diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 52448e2..c59d1c3 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -62,6 +62,26 @@ if(NOT LC_MTMD_LIB)
endif()
message(STATUS "mtmd: ${LC_MTMD_LIB}")
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# sherpa-onnx(X-ASR / zipformer / Nemotron 等流式 ONNX 模型)
+#
+# 注意:官方预编译库是用旧 C++ ABI 编译的,所以只能用它的 C API。
+# 安装:把官方的 sherpa-onnx-vX.Y.Z-linux-x64-shared.tar.bz2 解到某个目录,
+# 用 -DSHERPA_ONNX_ROOT=
指定(默认见下)。
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+set(SHERPA_ONNX_ROOT "$ENV{HOME}/.local/opt/sherpa-onnx" CACHE PATH "sherpa-onnx 安装目录")
+set(LC_HAS_SHERPA OFF)
+if(EXISTS "${SHERPA_ONNX_ROOT}/include/sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.h")
+ find_library(LC_SHERPA_C_API NAMES sherpa-onnx-c-api
+ HINTS "${SHERPA_ONNX_ROOT}/lib" REQUIRED)
+ find_library(LC_SHERPA_ORT NAMES onnxruntime
+ HINTS "${SHERPA_ONNX_ROOT}/lib" REQUIRED)
+ set(LC_HAS_SHERPA ON)
+ message(STATUS "sherpa-onnx: ${SHERPA_ONNX_ROOT}")
+else()
+ message(WARNING "未找到 sherpa-onnx(${SHERPA_ONNX_ROOT}),流式 ONNX 后端将不可用")
+endif()
+
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# core:全部业务逻辑,刻意不依赖 Qt(方便测试与复用)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -72,6 +92,12 @@ add_library(livecaption_core STATIC
src/core/streamingasr.cpp
src/core/livepipeline.cpp
)
+if(LC_HAS_SHERPA)
+ target_sources(livecaption_core PRIVATE src/core/sherpaasr.cpp)
+ target_compile_definitions(livecaption_core PUBLIC LC_HAVE_SHERPA=1)
+ target_include_directories(livecaption_core PRIVATE "${SHERPA_ONNX_ROOT}/include")
+ target_link_libraries(livecaption_core PUBLIC ${LC_SHERPA_C_API} ${LC_SHERPA_ORT})
+endif()
target_include_directories(livecaption_core PUBLIC src/core)
target_link_libraries(livecaption_core PUBLIC
Threads::Threads
@@ -81,6 +107,20 @@ target_link_libraries(livecaption_core PUBLIC
${LC_MTMD_LIB}
)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# models:模型注册表与存储(Qt;注册表编译进二进制)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+add_library(livecaption_models STATIC
+ src/models/modelstore.cpp
+)
+target_include_directories(livecaption_models PUBLIC src/models)
+target_link_libraries(livecaption_models PUBLIC Qt6::Core)
+qt_add_resources(livecaption_models "registry"
+ PREFIX "/"
+ BASE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+ FILES data/models.json)
+
+
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ui:悬浮窗与 Qt 适配层
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -97,15 +137,15 @@ target_link_libraries(livecaption_ui PUBLIC livecaption_core Qt6::Widgets)
# GUI:悬浮字幕窗
add_executable(live-caption apps/gui/main.cpp)
target_include_directories(live-caption PRIVATE apps/common)
-target_link_libraries(live-caption PRIVATE livecaption_ui)
+target_link_libraries(live-caption PRIVATE livecaption_ui livecaption_models)
# CLI:文件 / 流式文件 / 命令行实时;不链接 Qt Widgets
add_executable(live-caption-cli apps/cli/main.cpp)
target_include_directories(live-caption-cli PRIVATE apps/common)
-target_link_libraries(live-caption-cli PRIVATE livecaption_core Qt6::Core)
+target_link_libraries(live-caption-cli PRIVATE livecaption_core livecaption_models)
if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU|Clang")
- foreach(_t livecaption_core livecaption_ui live-caption live-caption-cli)
+ foreach(_t livecaption_core livecaption_ui livecaption_models live-caption live-caption-cli)
target_compile_options(${_t} PRIVATE -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter)
endforeach()
endif()
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index f0c3102..025fd7f 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -47,6 +47,22 @@ cmake --build build -j
ctest --test-dir build --output-on-failure
```
+## 推理后端
+
+支持两条后端,用 `--asr-backend` 切换(详见 [docs/asr-backends.md](docs/asr-backends.md)):
+
+- **`llama`(默认)**:llama.cpp/ggml + Qwen3-ASR 的 GGUF 模型 —— 准确率高、52 种语言,但每步成本随段落增长。
+- **`sherpa`**:sherpa-onnx + 流式 ONNX 模型(X-ASR / zipformer / Nemotron) —— 原生流式,每步成本恒定,CPU 约为前者的 1/35,中英准确率持平。
+
+模型都放在 `~/.local/share/live-caption/models/`,注册表是 `data/models.json`
+(**加模型只加一条数据,不改代码**),用 `scripts/fetch-models.sh` 下载。
+
+```bash
+# 流式后端
+./build/live-caption-cli --asr-backend sherpa --asr-model zipformer-zh-2025
+./build/live-caption-cli --asr-backend sherpa --asr-model nemotron35-560ms --language ja
+```
+
## 代码结构
```
diff --git a/apps/cli/main.cpp b/apps/cli/main.cpp
index bc95e3d..e0c9c1c 100644
--- a/apps/cli/main.cpp
+++ b/apps/cli/main.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
#include "appcli.h"
#include "audio.h"
#include "livepipeline.h"
+#include "iasr.h"
#include "qwen3asr.h"
#include "streamingasr.h"
#include "transcript.h"
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ std::atomic g_stop{false};
extern "C" void handleSigInt(int) { g_stop = true; }
-int runFile(lc::Qwen3Asr & asr, const QString & path)
+int runFile(lc::IAsr & asr, const QString & path)
{
std::vector pcm;
std::string err;
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ int runFile(lc::Qwen3Asr & asr, const QString & path)
return 0;
}
-int runStreamFile(lc::Qwen3Asr & asr, const QString & path, const lc::StreamOptions & sop)
+int runStreamFile(lc::IAsr & asr, const QString & path, const lc::StreamOptions & sop)
{
std::vector pcm;
std::string err;
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ int runStreamFile(lc::Qwen3Asr & asr, const QString & path, const lc::StreamOpti
return 0;
}
-int runCliLive(lc::Qwen3Asr & asr, const lc::StreamOptions & sop)
+int runCliLive(lc::IAsr & asr, const lc::StreamOptions & sop)
{
lc::LivePipelineOptions popt;
popt.stream = sop;
@@ -135,19 +136,28 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
parser.addHelpOption();
lc::app::addModelOptions(parser);
lc::app::addStreamOptions(parser);
+ lc::app::addBackendOptions(parser);
parser.addOption(QCommandLineOption("file", "转写一个 wav 文件后退出", "path"));
parser.addOption(QCommandLineOption("stream-file", "以流式模式转写 wav 文件后退出", "path"));
parser.addOption(QCommandLineOption("cli-live", "实时转写字幕,只用命令行输出(不开窗口)"));
parser.process(app);
const lc::AsrOptions asrOpt = lc::app::asrOptions(parser);
- const lc::StreamOptions sop = lc::app::streamOptions(parser);
+ lc::StreamOptions sop = lc::app::streamOptions(parser);
- lc::Qwen3Asr asr;
- if (!lc::app::loadModel(asr, asrOpt)) return 1;
+ std::string err;
+ std::unique_ptr asr = lc::app::makeAsr(parser, asrOpt, &err);
+ if (!asr) {
+ std::fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", err.c_str());
+ return 1;
+ }
+ // 原生流式识别器很便宜,用更细的更新粒度换低延迟
+ if (asr->kind() == lc::AsrKind::NativeStreaming && !parser.isSet("stream-chunk")) {
+ sop.chunkSec = 0.32;
+ }
- if (parser.isSet("file")) return runFile(asr, parser.value("file"));
- if (parser.isSet("stream-file")) return runStreamFile(asr, parser.value("stream-file"), sop);
+ if (parser.isSet("file")) return runFile(*asr, parser.value("file"));
+ if (parser.isSet("stream-file")) return runStreamFile(*asr, parser.value("stream-file"), sop);
- return runCliLive(asr, sop);
+ return runCliLive(*asr, sop);
}
diff --git a/apps/common/appcli.h b/apps/common/appcli.h
index 3bc215b..6295e5b 100644
--- a/apps/common/appcli.h
+++ b/apps/common/appcli.h
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
#pragma once
#include
+#include
#include
#include
#include
-#include "qwen3asr.h"
+#include "iasr.h"
+#include "modelstore.h"
#include "streamingasr.h"
+#include "qwen3asr.h"
+#if defined(LC_HAVE_SHERPA)
+#include "sherpaasr.h"
+#endif
// 两个可执行程序(GUI / CLI)共用的命令行选项定义与解析。
namespace lc::app {
@@ -87,4 +93,79 @@ inline bool loadModel(Qwen3Asr & asr, const AsrOptions & opt)
return true;
}
+// ---- 推理后端选择 ----
+//
+// llama 后端:Qwen3-ASR 的 GGUF 模型(--model / --mmproj)
+// sherpa 后端:流式 ONNX 模型,按注册表 id 从模型存储目录取(--asr-model )
+inline void addBackendOptions(QCommandLineParser & p)
+{
+ p.addOption(makeOption("asr-backend", "推理后端: llama(Qwen3-ASR GGUF)或 sherpa(流式 ONNX)",
+ "kind", "llama"));
+ p.addOption(makeOption("asr-model", "模型注册表里的 id(sherpa 后端用它定位文件)", "id"));
+ p.addOption(makeOption("model-dir", "覆盖模型存储目录(默认 ~/.local/share/live-caption/models)", "dir"));
+ p.addOption(makeOption("language", "语言提示,多语言模型用(zh / en / ja …);留空=自动", "lang"));
+}
+
+// 按命令行选择并加载后端;失败时返回 nullptr 并把原因写进 err
+inline std::unique_ptr makeAsr(const QCommandLineParser & p,
+ const AsrOptions & asrOpt, std::string * err)
+{
+ const QString dir = p.value("model-dir");
+ if (!dir.isEmpty()) models::ModelStore::setRootOverride(dir);
+
+ const QString backend = p.value("asr-backend");
+ const QString modelId = p.value("asr-model");
+ const QString lang = p.value("language");
+
+ const models::ModelInfo * info =
+ modelId.isEmpty() ? nullptr : models::ModelStore::find(modelId);
+ if (!modelId.isEmpty() && !info) {
+ if (err) *err = "注册表里没有模型: " + modelId.toStdString();
+ return nullptr;
+ }
+
+ const bool useSherpa = (backend == QLatin1String("sherpa"))
+ || (info && info->backend == models::Backend::SherpaOnline);
+
+ if (useSherpa) {
+#if defined(LC_HAVE_SHERPA)
+ if (!info) {
+ if (err) *err = "sherpa 后端需要 --asr-model (见 data/models.json)";
+ return nullptr;
+ }
+ QStringList missing;
+ if (!models::ModelStore::isInstalled(*info, &missing)) {
+ if (err) {
+ *err = "模型未安装,缺失: " + missing.join(QStringLiteral(", ")).toStdString()
+ + "\n 可运行: scripts/fetch-models.sh " + info->id.toStdString();
+ }
+ return nullptr;
+ }
+ SherpaAsr::Options o;
+ o.encoder = info->filePath(QStringLiteral("encoder")).toStdString();
+ o.decoder = info->filePath(QStringLiteral("decoder")).toStdString();
+ o.joiner = info->filePath(QStringLiteral("joiner")).toStdString();
+ o.tokens = info->filePath(QStringLiteral("tokens")).toStdString();
+ o.threads = 1; // 这类模型单线程最快(多线程反而被同步开销拖慢)
+ if (info->languages.size() > 1 && !lang.isEmpty()) {
+ o.language = lang.toStdString(); // 多语言模型(Nemotron)需要语言提示
+ }
+ auto a = std::make_unique();
+ if (!a->load(o, err)) return nullptr;
+ return a;
+#else
+ if (err) *err = "编译时未找到 sherpa-onnx(-DSHERPA_ONNX_ROOT=...)";
+ return nullptr;
+#endif
+ }
+
+ auto a = std::make_unique();
+ if (asrOpt.modelPath.empty() || asrOpt.mmprojPath.empty()) {
+ if (err) *err = "llama 后端需要 --model 和 --mmproj(或改用 --asr-backend sherpa --asr-model )";
+ return nullptr;
+ }
+ if (!a->load(asrOpt, err)) return nullptr;
+ return a;
+}
+
} // namespace lc::app
diff --git a/apps/gui/main.cpp b/apps/gui/main.cpp
index f7c5d58..36bf1d5 100644
--- a/apps/gui/main.cpp
+++ b/apps/gui/main.cpp
@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@
#include "appcli.h"
#include "captionwindow.h"
#include "livetranscriber.h"
+#include "iasr.h"
#include "qwen3asr.h"
#include "streamingasr.h"
#include "transcript.h"
namespace {
-int runGui(lc::Qwen3Asr & asr, const lc::StreamOptions & sop,
+int runGui(lc::IAsr & asr, const lc::StreamOptions & sop,
const QString & screenshotPath, int screenshotDelaySec, int opacityPercent)
{
lc::CaptionWindow window;
@@ -84,18 +85,26 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
parser.addHelpOption();
lc::app::addModelOptions(parser);
lc::app::addStreamOptions(parser);
+ lc::app::addBackendOptions(parser);
parser.addOption(lc::app::makeOption("opacity", "字幕背景不透明度,取值 20-100", "n", "84"));
parser.addOption(lc::app::makeOption("screenshot", "启动后自动截图并退出(验证渲染用)", "path"));
parser.addOption(lc::app::makeOption("screenshot-delay", "截图前等待秒数", "sec", "6"));
parser.process(app);
const lc::AsrOptions asrOpt = lc::app::asrOptions(parser);
- const lc::StreamOptions sop = lc::app::streamOptions(parser);
+ lc::StreamOptions sop = lc::app::streamOptions(parser);
- lc::Qwen3Asr asr;
- if (!lc::app::loadModel(asr, asrOpt)) return 1;
+ std::string err;
+ std::unique_ptr asr = lc::app::makeAsr(parser, asrOpt, &err);
+ if (!asr) {
+ std::fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", err.c_str());
+ return 1;
+ }
+ if (asr->kind() == lc::AsrKind::NativeStreaming && !parser.isSet("stream-chunk")) {
+ sop.chunkSec = 0.32;
+ }
- return runGui(asr, sop,
+ return runGui(*asr, sop,
parser.value("screenshot"),
parser.value("screenshot-delay").toInt(),
parser.value("opacity").toInt());
diff --git a/data/models.json b/data/models.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8977066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/models.json
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{
+ "version": 1,
+ "comment": "live-caption 的模型注册表。新增模型 = 在这里加一条,不需要改代码。",
+ "models": [
+ {
+ "id": "zipformer-zh-2025",
+ "name": "中文流式(k2-fsa 官方 2025-06-30)",
+ "backend": "sherpa-online",
+ "languages": ["zh"],
+ "license": "Apache-2.0",
+ "note": "154MB,实测中文逐字正确;首个字幕 0.48s,约 0.10 核·秒/秒音频",
+ "files": {
+ "encoder": {
+ "name": "encoder.int8.onnx",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/csukuangfj/sherpa-onnx-streaming-zipformer-zh-int8-2025-06-30/resolve/main/encoder.int8.onnx"
+ },
+ "decoder": {
+ "name": "decoder.onnx",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/csukuangfj/sherpa-onnx-streaming-zipformer-zh-int8-2025-06-30/resolve/main/decoder.onnx"
+ },
+ "joiner": {
+ "name": "joiner.int8.onnx",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/csukuangfj/sherpa-onnx-streaming-zipformer-zh-int8-2025-06-30/resolve/main/joiner.int8.onnx"
+ },
+ "tokens": {
+ "name": "tokens.txt",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/csukuangfj/sherpa-onnx-streaming-zipformer-zh-int8-2025-06-30/resolve/main/tokens.txt"
+ }
+ },
+ "options": {}
+ },
+ {
+ "id": "xasr-zh-en-480",
+ "name": "中英流式(X-ASR-zh-en, 480ms)",
+ "backend": "sherpa-online",
+ "languages": ["zh", "en"],
+ "license": "Apache-2.0",
+ "note": "587MB,实测中英准确率与 Qwen3-ASR 持平;首个字幕 1.44s",
+ "files": {
+ "encoder": {
+ "name": "encoder-480ms.onnx",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/GilgameshWind/X-ASR-zh-en/resolve/main/deployment/models/chunk-480ms-model/encoder-480ms.onnx"
+ },
+ "decoder": {
+ "name": "decoder-480ms.onnx",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/GilgameshWind/X-ASR-zh-en/resolve/main/deployment/models/chunk-480ms-model/decoder-480ms.onnx"
+ },
+ "joiner": {
+ "name": "joiner-480ms.onnx",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/GilgameshWind/X-ASR-zh-en/resolve/main/deployment/models/chunk-480ms-model/joiner-480ms.onnx"
+ },
+ "tokens": {
+ "name": "tokens.txt",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/GilgameshWind/X-ASR-zh-en/resolve/main/deployment/models/chunk-480ms-model/tokens.txt"
+ }
+ },
+ "options": {}
+ },
+ {
+ "id": "nemotron35-560ms",
+ "name": "多语言流式(Nemotron 3.5, 560ms, 含日语)",
+ "backend": "sherpa-online",
+ "languages": ["en", "ja", "ko", "vi", "ru", "ar", "hi", "fr", "de", "es", "it", "pt", "nl", "tr", "uk", "zh"],
+ "license": "OpenMDW-1.1",
+ "note": "651MB,40 种语言 + 内置语言识别;实测中英日都可用但都有瑕疵",
+ "optionsHint": "language",
+ "files": {
+ "encoder": {
+ "name": "encoder.int8.onnx",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/csukuangfj2/sherpa-onnx-nemotron-3.5-asr-streaming-0.6b-560ms-int8-2026-06-11/resolve/main/encoder.int8.onnx"
+ },
+ "decoder": {
+ "name": "decoder.int8.onnx",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/csukuangfj2/sherpa-onnx-nemotron-3.5-asr-streaming-0.6b-560ms-int8-2026-06-11/resolve/main/decoder.int8.onnx"
+ },
+ "joiner": {
+ "name": "joiner.int8.onnx",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/csukuangfj2/sherpa-onnx-nemotron-3.5-asr-streaming-0.6b-560ms-int8-2026-06-11/resolve/main/joiner.int8.onnx"
+ },
+ "tokens": {
+ "name": "tokens.txt",
+ "url": "https://hf-mirror.com/csukuangfj2/sherpa-onnx-nemotron-3.5-asr-streaming-0.6b-560ms-int8-2026-06-11/resolve/main/tokens.txt"
+ }
+ },
+ "options": {}
+ }
+ ]
+}
diff --git a/docs/asr-backends.md b/docs/asr-backends.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..670a28b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/asr-backends.md
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# 推理后端与模型管理
+
+## 结构:2 个实现覆盖所有模型
+
+实测确认了一件很重要的事:**不同模型不需要各写一套代码**。所有流式 ONNX 模型走的是同一套 API,差别只是「指向哪个模型文件 + 几行选项」。
+
+```
+IAsr(src/core/iasr.h)
+├─ Qwen3Asr llama.cpp / ggml GGUF 模型(Qwen3-ASR) AsrKind::PrefixRollback
+└─ SherpaAsr sherpa-onnx / onnxruntime
+ ├─ X-ASR-zh-en 中英流式
+ ├─ zipformer-zh-2025 中文流式(k2-fsa 官方)
+ └─ Nemotron-3.5 40 语言流式(含日语) AsrKind::NativeStreaming
+```
+
+两条路径的区别(`StreamingAsr` 里按 `IAsr::kind()` 分流):
+
+| | PrefixRollback | NativeStreaming |
+|---|---|---|
+| 模型类型 | 离线模型(LLM 解码器) | 有状态流式识别器 |
+| 上层要做的 | 切块 + 前缀回滚 + KV 复用 | 只喂音频,取当前整句文本 |
+| 每步成本 | 随句子长度增长 | 恒定 |
+| 已稳定/不稳定 | 用 token 回滚算 | 用「与上次的公共前缀」算 |
+
+## 模型注册表与存储
+
+**新增模型 = 加一条数据,不改代码。**
+
+- 注册表:`data/models.json`(编译进二进制,同时也给脚本用)
+- 存储位置:`~/.local/share/live-caption/models//`
+ (即 `QStandardPaths::GenericDataLocation + /live-caption/models`)
+- 下载:`scripts/fetch-models.sh [id...]` / `--all`;已存在的文件会跳过
+
+```bash
+./scripts/fetch-models.sh # 列出模型与安装状态
+./scripts/fetch-models.sh zipformer-zh-2025
+```
+
+## 用法
+
+```bash
+# 默认后端:llama.cpp + Qwen3-ASR GGUF
+./build/live-caption-cli --model M.gguf --mmproj MM.gguf
+
+# 流式 ONNX 后端:按注册表 id 从模型目录取
+./build/live-caption-cli --asr-backend sherpa --asr-model zipformer-zh-2025
+./build/live-caption-cli --asr-backend sherpa --asr-model nemotron35-560ms --language ja
+
+# 覆盖模型目录 / 语言提示
+./build/live-caption-cli --asr-backend sherpa --asr-model ... --model-dir /path/to/models
+```
+
+## 实测对比(同一批音频,1 线程)
+
+| 模型 | 中文 | 英文 | 日语 | RTF | 核·秒/秒音频 | 首个字幕 | 体积 | 许可 |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| Qwen3-ASR 0.6B(llama) | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 0.56 | 4.27 | ~2.5s | 973MB | Apache-2.0 |
+| zipformer-zh-2025 | ✅ | — | — | 0.098 | **0.10** | **0.48s** | 167MB | Apache-2.0 |
+| X-ASR-zh-en 480ms | ✅ | ✅ | — | 0.122 | 0.12 | 1.44s | 587MB | Apache-2.0 |
+| Nemotron 3.5 560ms | ⚠️ 漏字 | ⚠️ 若干错词 | ⚠️ 有错字 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 1.12s | 651MB | OpenMDW-1.1 |
+
+> 静态模型(zipformer-zh-2025)的多线程是**负优化**:onnxruntime 对小模型开多线程,
+> 同步/自旋开销会让它更慢(8 线程比 1 线程慢 2.6 倍、CPU 高 28 倍)。所以适配器里固定
+> `threads = 1`。
+
+## 两个坑
+
+1. **sherpa-onnx 的预编译库是旧 C++ ABI**(`_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0`),和 Qt 的新 ABI 冲突,
+ C++ API 链接不上。**必须用它的 C API**(`sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.h`,`extern "C"`,无名字改写)。
+2. **结束时要补一小段静音**(`streamFinish()` 里补 0.3s)再 `InputFinished`,否则最后一个字会被截掉。
+
+## 自动语言识别
+
+| 模型 | 自带 LID |
+|---|---|
+| Qwen3-ASR | ✅ 输出 `language X`(实测中英都准)|
+| Nemotron 3.5 | ✅ `language=auto`,但实测会串(日语开头吐韩文)|
+| X-ASR / zipformer | ❌ 固定语言对,不出语言标签 |
+
+LID 不必由 ASR 模型提供:Chrome 就带了个独立的 2.5MB `ONDEVICE_langid.tflite`(我们在它的语言包目录里看到了),
+Windows 同样。sherpa-onnx 也有专门的语种识别模型。所以**「按语言装包 + 用户选语言或小 LID 模型」**是可行路线。
+
+## 推荐组合(按语言装包)
+
+| 语言 | 实时预览 | 定稿 |
+|---|---|---|
+| 中文 | `zipformer-zh-2025`(最快最准) | Qwen3-ASR |
+| 英文 | `xasr-zh-en-480` | Qwen3-ASR |
+| 日语 | `nemotron35-560ms --language ja`(质量一般) | Qwen3-ASR(开源日语第一) |
+| 其他 | — | Qwen3-ASR(52 语言兜底) |
diff --git a/scripts/fetch-models.sh b/scripts/fetch-models.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1fa09b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/fetch-models.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# 把模型注册表里的模型下载到应用数据目录(QStandardPaths::AppDataLocation)。
+#
+# 用法:
+# ./fetch-models.sh # 列出所有模型和安装状态
+# ./fetch-models.sh [...] # 下载指定模型
+# ./fetch-models.sh --all # 下载全部
+#
+# 目录规则(与程序里 ModelStore 保持一致):
+# ${XDG_DATA_HOME:-~/.local/share}/live-caption/models//
+set -euo pipefail
+
+ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+REG="$ROOT/data/models.json"
+DEST="${XDG_DATA_HOME:-$HOME/.local/share}/live-caption/models"
+
+[ -f "$REG" ] || { echo "找不到注册表: $REG" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+ids=$(python3 -c "
+import json,sys
+d=json.load(open('$REG'))
+print(' '.join(m['id'] for m in d['models']))")
+
+show_status() {
+ python3 - "$REG" "$DEST" <<'PY'
+import json, os, sys
+reg, dest = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
+d = json.load(open(reg))
+for m in d['models']:
+ mid = m['id']; mdir = os.path.join(dest, mid)
+ files = m['files']
+ have = sum(1 for f in files.values() if os.path.exists(os.path.join(mdir, f['name'])))
+ total = len(files)
+ mark = "已安装" if have == total else ("部分" if have else "未安装")
+ langs = ",".join(m['languages'][:4]) + ("…" if len(m['languages']) > 4 else "")
+ print(f" [{have}/{total} {mark}] {mid:22s} {langs:18s} {m.get('license','')}")
+ print(f" {m['name']}")
+PY
+}
+
+download_one() {
+ local id="$1"
+ local dir="$DEST/$id"
+ mkdir -p "$dir"
+ echo "==> $id → $dir"
+ python3 - "$REG" "$id" <<'PY' | while IFS=$'\t' read -r name url; do
+import json, sys
+d = json.load(open(sys.argv[1])); mid = sys.argv[2]
+m = next(x for x in d['models'] if x['id'] == mid)
+for f in m['files'].values():
+ print(f"{f['name']}\t{f['url']}")
+PY
+ if [ -f "$dir/$name" ]; then
+ echo " 已存在,跳过: $name"
+ continue
+ fi
+ echo " 下载 $name"
+ if command -v aria2c >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+ aria2c -x16 -s16 -k4M --summary-interval=0 -d "$dir" -o "$name" "$url" >/dev/null
+ else
+ curl -fL --progress-bar -o "$dir/$name" "$url"
+ fi
+ done
+ echo " 完成"
+}
+
+case "${1:-}" in
+ "" ) echo "模型存储目录: $DEST"; echo; show_status ;;
+ --all) shift; for id in $ids; do download_one "$id"; done ;;
+ *) for id in "$@"; do
+ echo "$ids" | tr ' ' '\n' | grep -qx "$id" || { echo "未知模型: $id" >&2; exit 1; }
+ download_one "$id"
+ done ;;
+esac
diff --git a/src/core/iasr.h b/src/core/iasr.h
index 2bb2d3a..6373770 100644
--- a/src/core/iasr.h
+++ b/src/core/iasr.h
@@ -30,15 +30,29 @@ struct AsrStreamStep {
double inferSeconds = 0.0; // 以上合计
};
+// 推理后端的种类,决定上层用哪条流式路径
+enum class AsrKind {
+ PrefixRollback, // 离线模型 + 前缀回滚(Qwen3-ASR / llama.cpp)
+ NativeStreaming, // 有状态流式识别器(sherpa-onnx 的 transducer 系)
+};
+
// 把推理后端抽象出来,好处是流式策略(StreamingAsr)和实时管线(LivePipeline)
// 可以用一个假的实现来测,不必加载真模型。
class IAsr {
public:
virtual ~IAsr() = default;
+ virtual AsrKind kind() const { return AsrKind::PrefixRollback; }
+
// 期望的输入采样率(Qwen3-ASR 为 16000)
virtual int sampleRate() const = 0;
+ // ---- NativeStreaming 专用 ----
+ // 喂入音频,返回"这一句到目前为止"的完整文本(识别器会随时修正前面的词)
+ virtual std::string streamFeed(const float * /*pcm*/, size_t /*n*/) { return {}; }
+ // 结束这一句(把尾部 flush 出来),返回最终文本
+ virtual std::string streamFinish() { return {}; }
+
// 整段转写:把 prefix 当作"已经生成的 assistant 文本",从那里继续生成
virtual AsrResult transcribeWithPrefix(const float * pcm, size_t nSamples,
const std::string & prefix) = 0;
diff --git a/src/core/sherpaasr.cpp b/src/core/sherpaasr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b65c69e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/sherpaasr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#include "sherpaasr.h"
+
+#include
+#include
+
+#include "sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.h"
+
+namespace lc {
+
+struct SherpaAsr::Impl {
+ Options opt;
+ const SherpaOnnxOnlineRecognizer * rec = nullptr;
+ const SherpaOnnxOnlineStream * stream = nullptr;
+
+ std::string resultText() const
+ {
+ if (!rec || !stream) return {};
+ const SherpaOnnxOnlineRecognizerResult * r =
+ SherpaOnnxGetOnlineStreamResult(rec, stream);
+ if (!r) return {};
+ std::string text = r->text ? r->text : "";
+ SherpaOnnxDestroyOnlineRecognizerResult(r);
+ return text;
+ }
+
+ void drain()
+ {
+ while (rec && stream && SherpaOnnxIsOnlineStreamReady(rec, stream)) {
+ SherpaOnnxDecodeOnlineStream(rec, stream);
+ }
+ }
+};
+
+SherpaAsr::SherpaAsr() : d(new Impl) {}
+
+SherpaAsr::~SherpaAsr()
+{
+ if (!d) return;
+ if (d->stream) SherpaOnnxDestroyOnlineStream(d->stream);
+ if (d->rec) SherpaOnnxDestroyOnlineRecognizer(d->rec);
+ delete d;
+}
+
+bool SherpaAsr::load(const Options & opt, std::string * error)
+{
+ const auto fail = [error](const std::string & msg) {
+ if (error) *error = msg;
+ return false;
+ };
+
+ d->opt = opt;
+
+ SherpaOnnxOnlineRecognizerConfig cfg;
+ std::memset(&cfg, 0, sizeof(cfg));
+ cfg.feat_config.sample_rate = 16000;
+ cfg.feat_config.feature_dim = 80;
+ cfg.model_config.transducer.encoder = opt.encoder.c_str();
+ cfg.model_config.transducer.decoder = opt.decoder.c_str();
+ cfg.model_config.transducer.joiner = opt.joiner.c_str();
+ cfg.model_config.tokens = opt.tokens.c_str();
+ cfg.model_config.num_threads = opt.threads;
+ cfg.model_config.provider = "cpu";
+ cfg.model_config.modeling_unit = "";
+ cfg.decoding_method = "greedy_search";
+ cfg.max_active_paths = 4;
+ cfg.enable_endpoint = 0; // 分段由我们的 VAD 负责
+
+ d->rec = SherpaOnnxCreateOnlineRecognizer(&cfg);
+ if (!d->rec) return fail("创建 sherpa-onnx 识别器失败(检查模型文件)");
+
+ d->stream = SherpaOnnxCreateOnlineStream(d->rec);
+ if (!d->stream) return fail("创建 sherpa-onnx 流失败");
+ if (!opt.language.empty()) {
+ SherpaOnnxOnlineStreamSetOption(d->stream, "language", opt.language.c_str());
+ }
+ return true;
+}
+
+std::string SherpaAsr::streamFeed(const float * pcm, size_t n)
+{
+ if (!d->rec || !d->stream) return {};
+ SherpaOnnxOnlineStreamAcceptWaveform(d->stream, 16000, pcm, (int32_t) n);
+ d->drain();
+ return d->resultText();
+}
+
+std::string SherpaAsr::streamFinish()
+{
+ if (!d->rec || !d->stream) return {};
+ // 先补一小段静音再结束,否则最后一个字常常来不及输出
+ const size_t pad = (size_t) (16000 * 0.3);
+ const std::vector silence(pad, 0.0f);
+ SherpaOnnxOnlineStreamAcceptWaveform(d->stream, 16000, silence.data(), (int32_t) pad);
+ d->drain();
+ // 通知不再有输入,把尾部一并解出来
+ SherpaOnnxOnlineStreamInputFinished(d->stream);
+ d->drain();
+ return d->resultText();
+}
+
+void SherpaAsr::streamReset()
+{
+ if (!d->rec || !d->stream) return;
+ SherpaOnnxOnlineStreamReset(d->rec, d->stream);
+}
+
+AsrResult SherpaAsr::transcribeWithPrefix(const float *, size_t, const std::string &)
+{
+ AsrResult r;
+ r.ok = false;
+ r.error = "该后端只支持原生流式(NativeStreaming),不支持整段/前缀回滚模式";
+ return r;
+}
+
+AsrStreamStep SherpaAsr::streamAppend(const float *, size_t, const std::string &, int)
+{
+ AsrStreamStep s;
+ s.ok = false;
+ s.error = "该后端只支持原生流式(NativeStreaming),请用 streamFeed()";
+ return s;
+}
+
+AsrStreamStep SherpaAsr::streamAppendTurn(const float *, size_t, int)
+{
+ AsrStreamStep s;
+ s.ok = false;
+ s.error = "该后端只支持原生流式(NativeStreaming),请用 streamFeed()";
+ return s;
+}
+
+} // namespace lc
diff --git a/src/core/sherpaasr.h b/src/core/sherpaasr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6848471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/sherpaasr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include
+
+#include "iasr.h"
+
+struct SherpaOnnxOnlineRecognizer;
+struct SherpaOnnxOnlineStream;
+
+namespace lc {
+
+// sherpa-onnx 的流式识别器(X-ASR / zipformer / Nemotron …)。
+//
+// 用的是它的 **C API** 而不是 C++ API:预编译库是用旧 C++ ABI
+// (_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0)编的,和 Qt 的新 ABI 不兼容;C API 是 extern "C",
+// 不经过 C++ 名字改写,没有这个问题。
+//
+// 这类模型是**有状态流式**:喂音频 → 随时取当前整句文本(会修正前面的词)。
+class SherpaAsr : public IAsr {
+public:
+ struct Options {
+ std::string encoder;
+ std::string decoder;
+ std::string joiner;
+ std::string tokens;
+ int threads = 1; // 注意:这类模型单线程反而最快
+ std::string language; // 多语言模型(如 Nemotron)用;空 = 不设置
+ };
+
+ SherpaAsr();
+ ~SherpaAsr() override;
+
+ SherpaAsr(const SherpaAsr &) = delete;
+ SherpaAsr & operator=(const SherpaAsr &) = delete;
+
+ bool load(const Options & opt, std::string * error);
+
+ AsrKind kind() const override { return AsrKind::NativeStreaming; }
+ int sampleRate() const override { return 16000; }
+
+ std::string streamFeed(const float * pcm, size_t n) override;
+ std::string streamFinish() override;
+ void streamReset() override;
+
+ // 这些只对 PrefixRollback 后端有意义;这里给出明确的失败信息
+ AsrResult transcribeWithPrefix(const float *, size_t, const std::string &) override;
+ AsrStreamStep streamAppend(const float *, size_t, const std::string &, int) override;
+ AsrStreamStep streamAppendTurn(const float *, size_t, int) override;
+ std::string dropLastTokens(const std::string & text, int) const override { return text; }
+
+private:
+ struct Impl;
+ Impl * d = nullptr;
+};
+
+} // namespace lc
diff --git a/src/core/streamingasr.cpp b/src/core/streamingasr.cpp
index b7b8d0d..bbaf949 100644
--- a/src/core/streamingasr.cpp
+++ b/src/core/streamingasr.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,37 @@
#include "streamingasr.h"
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
#include "transcript.h"
namespace lc {
+namespace {
+
+// 去掉首尾空白(含末尾空格),用于 sherpa 这类可能带前导空格的输出
+std::string trimAscii(const std::string & s)
+{
+ const auto notSpace = [](unsigned char c) { return !std::isspace(c); };
+ auto b = std::find_if(s.begin(), s.end(), notSpace);
+ auto e = std::find_if(s.rbegin(), s.rend(), notSpace).base();
+ if (b >= e) return {};
+ return std::string(b, e);
+}
+
+// 两个字符串的最长公共前缀,切在 UTF-8 字符边界上
+size_t utf8Lcp(const std::string & a, const std::string & b)
+{
+ const size_t n = std::min(a.size(), b.size());
+ size_t i = 0;
+ while (i < n && a[i] == b[i]) ++i;
+ while (i > 0 && (static_cast(a[i]) & 0xC0) == 0x80) --i;
+ return i;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
StreamingAsr::StreamingAsr(IAsr & asr, StreamOptions opt)
: asr_(asr), opt_(opt)
{
@@ -18,6 +46,7 @@ void StreamingAsr::reset()
totalSeconds_ = 0.0;
committedRaw_.clear();
lastRawFull_.clear();
+ previousFull_.clear();
language_.clear();
chunkIndex_ = 0;
}
@@ -50,6 +79,14 @@ void StreamingAsr::feed(const float * pcm, size_t n,
void StreamingAsr::flush(const std::function & onStep)
{
+ // 原生流式:把尾部 flush 出来即收尾(streamFinish 会补齐最后一个字)
+ if (asr_.kind() == AsrKind::NativeStreaming) {
+ std::vector chunk;
+ chunk.swap(pending_);
+ runStep(chunk, true, onStep);
+ return;
+ }
+
if (!pending_.empty()) {
std::vector chunk;
chunk.swap(pending_);
@@ -86,6 +123,44 @@ void StreamingAsr::flush(const std::function & onStep)
void StreamingAsr::runStep(const std::vector & audio, bool finalStep,
const std::function & onStep)
{
+ // ---- 原生流式(sherpa-onnx 这类有状态识别器)----
+ // 它自己维护状态并随时给出整句文本,会修正前面的词;我们只负责:
+ // 1) 把音频喂进去
+ // 2) 用"与上一次的公共前缀"作为已稳定部分,其余算不稳定尾部
+ if (asr_.kind() == AsrKind::NativeStreaming) {
+ Step s;
+ s.chunkIndex = chunkIndex_;
+
+ const auto t0 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+ std::string cur;
+ if (!audio.empty()) cur = asr_.streamFeed(audio.data(), audio.size());
+ if (finalStep) cur = asr_.streamFinish();
+ const auto t1 = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+ s.ok = true;
+ s.inferSeconds = std::chrono::duration(t1 - t0).count();
+ s.full = trimAscii(cur);
+
+ const std::string stable = s.full.substr(0, utf8Lcp(previousFull_, s.full));
+ previousFull_ = s.full;
+ s.committed = stable;
+ s.tail = s.full.substr(stable.size());
+ s.language = language_;
+
+ totalSeconds_ += (double) audio.size() / asr_.sampleRate();
+ s.windowSeconds = totalSeconds_;
+
+ ++chunkIndex_;
+ if (onStep) onStep(s);
+
+ if (finalStep) {
+ // 这一句结束:并入历史,等下一次 reset()
+ historyText_ += s.full;
+ previousFull_.clear();
+ }
+ return;
+ }
+
// 冷启动阶段不给前缀;之后把"已稳定文本"回喂给模型
const std::string prefix =
(chunkIndex_ >= opt_.unfixedChunkNum) ? committedRaw_ : std::string();
diff --git a/src/core/streamingasr.h b/src/core/streamingasr.h
index 27de93c..20757db 100644
--- a/src/core/streamingasr.h
+++ b/src/core/streamingasr.h
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ private:
double totalSeconds_ = 0.0;
std::string committedRaw_; // 当前段的原始已提交文本(含 language 头,用于回喂)
std::string lastRawFull_; // 上一次完整的原始文本(含不稳定尾部)
+ std::string previousFull_; // 原生流式:上一次的完整文本(用来算已稳定的前缀)
std::string historyText_; // 此前各段已提交的正文(已剥离 language 头)
std::string language_;
int chunkIndex_ = 0;
diff --git a/src/models/modelstore.cpp b/src/models/modelstore.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a422fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/models/modelstore.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#include "modelstore.h"
+
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+#include
+
+namespace lc::models {
+
+namespace {
+
+QString g_rootOverride;
+
+const std::vector & parseRegistry()
+{
+ static std::vector cache;
+ static bool loaded = false;
+ if (loaded) return cache;
+ loaded = true;
+
+ QFile f(QStringLiteral(":/data/models.json"));
+ if (!f.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
+ qWarning("无法读取内嵌的模型注册表");
+ return cache;
+ }
+ const QJsonDocument doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(f.readAll());
+ for (const QJsonValue & v : doc.object().value(QStringLiteral("models")).toArray()) {
+ const QJsonObject o = v.toObject();
+ ModelInfo m;
+ m.id = o.value(QStringLiteral("id")).toString();
+ m.name = o.value(QStringLiteral("name")).toString();
+ m.license = o.value(QStringLiteral("license")).toString();
+ m.note = o.value(QStringLiteral("note")).toString();
+ m.backend = (o.value(QStringLiteral("backend")).toString() == QLatin1String("llama-cpp"))
+ ? Backend::LlamaCpp
+ : Backend::SherpaOnline;
+ for (const QJsonValue & l : o.value(QStringLiteral("languages")).toArray()) {
+ m.languages << l.toString();
+ }
+ const QJsonObject files = o.value(QStringLiteral("files")).toObject();
+ for (auto it = files.begin(); it != files.end(); ++it) {
+ const QJsonObject fo = it.value().toObject();
+ m.files.push_back({it.key(),
+ fo.value(QStringLiteral("name")).toString(),
+ fo.value(QStringLiteral("url")).toString()});
+ }
+ cache.push_back(std::move(m));
+ }
+ return cache;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+void ModelStore::setRootOverride(const QString & dir) { g_rootOverride = dir; }
+
+QString ModelStore::root()
+{
+ if (!g_rootOverride.isEmpty()) return g_rootOverride;
+ // 用 GenericDataLocation(~/.local/share)+ 固定名,保证 CLI/GUI 一致,
+ // 也和 scripts/fetch-models.sh 的目录规则对得上。
+ const QString base = QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::GenericDataLocation);
+ return base + QStringLiteral("/live-caption/models");
+}
+
+QString ModelStore::dirFor(const QString & id) { return root() + QLatin1Char('/') + id; }
+
+QString ModelInfo::filePath(const QString & key) const
+{
+ for (const ModelFile & f : files) {
+ if (f.key == key) return ModelStore::dirFor(id) + QLatin1Char('/') + f.name;
+ }
+ return {};
+}
+
+const std::vector & ModelStore::registry() { return parseRegistry(); }
+
+const ModelInfo * ModelStore::find(const QString & id)
+{
+ for (const ModelInfo & m : registry()) {
+ if (m.id == id) return &m;
+ }
+ return nullptr;
+}
+
+bool ModelStore::isInstalled(const ModelInfo & m, QStringList * missing)
+{
+ bool ok = true;
+ for (const ModelFile & f : m.files) {
+ const QString p = ModelStore::dirFor(m.id) + QLatin1Char('/') + f.name;
+ if (!QFileInfo::exists(p) || QFileInfo(p).size() == 0) {
+ ok = false;
+ if (missing) *missing << f.name;
+ }
+ }
+ return ok;
+}
+
+const ModelInfo * ModelStore::pickForLanguage(const QString & lang)
+{
+ // 先找语言列表里明确包含该语言、且已安装的
+ for (const ModelInfo & m : registry()) {
+ if (m.languages.contains(lang) && isInstalled(m)) return &m;
+ }
+ return nullptr;
+}
+
+} // namespace lc::models
diff --git a/src/models/modelstore.h b/src/models/modelstore.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e33ae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/models/modelstore.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include
+#include
+
+#include
+
+// 模型注册表与存储。
+//
+// 存储位置遵循 XDG:/models//,即
+// ~/.local/share/live-caption/models//
+// 注册表是 data/models.json(编译进二进制),新增模型只加一条数据,不改代码。
+namespace lc::models {
+
+enum class Backend {
+ SherpaOnline, // sherpa-onnx 的流式识别器(X-ASR / zipformer / Nemotron …)
+ LlamaCpp, // ggml / llama.cpp(GGUF,例如 Qwen3-ASR)
+};
+
+struct ModelFile {
+ QString key; // encoder / decoder / joiner / tokens / model / mmproj
+ QString name; // 文件名
+ QString url; // 下载地址
+};
+
+struct ModelInfo {
+ QString id;
+ QString name;
+ QString license;
+ QString note;
+ Backend backend = Backend::SherpaOnline;
+ QStringList languages;
+ std::vector files;
+
+ QString filePath(const QString & key) const; // //
+};
+
+class ModelStore {
+public:
+ static QString root(); // 模型根目录
+ static QString dirFor(const QString & id);
+
+ static const std::vector & registry();
+ static const ModelInfo * find(const QString & id);
+
+ // 文件是否齐全;missing 返回缺失文件名
+ static bool isInstalled(const ModelInfo & m, QStringList * missing = nullptr);
+
+ // 按语言挑一个已安装的模型(优先语言列表里排前的)
+ static const ModelInfo * pickForLanguage(const QString & lang);
+
+ // 手工指定模型目录时,用这个覆盖 root()
+ static void setRootOverride(const QString & dir);
+};
+
+} // namespace lc::models