::SystemBus, Custom };
 
 class ApplicationManager1DBus
 {
@@ -30,15 +43,52 @@ public:
     ApplicationManager1DBus &operator=(const ApplicationManager1DBus &) = delete;
     ApplicationManager1DBus &operator=(ApplicationManager1DBus &&) = delete;
     const QString &BusAddress() { return m_busAddress; }
-    void setBusAddress(const QString &address) { m_busAddress = address; }
-    QDBusConnection &CustomBus()
+    void init(DBusType type, const QString &busAddress = "")
     {
-        static auto con = QDBusConnection::connectToBus(m_busAddress, "org.deepin.dde.ApplicationManager1");
-        if (!con.isConnected()) {
-            qWarning() << con.lastError();
-            std::terminate();
+        if (m_initFlag) {
+            return;
         }
-        return con;
+
+        m_busAddress = busAddress;
+        m_type = type;
+        m_initFlag = true;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    QDBusConnection &globalBus()
+    {
+        if (m_connection.has_value()) {
+            return m_connection.value();
+        }
+
+        if (!m_initFlag) {
+            qFatal() << "invoke init at first.";
+        }
+
+        switch (m_type) {
+            case DBusType::Session:
+                [[fallthrough]];
+            case DBusType::System: {
+                m_connection.emplace(
+                    QDBusConnection::connectToBus(static_cast<QDBusConnection::BusType>(m_type), ApplicationManagerDBusName));
+                if (!m_connection->isConnected()) {
+                    qFatal() << m_connection->lastError();
+                }
+                return m_connection.value();
+            }
+            case DBusType::Custom: {
+                if (m_busAddress.isEmpty()) {
+                    qFatal() << "connect to custom dbus must init this object by custom dbus address";
+                }
+                m_connection.emplace(
+                    QDBusConnection::connectToBus(static_cast<QDBusConnection::BusType>(m_type), ApplicationManagerDBusName));
+                if (!m_connection->isConnected()) {
+                    qFatal() << m_connection->lastError();
+                }
+                return m_connection.value();
+            }
+        }
+        Q_UNREACHABLE();
     }
     static ApplicationManager1DBus &instance()
     {
@@ -49,10 +99,14 @@ public:
 private:
     ApplicationManager1DBus() = default;
     ~ApplicationManager1DBus() = default;
+    bool m_initFlag;
+    DBusType m_type;
     QString m_busAddress;
+    std::optional<QDBusConnection> m_connection{std::nullopt};
 };
 
-bool registerObjectToDbus(QObject *o, const QString &path, const QString &interface);
+bool registerObjectToDBus(QObject *o, const QString &path, const QString &interface);
+void unregisterObjectFromDBus(const QString &path);
 
 template <typename T>
 QString getDBusInterface()
@@ -62,7 +116,71 @@ QString getDBusInterface()
     if (auto infoIndex = infoObject->indexOfClassInfo("D-Bus Interface"); infoIndex != -1) {
         return infoObject->classInfo(infoIndex).value();
     }
+    qWarning() << "no interface found.";
     return {};
 }
 
+inline uid_t getCurrentUID()
+{
+    return getuid();  // current use linux getuid
+}
+
+inline QLocale getUserLocale()
+{
+    return QLocale::system();  // current use env
+}
+
+inline QString unescapeString(const QString &input)
+{
+    QRegularExpression regex("\\\\x([0-9A-Fa-f]{2})");
+    QRegularExpressionMatchIterator it = regex.globalMatch(input);
+    QString output{input};
+
+    while (it.hasNext()) {
+        QRegularExpressionMatch match = it.next();
+        bool ok;
+        // Get the hexadecimal value from the match and convert it to a number.
+        int asciiValue = match.captured(1).toInt(&ok, 16);
+        if (ok) {
+            // Convert the ASCII value to a QChar and perform the replacement.
+            output.replace(match.capturedStart(), match.capturedLength(), QChar(asciiValue));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return output;
+}
+
+inline QString escapeToObjectPath(const QString &str)
+{
+    if (str.isEmpty()) {
+        return "_";
+    }
+
+    auto ret = str;
+    QRegularExpression re{R"([^a-zA-Z0-9])"};
+    auto matcher = re.globalMatch(ret);
+    while (matcher.hasNext()) {
+        auto replaceList = matcher.next().capturedTexts();
+        replaceList.removeDuplicates();
+        for (const auto &c : replaceList) {
+            auto hexStr = QString::number(static_cast<uint>(c.front().toLatin1()), 16);
+            ret.replace(c, QString{R"(_%1)"}.arg(hexStr));
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+inline QString unescapeFromObjectPath(const QString &str)
+{
+    auto ret = str;
+    for (qsizetype i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
+        if (str[i] == '_' and i + 2 < str.size()) {
+            auto hexStr = str.sliced(i + 1, 2);
+            ret.replace(hexStr, QChar::fromLatin1(hexStr.toUInt(nullptr, 16)));
+            i += 2;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/src/include/identifier.h b/src/include/identifier.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d26e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/identifier.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 UnionTech Software Technology Co., Ltd.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#ifndef IDENTIFIER_H
+#define IDENTIFIER_H
+
+#include <QString>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+struct IdentifyRet
+{
+    QString ApplicationId;
+    QString InstanceId;
+};
+
+class Identifier
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~Identifier() = default;
+    virtual IdentifyRet Identify(pid_t pid) = 0;
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/main.cpp b/src/main.cpp
index 905869d..1ac8e8a 100644
--- a/src/main.cpp
+++ b/src/main.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,59 @@
-int main()
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 UnionTech Software Technology Co., Ltd.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#include "global.h"
+#include <QDBusConnection>
+#include <QCoreApplication>
+#include <QDir>
+#include "applicationmanager1service.h"
+#include "cgroupsidentifier.h"
+#include "global.h"
+
+static void registerComplexDbusType()
 {
-    return 0;
+    qDBusRegisterMetaType<QMap<QString, QDBusUnixFileDescriptor>>();
+    qDBusRegisterMetaType<QMap<uint, QMap<QString, QDBusUnixFileDescriptor>>>();
+    qDBusRegisterMetaType<IconMap>();
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    QCoreApplication app{argc, argv};
+    auto &bus = ApplicationManager1DBus::instance();
+    bus.init(DBusType::Session);
+    auto &AMBus = bus.globalBus();
+
+    registerComplexDbusType();
+    ApplicationManager1Service AMService{std::make_unique<CGroupsIdentifier>(), AMBus};
+    QList<DesktopFile> fileList{};
+    auto pathEnv = qgetenv("XDG_DATA_DIRS");
+    if (pathEnv.isEmpty()) {
+        qFatal() << "environment variable $XDG_DATA_DIRS is empty.";
+    }
+    auto desktopFileDirs = pathEnv.split(':');
+
+    for (const auto &dir : desktopFileDirs) {
+        auto dirPath = QDir{QDir::cleanPath(dir) + "/applications"};
+        if (!dirPath.exists()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        QDirIterator it{dirPath.absolutePath(),
+                        {"*.desktop"},
+                        QDir::Files | QDir::NoSymLinks | QDir::NoDotAndDotDot | QDir::Readable,
+                        QDirIterator::Subdirectories};
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            auto file = it.next();
+            ParseError err;
+            auto ret = DesktopFile::searchDesktopFile(file, err);
+            if (!ret.has_value()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!AMService.addApplication(std::move(ret).value())) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return app.exec();
 }
diff --git a/src/utils.cpp b/src/utils.cpp
index b954c28..a208258 100644
--- a/src/utils.cpp
+++ b/src/utils.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,22 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 UnionTech Software Technology Co., Ltd.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+
 #include "global.h"
 
-bool registerObjectToDbus(QObject *o, const QString &path, const QString &interface)
+bool registerObjectToDBus(QObject *o, const QString &path, const QString &interface)
 {
-    auto &con = ApplicationManager1DBus::instance().CustomBus();
-    if (!con.registerObject(path, interface, o)) {
-        qCritical() << "register object failed:" << path << interface << con.lastError();
-        return false;
+    auto &con = ApplicationManager1DBus::instance().globalBus();
+    if (!con.registerObject(path, interface, o, QDBusConnection::RegisterOption::ExportAllContents)) {
+        qFatal() << "register object failed:" << path << interface << con.lastError();
+    } else {
+        qInfo() << "register object:" << path << interface;
     }
     return true;
 }
+
+void unregisterObjectFromDBus(const QString &path)
+{
+    auto &con = ApplicationManager1DBus::instance().globalBus();
+    con.unregisterObject(path);
+}
diff --git a/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index 0e76aac..39db387 100644
--- a/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ target_link_libraries(${BIN_NAME} PRIVATE
 )
 
 target_compile_options(${BIN_NAME} PRIVATE
+    -fno-access-control
     -fsanitize=undefined
     -fsanitize=address
 )
diff --git a/tests/ut_desktopentry.cpp b/tests/ut_desktopentry.cpp
index b942f34..ff3f697 100644
--- a/tests/ut_desktopentry.cpp
+++ b/tests/ut_desktopentry.cpp
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ TEST_F(TestDesktopEntry, prase)
     ASSERT_EQ(err, ParseError::NoError);
 
     auto group = entry.group("Desktop Entry");
-    ASSERT_FALSE(group.isEmpty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(group);
 
-    auto name = group.constFind("Name");
-    ASSERT_NE(name, group.cend());
+    auto name = group->constFind("Name");
+    ASSERT_NE(name, group->cend());
 
     bool ok;
     name->toBoolean(ok);
diff --git a/tests/ut_jobmanager.cpp b/tests/ut_jobmanager.cpp
index 47cc91c..d12cf77 100644
--- a/tests/ut_jobmanager.cpp
+++ b/tests/ut_jobmanager.cpp
@@ -3,16 +3,18 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
 
 #include "jobmanager1service.h"
-#include "jobservice.h"
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 class TestJobManager : public testing::Test
 {
 public:
-    JobManager1Service &service() { return m_jobManager; }
+    static void SetUpTestCase() { m_jobManager = new JobManager1Service(nullptr); }
+
+    static void TearDownTestCase() { delete m_jobManager; }
+    JobManager1Service &service() { return *m_jobManager; }
 
 private:
-    JobManager1Service m_jobManager;
+    static inline JobManager1Service *m_jobManager{nullptr};
 };
 
 TEST_F(TestJobManager, addJob)
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ TEST_F(TestJobManager, addJob)
                      });
 
     manager.addJob(
-        sourcePath,
+        sourcePath.path(),
         [](auto value) -> QVariant {
             EXPECT_TRUE(value.toString() == "Application");
             return QVariant::fromValue(true);
diff --git a/tests/utils.cpp b/tests/utils.cpp
index 3b7a5ec..1356037 100644
--- a/tests/utils.cpp
+++ b/tests/utils.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 UnionTech Software Technology Co., Ltd.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
+
 #include "global.h"
 
-bool registerObjectToDbus(QObject *, const QString &, const QString &)
+bool registerObjectToDBus(QObject *, const QString &, const QString &)
 {
     return true;
 }
+
+void unregisterObjectFromDBus(const QString &)
+{
+    return;
+}