refactor: finish refactor of kernel

kernel/Cargo.lock

@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "anyhow"
+version = "1.0.103"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2a4385e2e34eb35d6b3efe798b9eb88096925d87726c0798709bf56d9ed84af3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.5.1"
@@ -146,9 +152,11 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "lcrconn-cli"
 version = "1.0.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
  "clap",
  "lcrconn",
- "thiserror",
+ "strum",
+ "strum_macros",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

kernel/Cargo.toml

@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ resolver = "3"
 members = ["lcrconn", "lcrconn-cli"]
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-thiserror = "2.0.12"
+

kernel/lcrconn-cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
-thiserror = { workspace = true }
+anyhow = "1.0.103"
 lcrconn = { path="../lcrconn" }
 clap = { version="4.5.48", features=["derive"]}
+strum = "=0.28.0"
+strum_macros = "=0.28.0"

kernel/lcrconn-cli/src/app.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+use crate::cli::{AppConfig, AppResolver};
+use anyhow::Result;
+use lcrconn::{
+    BfsResolver, DeviceKind, LutResolver, Request, Resolver, Response, ResponsePriority,
+    common::{Circuit, CircuitDeviceScale, JointKind, validate_device_value, validate_floating_point},
+    spec::{SpecCatalog, from_human_readable_value, to_human_readable_value},
+    query::MAX_RESPONSE_CNT,
+};
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+use strum_macros::EnumString;
+
+// region: App Utility Enums
+
+/// The command for the main menu.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, EnumString)]
+enum MainCmd {
+    #[strum(serialize = "query")]
+    Query,
+    #[strum(serialize = "help")]
+    Help,
+    #[strum(serialize = "exit")]
+    Exit,
+}
+
+/// The device choice for query.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, EnumString)]
+enum QueryDeviceChoice {
+    #[strum(serialize = "r")]
+    Resistor,
+    #[strum(serialize = "c")]
+    Capacitor,
+    #[strum(serialize = "l")]
+    Inductor,
+}
+
+impl QueryDeviceChoice {
+    fn to_device_kind(self) -> DeviceKind {
+        match self {
+            Self::Resistor => DeviceKind::Resistor,
+            Self::Capacitor => DeviceKind::Capacitor,
+            Self::Inductor => DeviceKind::Inductor,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The sort priority for query results.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, EnumString)]
+enum QuerySortPriority {
+    #[strum(serialize = "l")]
+    LessDevices,
+    #[strum(serialize = "a")]
+    MoreAccuracy,
+}
+
+impl QuerySortPriority {
+    fn to_response_priority(self) -> ResponsePriority {
+        match self {
+            Self::LessDevices => ResponsePriority::LessDevices,
+            Self::MoreAccuracy => ResponsePriority::MoreAccuracy,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The command for the page viewer.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, EnumString)]
+enum PageViewerCmd {
+    #[strum(serialize = "f")]
+    PreviousPage,
+    #[strum(serialize = "b")]
+    NextPage,
+    #[strum(serialize = "q")]
+    Quit,
+}
+
+// endregion
+
+// region: App Utility Functions
+
+/// Read a single line from stdin, trimmed of surrounding whitespace.
+fn read_line() -> Result<String> {
+    let mut line = String::new();
+    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line)?;
+    Ok(line.trim().to_string())
+}
+
+/// Get the unit string for a device kind.
+fn get_device_unit(device_kind: DeviceKind) -> &'static str {
+    match device_kind {
+        // YYC MARK: This is ohm char.
+        DeviceKind::Resistor => "\u{2126}",
+        DeviceKind::Capacitor => "F",
+        DeviceKind::Inductor => "H",
+    }
+}
+
+// endregion
+
+/// The app.
+pub struct App {
+    /// The resolver for the app.
+    resolver: Box<dyn Resolver>,
+}
+
+impl App {
+    /// Create a new app with the given configuration.
+    pub fn new(config: AppConfig) -> Result<Self> {
+        let sepcs = SpecCatalog::from_file(
+            config.get_resistor_spec(),
+            config.get_capacitor_specs(),
+            config.get_inductor_specs(),
+        )?;
+
+        let resolver: Box<dyn Resolver> = match config.get_resolver() {
+            AppResolver::Lut => Box::new(LutResolver::new(&sepcs)?),
+            AppResolver::Bfs => Box::new(BfsResolver::new(sepcs)),
+        };
+
+        Ok(Self { resolver })
+    }
+
+    /// Run the app.
+    pub fn run(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        println!("LCR Connector");
+        println!(r#"Type "help" for more info. Type "exit" to quit."#);
+        self.op_main()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // region: Subcommand Processors
+
+    fn op_main(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        loop {
+            match self.accept_command::<MainCmd>()? {
+                MainCmd::Query => self.op_query()?,
+                MainCmd::Help => {
+                    println!("LCR Connector Help:");
+                    println!();
+                    println!("query: do a query.");
+                    println!("help: show all command.");
+                    println!("exit: exit this app.");
+                }
+                MainCmd::Exit => break,
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn op_query(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        // collecting request infos
+        println!("What are you connecting?");
+        println!("r: resistor");
+        println!("l: inductor");
+        println!("c: capacitor");
+        let device_kind = self.accept_command::<QueryDeviceChoice>()?.to_device_kind();
+
+        println!("Your target value?");
+        println!(r#"Example: "2.1k", "0.75m", "3.2M" and etc."#);
+        let target_value = self.accept_device_value()?;
+
+        println!("Your tolerance?");
+        println!(r#"It can be absolute value like "2.1k"."#);
+        println!(r#"Or relative value to your target value like "19.5%"."#);
+        let tolerance = self.accept_device_value_tolerance(target_value)?;
+
+        println!("How to sort result?");
+        println!("a: more accuracy");
+        println!("l: less component");
+        let response_priority = self
+            .accept_command::<QuerySortPriority>()?
+            .to_response_priority();
+
+        println!("How may result are you expected?");
+        let count_limit = self.accept_count_value()?;
+
+        // build request and ask resolver
+        let request = Request::new(
+            device_kind,
+            target_value,
+            tolerance,
+            response_priority,
+            count_limit,
+        )?;
+        let response = self.resolver.resolve(&request)?;
+
+        // use page viewer to show result
+        self.op_page_viewer(&response)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn op_page_viewer(&self, response: &Response) -> Result<()> {
+        let cnt = response.len();
+        if cnt == 0 {
+            println!("Sorry, no result!");
+            println!("Please consider adjusting your requirements and try again.");
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        const ITEMS_PER_PAGE: usize = 10;
+        let all_page = cnt / ITEMS_PER_PAGE;
+        let mut current_page = 0usize;
+
+        loop {
+            // print list
+            for i in 0..ITEMS_PER_PAGE - 1 {
+                // build index and check it
+                let index = current_page * (ITEMS_PER_PAGE - 1) + i;
+                if index >= cnt {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // and print it
+                self.illustrate_response(response, index)?;
+            }
+
+            // print page footer
+            println!();
+            println!("Page {} of {}.", current_page + 1, all_page + 1);
+            println!("f: previous page. b: next page. q: quit this viewer.");
+            // check command
+            match self.accept_command::<PageViewerCmd>()? {
+                PageViewerCmd::PreviousPage => current_page = current_page.saturating_sub(1),
+                PageViewerCmd::NextPage => current_page = all_page.min(current_page + 1),
+                PageViewerCmd::Quit => break,
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // endregion
+
+    // region: Command Utilities
+
+    /// Accept a command from the user.
+    ///
+    /// Loops until a valid command is entered.
+    fn accept_command<T>(&self) -> Result<T>
+    where
+        T: FromStr,
+    {
+        loop {
+            self.show_prompt_arrow()?;
+            let words = read_line()?;
+            if words.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            match words.parse::<T>() {
+                Ok(cmd) => return Ok(cmd),
+                Err(_) => println!("Unknown command, please try again."),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Accept a count value from the user.
+    fn accept_count_value(&self) -> Result<usize> {
+        loop {
+            self.show_prompt_arrow()?;
+            let words = read_line()?;
+            if words.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            match words.parse::<usize>() {
+                Ok(value) => {
+                    if value > MAX_RESPONSE_CNT || value == 0 {
+                        println!("Wrong value, please try again.");
+                    } else {
+                        return Ok(value);
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(_) => {
+                    println!("Wrong value, please try again.");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Accept a device value from the user.
+    fn accept_device_value(&self) -> Result<f64> {
+        loop {
+            self.show_prompt_arrow()?;
+            let words = read_line()?;
+            if words.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let value = self.parse_human_readable_value(&words);
+            match value {
+                Some(v) => return Ok(v),
+                None => println!("Wrong value, please try again."),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Accept a tolerance value from the user.
+    ///
+    /// The tolerance can be an absolute value (like "2.1k") or a percentage
+    /// relative to the target value (like "19.5%").
+    fn accept_device_value_tolerance(&self, target_value: f64) -> Result<f64> {
+        loop {
+            self.show_prompt_arrow()?;
+            let words = read_line()?;
+            if words.is_empty() {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let value: Option<f64> = if let Some(pct_str) = words.strip_suffix('%') {
+                let value = self.parse_plain_float(pct_str, |x| *x >= 0.0 && *x <= 100.0);
+                value
+                    .map(|v| v / 100.0 * target_value)
+                    .map(|v| validate_device_value(v))
+                    .transpose()
+                    .ok()
+                    .flatten()
+            } else {
+                self.parse_human_readable_value(&words)
+            };
+
+            match value {
+                Some(v) => return Ok(v),
+                None => println!("Wrong value, please try again."),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn show_prompt_arrow(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        print!("> ");
+        std::io::stdout().flush()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a plain float value.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `user_value` - The value to parse.
+    /// * `checker` - A function that checks if the input is valid.
+    ///   It takes a float as input and returns a bool. True means the input is valid,
+    ///   otherwise False.
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// The parsed value if it is valid, otherwise `None`.
+    fn parse_plain_float(&self, user_value: &str, checker: impl Fn(&f64) -> bool) -> Option<f64> {
+        // try parsing it first then check it by checker
+        let value = match user_value.parse::<f64>() {
+            Ok(value) => value,
+            Err(_) => return None,
+        };
+        let value = validate_floating_point(value).ok()?;
+        if checker(&value) { Some(value) } else { None }
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a human-readable device value.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    ///
+    /// * `user_value` - The value to parse.
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// The parsed value if it is valid and positive, otherwise `None`.
+    fn parse_human_readable_value(&self, user_value: &str) -> Option<f64> {
+        // parse it
+        let value = from_human_readable_value(user_value).ok()?;
+        // then check its range
+        if value > 0.0 { Some(value) } else { None }
+    }
+
+    // endregion
+
+    // region: Response Display Utilities
+
+    /// Format a device value for display in the circuit graph.
+    fn to_circuit_graph_value(&self, value: f64, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> String {
+        // Remove sign and append device unit
+        let hr = to_human_readable_value(value);
+        let without_sign = &hr[1..];
+        format!("{}{}", without_sign, get_device_unit(device_kind))
+    }
+
+    /// Format a device value for the plan header.
+    fn to_plan_head_value(&self, value: f64, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> String {
+        // Remove sign and append device unit
+        let hr = to_human_readable_value(value);
+        let without_sign = &hr[1..];
+        format!("{}{}", without_sign, get_device_unit(device_kind))
+    }
+
+    /// Format a difference value for the plan header.
+    fn to_plan_head_diff(&self, value: f64, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> String {
+        // Keep the sign and append device unit
+        format!(
+            "{}{}",
+            to_human_readable_value(value),
+            get_device_unit(device_kind)
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Format a relative difference as percentage.
+    fn to_plan_head_diff_pct(&self, value: f64) -> String {
+        // Keep the sign and format it as percentage style without trailing device unit
+        format!("{:.2}%", value * 100.0)
+    }
+
+    // YYC MARK:
+    // The function showing circuit graph should be maintained carefully.
+    // First, we want they are show in console properly,
+    // And we also want they have good code view.
+    //
+    // I notices that the number part of the output of `to_human_readable_value` will only be
+    // "+999.9999" or "+9.9999e+00". So its maximum of its length is 11, considering the possibility,
+    // that the absolute value of exponential part is larger than 99, is close to zero.
+    // After putting the scale unit and device unit together like " nF",
+    // the whole maximum size of the built string is 14.
+    //
+    // So we need pick a larger number and odd number for the space for showing device value,
+    // because odd value can be divided by two so it can be split as two parts equally
+    // for the convenient alignment of some circuit graphs.
+    // My picked value is 16.
+    // So you will see that I use `:^16` for a center alignment to given string.
+    //
+    // After this, we also need set the padding value carefully.
+    // This value should consider the length of f-string syntax, pre-defined chars and required chars.
+    // To make sure a pretty showcase both in code and display.
+
+    /// Illustrate a response item.
+    fn illustrate_response(&self, response: &Response, index: usize) -> Result<()> {
+        let item = response.get(index).expect("unexpected invalid index");
+        let device_kind = response.device_kind();
+        // print header
+        println!(
+            "Plan {:<4} Value: {:<16} Diff: {} ({})",
+            index + 1,
+            self.to_plan_head_value(item.value(), device_kind),
+            self.to_plan_head_diff(item.difference(), device_kind),
+            self.to_plan_head_diff_pct(item.relative_difference()),
+        );
+        // print circuit graph
+        self.illustrate_circuit(item.circuit(), device_kind)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Illustrate a circuit based on its device scale.
+    fn illustrate_circuit(
+        &self,
+        circuit: &Circuit,
+        device_kind: DeviceKind,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        match circuit.device_scale() {
+            CircuitDeviceScale::One => {
+                self.illustrate_one_device_circuit(circuit, device_kind);
+            }
+            CircuitDeviceScale::Two => {
+                self.illustrate_two_device_circuit(circuit, device_kind)?;
+            }
+            CircuitDeviceScale::Three => {
+                self.illustrate_three_device_circuit(circuit, device_kind)?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Illustrate a one-device circuit.
+    fn illustrate_one_device_circuit(&self, circuit: &Circuit, device_kind: DeviceKind) {
+        let dev1 = self.to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.first_device_value(), device_kind);
+        println!("──[{:^16}]──", dev1);
+    }
+
+    /// Illustrate a two-device circuit.
+    fn illustrate_two_device_circuit(
+        &self,
+        circuit: &Circuit,
+        device_kind: DeviceKind,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let dev1 = self.to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.first_device_value(), device_kind);
+        let j2 = circuit.second_device_joint()?;
+        let dev2 = self.to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.second_device_value()?, device_kind);
+        match j2 {
+            JointKind::Series => {
+                println!("──[{:^16}]──[{:^16}]──", dev1, dev2);
+            }
+            JointKind::Parallel => {
+                let sep0 = " ".repeat(6 + (16 - 10));
+                println!("  ┌──[{:^16}]──┐  ", dev1);
+                println!("──┤   {}       ├──", sep0);
+                println!("  └──[{:^16}]──┘  ", dev2);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Illustrate a three-device circuit.
+    fn illustrate_three_device_circuit(
+        &self,
+        circuit: &Circuit,
+        device_kind: DeviceKind,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let dev1 = self.to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.first_device_value(), device_kind);
+        let j2 = circuit.second_device_joint()?;
+        let dev2 = self.to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.second_device_value()?, device_kind);
+        let j3 = circuit.third_device_joint()?;
+        let dev3 = self.to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.third_device_value()?, device_kind);
+        match j2 {
+            JointKind::Series => match j3 {
+                JointKind::Series => {
+                    // All in series
+                    println!("──[{dev1:^16}]──[{dev2:^16}]──[{dev3:^16}]──");
+                }
+                JointKind::Parallel => {
+                    // First series then parallel
+                    let sep0 = "─".repeat(6 + ((16 - 10) / 2));
+                    let sep1 = " ".repeat(6 + 2 * (16 - 10));
+                    println!("  ┌──[{dev1:^16}]──[{dev2:^16}]──┐  ");
+                    println!("──┤   {sep1}                     ├──");
+                    println!("  └───{sep0}[{dev3:^16}]{sep0}───┘  ");
+                }
+            },
+            JointKind::Parallel => match j3 {
+                JointKind::Series => {
+                    // First parallel then series
+                    let sep0 = " ".repeat(6 + (16 - 10));
+                    println!("   {sep0}       ┌──[{dev1:^16}]──┐  ");
+                    println!("──[{dev3:^16}]──┤   {sep0}       ├──");
+                    println!("   {sep0}       └──[{dev2:^16}]──┘  ");
+                }
+                JointKind::Parallel => {
+                    // All in parallel
+                    println!("  ┌──[{dev1:^16}]──┐  ");
+                    println!("──┼──[{dev2:^16}]──┼──");
+                    println!("  └──[{dev3:^16}]──┘  ");
+                }
+            },
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // endregion
+}

kernel/lcrconn-cli/src/cli.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+use clap::{Parser, ValueEnum};
+
+/// The configuration for the app.
+pub struct AppConfig {
+    /// The resolver for the app.
+    resolver: AppResolver,
+    /// The path to the resistor specs file.
+    resistor_specs: PathBuf,
+    /// The path to the capacitor specs file.
+    capacitor_specs: PathBuf,
+    /// The path to the inductor specs file.
+    inductor_specs: PathBuf,
+}
+
+impl AppConfig {
+    /// Get the resolver.
+    pub fn get_resolver(&self) -> &AppResolver {
+        &self.resolver
+    }
+    /// Get the path to the resistor specs file.
+    pub fn get_resistor_spec(&self) -> &Path {
+        &self.resistor_specs
+    }
+    /// Get the path to the capacitor specs file.
+    pub fn get_capacitor_specs(&self) -> &Path {
+        &self.capacitor_specs
+    }
+    /// Get the path to the inductor specs file.
+    pub fn get_inductor_specs(&self) -> &Path {
+        &self.inductor_specs
+    }
+}
+
+/// The resolver for the app.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum AppResolver {
+    /// The look-up table resolver.
+    #[value(name = "lut")]
+    Lut,
+    /// The BFS resolver.
+    #[value(name = "bfs")]
+    Bfs,
+}
+
+/// Get the resistor, capacitor, or inductor circuit which has the closest value
+/// for your given value within at most 3 devices.
+#[derive(Parser)]
+#[command(
+    name = "LCR Connector",
+    version,
+    about = "Get the resistor, capacitor, or inductor circuit which has the closest value for your given value within at most 3 devices."
+)]
+struct Cli {
+    /// The resolver you want to use.
+    #[arg(short = 's', long = "resolver", required = true, value_enum)]
+    resolver: AppResolver,
+
+    /// The path to the resistor specs file.
+    #[arg(
+        short = 'r',
+        long = "resistor",
+        required = true,
+        value_name = "RESISTOR.TXT"
+    )]
+    resistor_specs: PathBuf,
+
+    /// The path to the inductor specs file.
+    #[arg(
+        short = 'l',
+        long = "inductor",
+        required = true,
+        value_name = "INDUCTOR.TXT"
+    )]
+    inductor_specs: PathBuf,
+
+    /// The path to the capacitor specs file.
+    #[arg(
+        short = 'c',
+        long = "capacitor",
+        required = true,
+        value_name = "CAPACITOR.TXT"
+    )]
+    capacitor_specs: PathBuf,
+}
+
+impl From<Cli> for AppConfig {
+    fn from(args: Cli) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            resolver: args.resolver,
+            resistor_specs: args.resistor_specs,
+            capacitor_specs: args.capacitor_specs,
+            inductor_specs: args.inductor_specs,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn parse_args() -> AppConfig {
+    let args = Cli::parse();
+    let config = AppConfig::from(args);
+    config
+}

kernel/lcrconn-cli/src/main.rs

@@ -1,641 +1,15 @@
-use std::io::{self, Write};
-use std::path::PathBuf;
-
-use clap::Parser;
-use lcrconn::{
-    from_human_readable_value, to_human_readable_value, BfsResolver, Circuit, CircuitDeviceScale,
-    DatasetCollection, DeviceKind, JointKind, LcrConnError, LutResolver, Request, Resolver,
-    Response, ResponsePriority, MAX_RESPONSE_CNT,
-};
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Command-line arguments
-// ============================================================================
-
-/// The resolver for the app.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, clap::ValueEnum)]
-pub enum AppResolver {
-    /// The look-up table resolver.
-    #[value(name = "lut")]
-    Lut,
-    /// The BFS resolver.
-    #[value(name = "bfs")]
-    Bfs,
-}
-
-/// The configuration for the app.
-struct AppConfig {
-    /// The resolver for the app.
-    resolver: AppResolver,
-    /// The path to the resistor dataset file.
-    resistor_dataset: PathBuf,
-    /// The path to the capacitor dataset file.
-    capacitor_dataset: PathBuf,
-    /// The path to the inductor dataset file.
-    inductor_dataset: PathBuf,
-}
-
-/// Get the resistor, capacitor, or inductor circuit which has the closest value
-/// for your given value within at most 3 devices.
-#[derive(Parser)]
-#[command(
-    name = "LCR Connector",
-    about = "Get the resistor, capacitor, or inductor circuit which has the closest value for your given value within at most 3 devices."
-)]
-struct Args {
-    /// The resolver you want to use.
-    #[arg(short = 's', long)]
-    resolver: AppResolver,
-
-    /// The path to the resistor dataset file.
-    #[arg(short = 'r', long, value_name = "RESISTOR.TXT")]
-    resistor_dataset: PathBuf,
-
-    /// The path to the inductor dataset file.
-    #[arg(short = 'l', long, value_name = "INDUCTOR.TXT")]
-    inductor_dataset: PathBuf,
-
-    /// The path to the capacitor dataset file.
-    #[arg(short = 'c', long, value_name = "CAPACITOR.TXT")]
-    capacitor_dataset: PathBuf,
-}
-
-impl From<Args> for AppConfig {
-    fn from(args: Args) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            resolver: args.resolver,
-            resistor_dataset: args.resistor_dataset,
-            capacitor_dataset: args.capacitor_dataset,
-            inductor_dataset: args.inductor_dataset,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Interactive command enums
-// ============================================================================
-
-/// The command for the main menu.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum MainCmd {
-    Query,
-    Help,
-    Exit,
-}
-
-fn parse_main_cmd(s: &str) -> Option<MainCmd> {
-    match s {
-        "query" => Some(MainCmd::Query),
-        "help" => Some(MainCmd::Help),
-        "exit" => Some(MainCmd::Exit),
-        _ => None,
-    }
-}
-
-/// The device choice for query.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum QueryDeviceChoice {
-    Resistor,
-    Capacitor,
-    Inductor,
-}
-
-impl QueryDeviceChoice {
-    fn parse(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
-        match s {
-            "r" => Some(Self::Resistor),
-            "c" => Some(Self::Capacitor),
-            "l" => Some(Self::Inductor),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn to_device_kind(self) -> DeviceKind {
-        match self {
-            Self::Resistor => DeviceKind::Resistor,
-            Self::Capacitor => DeviceKind::Capacitor,
-            Self::Inductor => DeviceKind::Inductor,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// The sort priority for query results.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum QuerySortPriority {
-    LessDevices,
-    MoreAccuracy,
-}
-
-impl QuerySortPriority {
-    fn parse(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
-        match s {
-            "l" => Some(Self::LessDevices),
-            "a" => Some(Self::MoreAccuracy),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn to_response_priority(self) -> ResponsePriority {
-        match self {
-            Self::LessDevices => ResponsePriority::LessDevices,
-            Self::MoreAccuracy => ResponsePriority::MoreAccuracy,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// The command for the page viewer.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-enum PageViewerCmd {
-    PreviousPage,
-    NextPage,
-    Quit,
-}
-
-impl PageViewerCmd {
-    fn parse(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
-        match s {
-            "f" => Some(Self::PreviousPage),
-            "b" => Some(Self::NextPage),
-            "q" => Some(Self::Quit),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Input utilities
-// ============================================================================
-
-/// Read a single line from stdin, trimmed of surrounding whitespace.
-fn read_line() -> String {
-    let mut line = String::new();
-    io::stdin()
-        .read_line(&mut line)
-        .expect("Failed to read from stdin");
-    line.trim().to_string()
-}
-
-/// Parse a plain float value.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `user_value` - The value to parse.
-/// * `checker` - A function that checks if the input is valid.
-///   It takes a float as input and returns a bool. True means the input is valid,
-///   otherwise False.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// The parsed value if it is valid, otherwise `None`.
-fn parse_plain_float(user_value: &str, checker: impl Fn(&f64) -> bool) -> Option<f64> {
-    // try parsing it first
-    let value = user_value.parse::<f64>().ok()?;
-    // then check it by checker
-    if checker(&value) {
-        Some(value)
-    } else {
-        None
-    }
-}
-
-/// Parse a human-readable device value.
-///
-/// # Arguments
-///
-/// * `user_value` - The value to parse.
-///
-/// # Returns
-///
-/// The parsed value if it is valid and positive, otherwise `None`.
-fn parse_human_readable_value(user_value: &str) -> Option<f64> {
-    // parse it
-    let value = from_human_readable_value(user_value).ok()?;
-    // then check its range
-    if value > 0.0 {
-        Some(value)
-    } else {
-        None
-    }
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Response display utilities
-// ============================================================================
-
-/// Get the unit string for a device kind.
-fn get_device_unit(device_kind: DeviceKind) -> &'static str {
-    match device_kind {
-        DeviceKind::Resistor => "\u{2126}",
-        DeviceKind::Capacitor => "F",
-        DeviceKind::Inductor => "H",
-    }
-}
-
-/// Format a device value for display in the circuit graph.
-fn to_circuit_graph_value(value: f64, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> String {
-    // Remove sign and append device unit
-    let hr = to_human_readable_value(value);
-    let without_sign = &hr[1..];
-    format!("{}{}", without_sign, get_device_unit(device_kind))
-}
-
-/// Format a device value for the plan header.
-fn to_plan_head_value(value: f64, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> String {
-    // Remove sign and append device unit
-    let hr = to_human_readable_value(value);
-    let without_sign = &hr[1..];
-    format!("{}{}", without_sign, get_device_unit(device_kind))
-}
-
-/// Format a difference value for the plan header.
-fn to_plan_head_diff(value: f64, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> String {
-    // Keep the sign and append device unit
-    format!("{}{}", to_human_readable_value(value), get_device_unit(device_kind))
-}
-
-/// Format a relative difference as percentage.
-fn to_plan_head_diff_pct(value: f64) -> String {
-    // Keep the sign and format it as percentage style without trailing device unit
-    format!("{:.2}%", value * 100.0)
-}
-
-// YYC MARK:
-// The function showing circuit graph should be maintained carefully.
-// First, we want they are show in console properly,
-// And we also want they have good code view.
-//
-// I notices that the number part of the output of `to_human_readable_value` will only be
-// "+999.9999" or "+9.9999e+00". So its maximum of its length is 11, considering the possibility,
-// that the absolute value of exponential part is larger than 99, is close to zero.
-// After putting the scale unit and device unit together like " nF",
-// the whole maximum size of the built string is 14.
-//
-// So we need pick a larger number and odd number for the space for showing device value,
-// because odd value can be divided by two so it can be split as two parts equally
-// for the convenient alignment of some circuit graphs.
-// My picked value is 16.
-// So you will see that I use `:^16` for a center alignment to given string.
-//
-// After this, we also need set the padding value carefully.
-// This value should consider the length of f-string syntax, pre-defined chars and required chars.
-// To make sure a pretty showcase both in code and display.
-
-/// Illustrate a one-device circuit.
-fn illustrate_one_device_circuit(circuit: &Circuit, device_kind: DeviceKind) {
-    let dev1 = to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.first_device_value(), device_kind);
-    println!("──[{:^16}]──", dev1);
-}
-
-/// Illustrate a two-device circuit.
-fn illustrate_two_device_circuit(circuit: &Circuit, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> Result<(), LcrConnError> {
-    let dev1 = to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.first_device_value(), device_kind);
-    let j2 = circuit.second_device_joint()?;
-    let dev2 = to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.second_device_value()?, device_kind);
-    match j2 {
-        JointKind::Series => {
-            println!("──[{:^16}]──[{:^16}]──", dev1, dev2);
-        }
-        JointKind::Parallel => {
-            let sep0 = " ".repeat(6 + (16 - 10));
-            println!("  ┌──[{:^16}]──┐  ", dev1);
-            println!("──┤   {}       ├──", sep0);
-            println!("  └──[{:^16}]──┘  ", dev2);
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Illustrate a three-device circuit.
-fn illustrate_three_device_circuit(circuit: &Circuit, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> Result<(), LcrConnError> {
-    let dev1 = to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.first_device_value(), device_kind);
-    let j2 = circuit.second_device_joint()?;
-    let dev2 = to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.second_device_value()?, device_kind);
-    let j3 = circuit.third_device_joint()?;
-    let dev3 = to_circuit_graph_value(circuit.third_device_value()?, device_kind);
-    match j2 {
-        JointKind::Series => match j3 {
-            JointKind::Series => {
-                // All in series
-                println!("──[{:^16}]──[{:^16}]──[{:^16}]──", dev1, dev2, dev3);
-            }
-            JointKind::Parallel => {
-                // First series then parallel
-                let sep0 = "\u{2500}".repeat(6 + ((16 - 10) / 2));
-                let sep1 = " ".repeat(6 + 2 * (16 - 10));
-                println!("  ┌──[{:^16}]──[{:^16}]──┐  ", dev1, dev2);
-                println!("──┤   {}                     ├──", sep1);
-                println!("  └───{}[{:^16}]{}───┘  ", sep0, dev3, sep0);
-            }
-        },
-        JointKind::Parallel => match j3 {
-            JointKind::Series => {
-                // First parallel then series
-                let sep0 = " ".repeat(6 + (16 - 10));
-                println!("   {}       ┌──[{:^16}]──┐  ", sep0, dev1);
-                println!("──[{:^16}]──┤   {}       ├──", dev3, sep0);
-                println!("   {}       └──[{:^16}]──┘  ", sep0, dev2);
-            }
-            JointKind::Parallel => {
-                // All in parallel
-                println!("  ┌──[{:^16}]──┐  ", dev1);
-                println!("──┼──[{:^16}]──┼──", dev2);
-                println!("  └──[{:^16}]──┘  ", dev3);
-            }
-        },
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Illustrate a circuit based on its device scale.
-fn illustrate_circuit(circuit: &Circuit, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> Result<(), LcrConnError> {
-    match circuit.device_scale() {
-        CircuitDeviceScale::One => {
-            illustrate_one_device_circuit(circuit, device_kind);
-        }
-        CircuitDeviceScale::Two => {
-            illustrate_two_device_circuit(circuit, device_kind)?;
-        }
-        CircuitDeviceScale::Three => {
-            illustrate_three_device_circuit(circuit, device_kind)?;
-        }
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Illustrate a response item.
-fn illustrate_response(response: &Response, index: usize) -> Result<(), LcrConnError> {
-    let item = &response[index];
-    let device_kind = response.device_kind();
-    // print header
-    println!(
-        "Plan {:<4} Value: {:<16} Diff: {} ({})",
-        index + 1,
-        to_plan_head_value(item.value(), device_kind),
-        to_plan_head_diff(item.difference(), device_kind),
-        to_plan_head_diff_pct(item.relative_difference()),
-    );
-    // print circuit graph
-    illustrate_circuit(item.circuit(), device_kind)?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// App
-// ============================================================================
-
-/// The app.
-struct App {
-    /// The resolver for the app.
-    resolver: Box<dyn Resolver>,
-}
-
-impl App {
-    /// Create a new app with the given configuration.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// See [`DatasetCollection::from_file`] and [`LutResolver::new`].
-    fn new(config: AppConfig) -> Result<Self, LcrConnError> {
-        let datasets = DatasetCollection::from_file(
-            &config.resistor_dataset,
-            &config.capacitor_dataset,
-            &config.inductor_dataset,
-        )?;
-
-        let resolver: Box<dyn Resolver> = match config.resolver {
-            AppResolver::Lut => Box::new(LutResolver::new(&datasets)?),
-            AppResolver::Bfs => Box::new(BfsResolver::new(datasets)),
-        };
-
-        Ok(Self { resolver })
-    }
-
-    /// Run the app.
-    fn run(&self) -> Result<(), LcrConnError> {
-        println!("LCR Connector");
-        println!("Type \"help\" for more info. Type \"exit\" to quit.");
-        self.op_main()?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    // ========================================================================
-    // Subcommand Processors
-    // ========================================================================
-
-    fn op_main(&self) -> Result<(), LcrConnError> {
-        loop {
-            match self.accept_command(parse_main_cmd) {
-                MainCmd::Query => self.op_query()?,
-                MainCmd::Help => {
-                    println!("LCR Connector Help:");
-                    println!();
-                    println!("query: do a query.");
-                    println!("help: show all command.");
-                    println!("exit: exit this app.");
-                }
-                MainCmd::Exit => break,
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn op_query(&self) -> Result<(), LcrConnError> {
-        // collecting request infos
-        println!("What are you connecting?");
-        println!("r: resistor");
-        println!("l: inductor");
-        println!("c: capacitor");
-        let device_kind = self
-            .accept_command(QueryDeviceChoice::parse)
-            .to_device_kind();
-
-        println!("Your target value?");
-        println!("Example: \"2.1k\", \"0.75m\", \"3.2M\" and etc.");
-        let target_value = self.accept_device_value();
-
-        println!("Your tolerance?");
-        println!("It can be absolute value like \"2.1k\".");
-        println!("Or relative value to your target value like \"19.5%\".");
-        let tolerance = self.accept_device_value_tolerance(target_value);
-
-        println!("How to sort result?");
-        println!("a: more accuracy");
-        println!("l: less component");
-        let response_priority = self
-            .accept_command(QuerySortPriority::parse)
-            .to_response_priority();
-
-        println!("How may result are you expected?");
-        let count_limit = self.accept_count_value();
-
-        // build request and ask resolver
-        let request = Request::new(
-            device_kind,
-            target_value,
-            tolerance,
-            response_priority,
-            count_limit,
-        )?;
-        let response = self.resolver.resolve(&request)?;
-
-        // use page viewer to show result
-        self.op_page_viewer(&response)?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn op_page_viewer(&self, response: &Response) -> Result<(), LcrConnError> {
-        let cnt = response.len();
-        if cnt == 0 {
-            println!("Sorry, no result!");
-            println!("Please consider adjusting your requirements and try again.");
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        const ITEMS_PER_PAGE: usize = 10;
-        let all_page = cnt / ITEMS_PER_PAGE;
-        let mut current_page = 0usize;
-
-        loop {
-            // print list
-            for i in 0..ITEMS_PER_PAGE - 1 {
-                // build index and check it
-                let index = current_page * (ITEMS_PER_PAGE - 1) + i;
-                if index >= cnt {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                // and print it
-                illustrate_response(response, index)?;
-            }
-
-            // print page footer
-            println!();
-            println!("Page {} of {}.", current_page + 1, all_page + 1);
-            println!("f: previous page. b: next page. q: quit this viewer.");
-            // check command
-            match self.accept_command(PageViewerCmd::parse) {
-                PageViewerCmd::PreviousPage => current_page = current_page.saturating_sub(1),
-                PageViewerCmd::NextPage => current_page = all_page.min(current_page + 1),
-                PageViewerCmd::Quit => break,
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    // ========================================================================
-    // Command Utilities
-    // ========================================================================
-
-    /// Accept a command from the user.
-    ///
-    /// Loops until a valid command is entered.
-    fn accept_command<T>(&self, parser: impl Fn(&str) -> Option<T>) -> T {
-        loop {
-            self.show_prompt_arrow();
-            let words = read_line();
-            if words.is_empty() {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            match parser(&words) {
-                Some(cmd) => return cmd,
-                None => println!("Unknown command, please try again."),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Accept a count value from the user.
-    fn accept_count_value(&self) -> usize {
-        loop {
-            self.show_prompt_arrow();
-            let words = read_line();
-            if words.is_empty() {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            match words.parse::<usize>() {
-                Ok(value) => {
-                    if value > MAX_RESPONSE_CNT || value == 0 {
-                        println!("Wrong value, please try again.");
-                    } else {
-                        return value;
-                    }
-                }
-                Err(_) => {
-                    println!("Wrong value, please try again.");
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Accept a device value from the user.
-    fn accept_device_value(&self) -> f64 {
-        loop {
-            self.show_prompt_arrow();
-            let words = read_line();
-            if words.is_empty() {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            let value = parse_human_readable_value(&words);
-            match value {
-                Some(v) => return v,
-                None => println!("Wrong value, please try again."),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Accept a tolerance value from the user.
-    ///
-    /// The tolerance can be an absolute value (like "2.1k") or a percentage
-    /// relative to the target value (like "19.5%").
-    fn accept_device_value_tolerance(&self, target_value: f64) -> f64 {
-        loop {
-            self.show_prompt_arrow();
-            let words = read_line();
-            if words.is_empty() {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            let value: Option<f64> = if let Some(pct_str) = words.strip_suffix('%') {
-                let value = parse_plain_float(pct_str, |x| *x >= 0.0 && *x <= 100.0);
-                value.map(|v| v / 100.0 * target_value)
-            } else {
-                parse_human_readable_value(&words)
-            };
-
-            match value {
-                Some(v) => return v,
-                None => println!("Wrong value, please try again."),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn show_prompt_arrow(&self) {
-        print!("> ");
-        io::stdout().flush().expect("Failed to flush stdout");
-    }
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Entry point
-// ============================================================================
+mod app;
+mod cli;
 
 fn main() {
-    let args = Args::parse();
-    let config = AppConfig::from(args);
+    let config = cli::parse_args();
 
-    let app = match App::new(config) {
-        Ok(app) => app,
-        Err(e) => {
-            eprintln!("Error: {}", e);
+    let app = app::App::new(config).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
+        eprintln!("Fail to initialize application: {}", err);
         std::process::exit(1);
-        }
-    };
-
-    if let Err(e) = app.run() {
-        eprintln!("Error: {}", e);
+    });
+    app.run().unwrap_or_else(|err| {
+        eprintln!("Runtime error: {}", err);
         std::process::exit(1);
-    }
+    });
 }

kernel/lcrconn/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 edition = "2024"
 
 [dependencies]
-thiserror = { workspace = true }
+thiserror = "2.0.12"
 ordered-float = "=5.3.0"
 itertools = "0.15.0"
 strum = "=0.28.0"

kernel/lcrconn/src/common.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 use strum_macros::EnumIter;
 use thiserror::Error as TeError;
 
-// region: Sanitizer
+// region: Validator
 
+/// Error occurs when validating floating point value.
 #[derive(Debug, TeError)]
-#[error("given floating value {0} is invalid")]
+#[error("given floating point value {0} is invalid")]
 pub struct FloatingPointError(f64);
 
-pub fn sanitize_floating_point(f: f64) -> Result<f64, FloatingPointError> {
+/// Check whether given floating point value is okey for arithmetic operation.
+pub fn validate_floating_point(f: f64) -> Result<f64, FloatingPointError> {
     if f.is_finite() {
         Ok(f)
     } else {
@@ -15,16 +17,21 @@ pub fn sanitize_floating_point(f: f64) -> Result<f64, FloatingPointError> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Error occurs when validating device value.
 #[derive(Debug, TeError)]
 pub enum DeviceValueError {
-    #[error("{0}")]
+    #[error("given device value is bad floating point: {0}")]
     BadFloatingPoint(#[from] FloatingPointError),
     #[error("given device value {0} is out of range")]
     OutOfRange(f64),
 }
 
-pub fn sanitize_device_value(f: f64) -> Result<f64, DeviceValueError> {
-    let f = sanitize_floating_point(f)?;
+/// Check whether given value is good for device value.
+///
+/// A good device value should be finity floating point,
+/// and it should be greater than zero.
+pub fn validate_device_value(f: f64) -> Result<f64, DeviceValueError> {
+    let f = validate_floating_point(f)?;
     if f > 0f64 {
         Ok(f)
     } else {
@@ -97,14 +104,23 @@ impl CircuitDeviceScale {
 
 // region: Circuit Stuff
 
-/// Error occurs when manipulating [SubCircuit].
+/// Error occurs when manipulating [Circuit] and [SubCircuit].
 #[derive(Debug, TeError)]
-pub enum SubCircuitError {
+pub enum CircuitError {
     #[error("invalid device value in circuit: {0}")]
     BadDeviceValue(DeviceValueError),
-    #[error("bad previous computed circuit value: {0}")]
+    #[error("third device cannot exist without second device when building circuit")]
+    InterleavedSubCircuit,
+    #[error("the joint or device with given index is not presented in circuit")]
+    NoSuchDevice,
+
+    #[error("invalid target value: {0}")]
+    BadTargetValue(DeviceValueError),
+    #[error("invalid pre-evaluated circuit value: {0}")]
+    BadCircuitValue(DeviceValueError),
+    #[error("bad previous evaluated joint value: {0}")]
     BadPreviousValue(DeviceValueError),
-    #[error("arithmetic error: {0}")]
+    #[error("floating point is invalid after arithmetic operation: {0}")]
     BadArithmetic(FloatingPointError),
 }
 
@@ -122,24 +138,24 @@ impl SubCircuit {
     ///
     /// The input device value should greater than zero,
     /// otherwise an error will return.
-    pub fn new(device_value: f64, joint_kind: JointKind) -> Result<Self, SubCircuitError> {
-        let device_value = sanitize_device_value(device_value)
-            .map_err(|err| SubCircuitError::BadDeviceValue(err))?;
+    pub fn new(device_value: f64, joint_kind: JointKind) -> Result<Self, CircuitError> {
+        let device_value =
+            validate_device_value(device_value).map_err(|err| CircuitError::BadDeviceValue(err))?;
         Ok(Self {
             device_value,
             joint_kind,
         })
     }
 
-    /// Compute the joint value with given previous computed value and device kind.
+    /// Evaluate the joint value with given previous joint evaluated value and device kind.
     ///
-    /// Parameter `value` should be the value computed from previous devices.
+    /// Parameter `value` should be the value evaluated from previous joint.
     /// And it should greater than zero.
     /// `device_kind` is the kind of the device.
-    pub fn compute(&self, value: f64, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> Result<f64, SubCircuitError> {
+    pub fn evaluate(&self, value: f64, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> Result<f64, CircuitError> {
         // Check the range of provided value for computing
         let value =
-            sanitize_device_value(value).map_err(|err| SubCircuitError::BadPreviousValue(err))?;
+            validate_device_value(value).map_err(|err| CircuitError::BadPreviousValue(err))?;
 
         // We perform series connect for: series resistor, series inductor and parallel capacitor.
         // We perform parallel connect for: parallel resistor, parallel inductor and series capacitor.
@@ -148,11 +164,11 @@ impl SubCircuit {
             _ => self.joint_kind,
         };
 
-        sanitize_floating_point(match joint_kind {
+        validate_floating_point(match joint_kind {
             JointKind::Series => self.device_value + value,
             JointKind::Parallel => (self.device_value * value) / (self.device_value + value),
         })
-        .map_err(|err| SubCircuitError::BadArithmetic(err))
+        .map_err(|err| CircuitError::BadArithmetic(err))
     }
 
     /// Get the device value.
@@ -166,19 +182,6 @@ impl SubCircuit {
     }
 }
 
-/// Error occurs when manipulating [Circuit].
-#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
-pub enum CircuitError {
-    #[error("invalid device value in circuit: {0}")]
-    BadDeviceValue(DeviceValueError),
-    #[error("third device cannot exist without second device when building circuit")]
-    BlankSecondSubCircuit,
-    #[error("{0}")]
-    SubCircuit(#[from] SubCircuitError),
-    #[error("the joint or device with given index is not presented in circuit")]
-    NoSuchDevice,
-}
-
 /// The circuit composed of multiple joints.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Circuit {
@@ -193,20 +196,20 @@ pub struct Circuit {
 impl Circuit {
     /// Initialize the circuit with subcircuit.
     ///
-    /// * `first_device_value` - The value of the first device.
-    /// * `second_device_subckt` - The second device and its joint property.
-    /// * `third_device_subckt` - The third device and its joint property.
+    /// - `first_device_value`: The value of the first device.
+    /// - `second_device_subckt`: The second device and its joint property.
+    /// - `third_device_subckt`: The third device and its joint property.
     fn new(
         first_device_value: f64,
         second_device_subckt: Option<SubCircuit>,
         third_device_subckt: Option<SubCircuit>,
     ) -> Result<Self, CircuitError> {
         // Check the value of first device
-        let first_device_value = sanitize_device_value(first_device_value)
+        let first_device_value = validate_device_value(first_device_value)
             .map_err(|err| CircuitError::BadDeviceValue(err))?;
         // Check impossible form
         if second_device_subckt.is_none() && third_device_subckt.is_some() {
-            return Err(CircuitError::BlankSecondSubCircuit);
+            return Err(CircuitError::InterleavedSubCircuit);
         }
 
         // Everything is okey
@@ -250,17 +253,17 @@ impl Circuit {
         )
     }
 
-    /// Compute the circuit value with given value and device kind
-    pub fn compute(&self, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> Result<f64, CircuitError> {
+    /// Evaluate the circuit value with device kind
+    pub fn evaluate(&self, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> Result<f64, CircuitError> {
         let mut value = self.first_device_value;
 
         match &self.second_device_subckt {
-            Some(subckt) => value = subckt.compute(value, device_kind)?,
+            Some(subckt) => value = subckt.evaluate(value, device_kind)?,
             None => return Ok(value),
         }
 
         match &self.third_device_subckt {
-            Some(subckt) => value = subckt.compute(value, device_kind)?,
+            Some(subckt) => value = subckt.evaluate(value, device_kind)?,
             None => return Ok(value),
         }
 
@@ -320,145 +323,69 @@ impl Circuit {
     }
 }
 
-/// Error occurs when manipulating [CircuitCalculator].
-#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
-pub enum CircuitCalculatorError {
-    #[error("invalid target value: {0}")]
-    BadTargetValue(DeviceValueError),
-    #[error("{0}")]
-    Circuit(#[from] CircuitError),
-    #[error("arithmetic error: {0}")]
-    BadArithmetic(FloatingPointError),
-    #[error("bad provided value reducing computation steps: {0}")]
-    BadReuseValue(FloatingPointError),
-}
-
-/// The helper for circuit value computation.
+/// The evaluation result of circuit with target value.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct CircuitCalculator {
-    /// The kind of the device.
-    device_kind: DeviceKind,
-    /// The target value.
-    target_value: f64,
-}
-
-impl CircuitCalculator {
-    /// Initialize this calculator with given device kind and target value.
-    pub fn new(device_kind: DeviceKind, target_value: f64) -> Result<Self, CircuitCalculatorError> {
-        let target_value = sanitize_device_value(target_value)
-            .map_err(|err| CircuitCalculatorError::BadTargetValue(err))?;
-        Ok(Self {
-            device_kind,
-            target_value,
-        })
-    }
-
+pub struct CircuitEvaluation {
     /// The value of this circuit.
-    pub fn value(&self, circuit: &Circuit) -> Result<f64, CircuitCalculatorError> {
-        Ok(circuit.compute(self.device_kind)?)
-    }
-
+    pub value: f64,
     /// The signed difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
     ///
     /// Positive value indicates that the value of this circuit is greater than the target value.
     /// Negative value indicates that the value of this circuit is less than the target value.
-    ///
-    /// * `circuit` - The circuit for computation.
-    /// * `value` - The value of the circuit computed by the [`value`](Self::value) method
-    ///   for reducing computation steps, or `None` if you request this method to compute the value.
-    pub fn difference(
-        &self,
-        circuit: &Circuit,
-        value: Option<f64>,
-    ) -> Result<f64, CircuitCalculatorError> {
-        let value = match value {
-            Some(v) => sanitize_floating_point(v)
-                .map_err(|err| CircuitCalculatorError::BadReuseValue(err))?,
-            None => self.value(circuit)?,
-        };
-
-        sanitize_floating_point(value - self.target_value)
-            .map_err(|err| CircuitCalculatorError::BadArithmetic(err))
-    }
-
+    pub difference: f64,
     /// The unsigned difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
-    ///
-    /// * `circuit` - The circuit for computation.
-    /// * `value` - The value of the circuit computed by the [`value`](Self::value) method
-    ///   for reducing computation steps, or `None` if you request this method to compute the value.
-    /// * `difference` - The difference of the circuit computed by the
-    ///   [`difference`](Self::difference) method for reducing computation steps,
-    ///   or `None` if you request this method to compute the difference.
-    pub fn unsigned_difference(
-        &self,
-        circuit: &Circuit,
-        value: Option<f64>,
-        difference: Option<f64>,
-    ) -> Result<f64, CircuitCalculatorError> {
-        let diff = match difference {
-            Some(d) => sanitize_floating_point(d)
-                .map_err(|err| CircuitCalculatorError::BadReuseValue(err))?,
-            None => self.difference(circuit, value)?,
-        };
-
-        sanitize_floating_point(diff.abs())
-            .map_err(|err| CircuitCalculatorError::BadArithmetic(err))
-    }
-
+    pub unsigned_difference: f64,
     /// The signed relative difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
     ///
     /// Positive value indicates that the value of this circuit is greater than the target value.
     /// Negative value indicates that the value of this circuit is less than the target value.
-    ///
-    /// * `circuit` - The circuit for computation.
-    /// * `value` - The value of the circuit computed by the [`value`](Self::value) method
-    ///   for reducing computation steps, or `None` if you request this method to compute the value.
-    /// * `difference` - The difference of the circuit computed by the
-    ///   [`difference`](Self::difference) method for reducing computation steps,
-    ///   or `None` if you request this method to compute the difference.
-    pub fn relative_difference(
-        &self,
-        circuit: &Circuit,
-        value: Option<f64>,
-        difference: Option<f64>,
-    ) -> Result<f64, CircuitCalculatorError> {
-        let diff = match difference {
-            Some(d) => sanitize_floating_point(d)
-                .map_err(|err| CircuitCalculatorError::BadReuseValue(err))?,
-            None => self.difference(circuit, value)?,
-        };
-
-        sanitize_floating_point(diff / self.target_value)
-            .map_err(|err| CircuitCalculatorError::BadArithmetic(err))
+    pub relative_difference: f64,
+    /// The unsigned relative difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
+    pub unsigned_relative_difference: f64,
 }
 
-    /// The unsigned relative difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
-    ///
-    /// * `circuit` - The circuit for computation.
-    /// * `value` - The value of the circuit computed by the [`value`](Self::value) method
-    ///   for reducing computation steps, or `None` if you request this method to compute the value.
-    /// * `difference` - The difference of the circuit computed by the
-    ///   [`difference`](Self::difference) method for reducing computation steps,
-    ///   or `None` if you request this method to compute the difference.
-    /// * `relative_difference` - The relative difference of the circuit computed by the
-    ///   [`relative_difference`](Self::relative_difference) method for reducing computation steps,
-    ///   or `None` if you request this method to compute the relative difference.
-    ///
-    pub fn unsigned_relative_difference(
-        &self,
-        circuit: &Circuit,
-        value: Option<f64>,
-        difference: Option<f64>,
-        relative_difference: Option<f64>,
-    ) -> Result<f64, CircuitCalculatorError> {
-        let rel_diff = match relative_difference {
-            Some(rd) => sanitize_floating_point(rd)
-                .map_err(|err| CircuitCalculatorError::BadReuseValue(err))?,
-            None => self.relative_difference(circuit, value, difference)?,
-        };
+impl CircuitEvaluation {
+    /// Internal used constructor. Passed circuit `value` must be checked before calling this.
+    fn new(value: f64, target_value: f64) -> Result<Self, CircuitError> {
+        // Check target value
+        let target_value =
+            validate_device_value(target_value).map_err(|err| CircuitError::BadTargetValue(err))?;
+        // Start evaluating
+        let difference = validate_floating_point(value - target_value)
+            .map_err(|err| CircuitError::BadArithmetic(err))?;
+        let unsigned_difference = validate_floating_point(difference.abs())
+            .map_err(|err| CircuitError::BadArithmetic(err))?;
+        let relative_difference = validate_floating_point(difference / target_value)
+            .map_err(|err| CircuitError::BadArithmetic(err))?;
+        let unsigned_relative_difference = validate_floating_point(relative_difference.abs())
+            .map_err(|err| CircuitError::BadArithmetic(err))?;
+        // Return evaluation result
+        Ok(CircuitEvaluation {
+            value,
+            difference,
+            unsigned_difference,
+            relative_difference,
+            unsigned_relative_difference,
+        })
+    }
 
-        sanitize_floating_point(rel_diff.abs())
-            .map_err(|err| CircuitCalculatorError::BadArithmetic(err))
+    /// Evaluate circuit with device kind and target value.
+    pub fn from_circuit(
+        circuit: &Circuit,
+        device_kind: DeviceKind,
+        target_value: f64,
+    ) -> Result<Self, CircuitError> {
+        // Fetch circuit value and evaluate it.
+        let value = circuit.evaluate(device_kind)?;
+        Self::new(value, target_value)
+    }
+
+    /// Evaluate circuit with pre-evaluated circuit value and target value.
+    pub fn from_circuit_value(value: f64, target_value: f64) -> Result<Self, CircuitError> {
+        // Check user given circuit value and evaluate it.
+        let value =
+            validate_device_value(value).map_err(|err| CircuitError::BadCircuitValue(err))?;
+        Self::new(value, target_value)
     }
 }
 

kernel/lcrconn/src/dataset.rs

@@ -1,447 +0,0 @@
-use crate::common::{
-    DeviceValueError, FloatingPointError, sanitize_device_value, sanitize_floating_point,
-};
-use ordered_float::OrderedFloat;
-use std::collections::HashSet;
-use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, BufWriter, Error as IoError, Write};
-use std::num::ParseFloatError;
-use std::path::Path;
-use thiserror::Error as TeError;
-
-/// Error occurs when building dataset.
-#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
-pub enum DatasetError {
-    #[error("invalid device value {0} in dataset item")]
-    BadDeviceValue(#[from] DeviceValueError),
-    #[error("unexpected empty string in dataset item")]
-    BlankDeviceValue,
-    #[error("bad string form of device value: {0}")]
-    ParseHumanReadableValue(#[from] ParseHumanReadableValueError),
-    #[error("duplicate item {0} in standard value list")]
-    DupDatasetItem(String),
-    #[error("unexpected empty standard value list")]
-    EmptyDataset,
-    #[error("fail to open dataset file: {0}")]
-    OpenDatasetFile(IoError),
-    #[error("fail to read dataset file: {0}")]
-    ReadDatasetFile(IoError),
-    #[error("fail to write dataset file: {0}")]
-    WriteDatasetFile(IoError),
-}
-
-/// An item in the dataset.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-struct DatasetItem {
-    /// The actual value of this item.
-    value: f64,
-    /// The string form of this value given from original input for re-saving.
-    str_value: String,
-}
-
-impl DatasetItem {
-    /// Create a new dataset item with validation.
-    fn new(value: f64, str_value: String) -> Result<Self, DatasetError> {
-        // Check arguments
-        let value = sanitize_device_value(value)?;
-        if str_value.is_empty() {
-            return Err(DatasetError::BlankDeviceValue);
-        }
-        Ok(Self { value, str_value })
-    }
-}
-
-/// A list holding available standard values for resistor, capacitor or inductor.
-///
-/// Standard values is a collection of all possible values of specific device manufactured
-/// by electronic factory. In reality, it also can be replaced by all possible values of
-/// specific device provided by your laboratory. For example, your laboratory only provide
-/// resistor with 100 Ohm and 4.7k Ohm. This list will only contain 100 and 4.7k.
-pub struct Dataset {
-    /// A list of available device gauge values.
-    items: Vec<DatasetItem>,
-}
-
-impl Dataset {
-    /// Internal used generic dataset creation function.
-    fn new<I>(str_values: I) -> Result<Self, DatasetError>
-    where
-        I: IntoIterator<Item = String>,
-    {
-        // Check string form value one by one
-        let mut items: Vec<DatasetItem> = Vec::new();
-        let mut seen: HashSet<OrderedFloat<f64>> = HashSet::new();
-
-        for str_value in str_values {
-            // Try parsing value
-            let value = from_human_readable_value(&str_value)?;
-            // Check and update set
-            if !seen.insert(OrderedFloat(value)) {
-                return Err(DatasetError::DupDatasetItem(str_value.to_string()));
-            }
-            // Add into result
-            items.push(DatasetItem::new(value, str_value)?);
-        }
-
-        // Check empty case
-        if items.is_empty() {
-            return Err(DatasetError::EmptyDataset);
-        }
-
-        // Ok, assign it
-        Ok(Self { items })
-    }
-
-    /// Create a dataset from an iterable of string values.
-    pub fn from_iterator<I, S>(str_values: I) -> Result<Self, DatasetError>
-    where
-        I: IntoIterator<Item = S>,
-        S: Into<String>,
-    {
-        Self::new(str_values.into_iter().map(|i| i.into()))
-    }
-
-    /// Load a dataset from a block of text.
-    ///
-    /// Each non-empty line (after trimming whitespace) is treated as a value.
-    pub fn from_text(text: &str) -> Result<Self, DatasetError> {
-        let lines = text
-            .lines()
-            .map(|line| line.trim().to_string())
-            .filter(|line| !line.is_empty());
-        Self::from_iterator(lines)
-    }
-
-    /// Load a dataset from a file.
-    ///
-    /// Each non-empty line (after trimming whitespace) is treated as a value.
-    pub fn from_file<P>(path: P) -> Result<Self, DatasetError>
-    where
-        P: AsRef<Path>,
-    {
-        let file = File::open(path).map_err(|err| DatasetError::OpenDatasetFile(err))?;
-        let reader = BufReader::new(file);
-        let lines = reader
-            .lines()
-            .map(|line| line.map(|line| line.trim().to_string()))
-            .filter(|line| !matches!(line, Ok(line) if line.is_empty()))
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
-            .map_err(|err| DatasetError::ReadDatasetFile(err))?;
-        Self::from_iterator(lines.into_iter())
-    }
-
-    /// The preset dataset for resistors.
-    pub fn resistor_preset() -> Result<Self, DatasetError> {
-        Self::from_iterator([
-            "100", "220", "270", "390", "470", "680", "1k", "1.2k", "1.5k", "2.2k", "3.3k", "4.7k",
-            "6.8k", "10k", "47k", "100k", "1M",
-        ])
-    }
-
-    /// The preset dataset for capacitors.
-    pub fn capacitor_preset() -> Result<Self, DatasetError> {
-        Self::from_iterator([
-            "10p", "22p", "33p", "47p", "68p", "100p", "150p", "220p", "330p", "470p", "560p",
-            "1u", "2.2u", "3.3u", "4.7u", "10u", "22u", "47u", "100u", "220u", "470u",
-        ])
-    }
-
-    /// The preset dataset for inductors.
-    pub fn inductor_preset() -> Result<Self, DatasetError> {
-        Self::from_iterator([
-            "0.1u", "0.15u", "0.47u", "0.68u", "1u", "1.5u", "2.2u", "3.3u", "4.7u", "6.8u",
-            "8.2u", "10u", "15u", "22u", "33u", "47u", "68u", "100u",
-        ])
-    }
-
-    fn save(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
-        self.items.iter().map(|i| i.str_value.as_str())
-    }
-
-    /// Get the string form of all values one by one for saving
-    pub fn save_iterator(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
-        self.save()
-    }
-
-    /// Get the string form of all values joined by newlines for saving./
-    pub fn save_text(&self) -> String {
-        itertools::join(self.save_iterator(), "\n")
-    }
-
-    /// Save all values joined by newlines to a file.
-    pub fn save_file<P>(&self, path: P) -> Result<(), DatasetError>
-    where
-        P: AsRef<Path>,
-    {
-        let file = File::open(path).map_err(|err| DatasetError::OpenDatasetFile(err))?;
-        let mut writer = BufWriter::new(file);
-        for line in self.save_iterator() {
-            writer
-                .write_all(line.as_bytes())
-                .map_err(|err| DatasetError::WriteDatasetFile(err))?;
-            writer
-                .write_all("\n".as_bytes())
-                .map_err(|err| DatasetError::WriteDatasetFile(err))?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Get the available standard values as an iterator of `f64`.
-    pub fn values(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = f64> {
-        self.items.iter().map(|i| i.value)
-    }
-}
-
-/// The collection holding all standard values for resistor, capacitor and inductor respectively.
-pub struct DatasetCollection {
-    /// A list of available device gauge values for resistor.
-    resistor: Dataset,
-    /// A list of available device gauge values for capacitor.
-    capacitor: Dataset,
-    /// A list of available device gauge values for inductor.
-    inductor: Dataset,
-}
-
-impl DatasetCollection {
-    /// Create dataset collection with 3 datasets for resistor, capacitor and inductor respectively.
-    pub fn new(resistor: Dataset, capacitor: Dataset, inductor: Dataset) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            resistor,
-            capacitor,
-            inductor,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Load the standard values for resistor, capacitor and inductor respectively from iterables.
-    ///
-    /// * `resistor` - The iterable to load available standard values for resistor.
-    /// * `capacitor` - The iterable to load available standard values for capacitor.
-    /// * `inductor` - The iterable to load available standard values for inductor.
-    pub fn from_iterable<I1, S1, I2, S2, I3, S3>(
-        resistor: I1,
-        capacitor: I2,
-        inductor: I3,
-    ) -> Result<Self, DatasetError>
-    where
-        I1: IntoIterator<Item = S1>,
-        S1: Into<String>,
-        I2: IntoIterator<Item = S2>,
-        S2: Into<String>,
-        I3: IntoIterator<Item = S3>,
-        S3: Into<String>,
-    {
-        Ok(Self {
-            resistor: Dataset::from_iterator(resistor)?,
-            capacitor: Dataset::from_iterator(capacitor)?,
-            inductor: Dataset::from_iterator(inductor)?,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Load the standard values from strings.
-    ///
-    /// * `resistor` - The string to load available standard values for resistor.
-    /// * `capacitor` - The string to load available standard values for capacitor.
-    /// * `inductor` - The string to load available standard values for inductor.
-    pub fn from_text(
-        resistor: &str,
-        capacitor: &str,
-        inductor: &str,
-    ) -> Result<Self, DatasetError> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            resistor: Dataset::from_text(resistor)?,
-            capacitor: Dataset::from_text(capacitor)?,
-            inductor: Dataset::from_text(inductor)?,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Load the standard values from files.
-    ///
-    /// * `resistor` - The file to load available standard values for resistor.
-    /// * `capacitor` - The file to load available standard values for capacitor.
-    /// * `inductor` - The file to load available standard values for inductor.
-    pub fn from_file<P1, P2, P3>(
-        resistor: P1,
-        capacitor: P2,
-        inductor: P3,
-    ) -> Result<Self, DatasetError>
-    where
-        P1: AsRef<Path>,
-        P2: AsRef<Path>,
-        P3: AsRef<Path>,
-    {
-        Ok(Self {
-            resistor: Dataset::from_file(resistor)?,
-            capacitor: Dataset::from_file(capacitor)?,
-            inductor: Dataset::from_file(inductor)?,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// The preset dataset collection for all devices.
-    pub fn devices_preset() -> Result<Self, DatasetError> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            resistor: Dataset::resistor_preset()?,
-            capacitor: Dataset::capacitor_preset()?,
-            inductor: Dataset::inductor_preset()?,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Get the iterators for saving resistor, capacitor and inductor dataset respectively.
-    pub fn save_iterator(
-        &self,
-    ) -> (
-        impl Iterator<Item = &str>,
-        impl Iterator<Item = &str>,
-        impl Iterator<Item = &str>,
-    ) {
-        (
-            self.resistor.save_iterator(),
-            self.capacitor.save_iterator(),
-            self.inductor.save_iterator(),
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Get the string form of all values for saving resistor, capacitor and inductor dataset respectively.
-    pub fn save_text(&self) -> (String, String, String) {
-        (
-            self.resistor.save_text(),
-            self.capacitor.save_text(),
-            self.inductor.save_text(),
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Save all values to files.
-    ///
-    /// * `resistor` - The file to save available standard values for resistor.
-    /// * `capacitor` - The file to save available standard values for capacitor.
-    /// * `inductor` - The file to save available standard values for inductor.
-    pub fn save_file<P1, P2, P3>(
-        &self,
-        resistor: P1,
-        capacitor: P2,
-        inductor: P3,
-    ) -> Result<(), DatasetError>
-    where
-        P1: AsRef<Path>,
-        P2: AsRef<Path>,
-        P3: AsRef<Path>,
-    {
-        self.resistor.save_file(resistor)?;
-        self.capacitor.save_file(capacitor)?;
-        self.inductor.save_file(inductor)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Get the dataset for resistor.
-    pub fn resistor_dataset(&self) -> &Dataset {
-        &self.resistor
-    }
-
-    /// Get the dataset for capacitor.
-    pub fn capacitor_dataset(&self) -> &Dataset {
-        &self.capacitor
-    }
-
-    /// Get the dataset for inductor.
-    pub fn inductor_dataset(&self) -> &Dataset {
-        &self.inductor
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
-pub enum ParseHumanReadableValueError {
-    #[error("fail to parse floating point part of given human readable value: {0}")]
-    ParseFloat(#[from] ParseFloatError),
-    #[error("arithmetic error: {0}")]
-    BadArithmetic(#[from] FloatingPointError),
-}
-
-/// Convert human readable value to float.
-///
-/// `strl` is the human readable value.
-/// The return value is the parsed float value.
-/// or error occurs when parsing.
-pub fn from_human_readable_value(strl: &str) -> Result<f64, ParseHumanReadableValueError> {
-    let strl = strl.trim();
-
-    let (num_part, multiplier) = if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('n') {
-        (stripped, 1e-12)
-    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('p') {
-        (stripped, 1e-9)
-    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('u') {
-        (stripped, 1e-6)
-    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('m') {
-        (stripped, 1e-3)
-    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('k') {
-        (stripped, 1e3)
-    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('M') {
-        (stripped, 1e6)
-    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('G') {
-        (stripped, 1e9)
-    } else {
-        (strl, 1.0)
-    };
-
-    let num = num_part.parse::<f64>()?;
-    Ok(sanitize_floating_point(num * multiplier)?)
-}
-
-/// The unit scale for human readable value.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum UnitScale {
-    NanoLower,
-    Nano,
-    Micro,
-    Milli,
-    None,
-    Kilo,
-    Mega,
-    Giga,
-    GigaHigher,
-}
-
-/// Get the unit scale of human readable value.
-///
-/// `v` is the value for analyzing scale.
-pub fn get_human_readable_value_scale(v: f64) -> UnitScale {
-    let v = v.abs();
-    if v < 1e-12 {
-        UnitScale::NanoLower
-    } else if v < 1e-9 {
-        UnitScale::Nano
-    } else if v < 1e-6 {
-        UnitScale::Micro
-    } else if v < 1e-3 {
-        UnitScale::Milli
-    } else if v < 1e3 {
-        UnitScale::None
-    } else if v < 1e6 {
-        UnitScale::Kilo
-    } else if v < 1e9 {
-        UnitScale::Mega
-    } else if v < 1e12 {
-        UnitScale::Giga
-    } else {
-        UnitScale::GigaHigher
-    }
-}
-
-/// Convert float value to human readable value.
-///
-/// `v`is the float value for formatting as human readable value.
-pub fn to_human_readable_value(v: f64) -> String {
-    let scale = get_human_readable_value_scale(v);
-    match scale {
-        UnitScale::NanoLower => format!("{:+.4e} n", v / 1e-12),
-        UnitScale::Nano => format!("{:+.4} p", v / 1e-9),
-        UnitScale::Micro => format!("{:+.4} u", v / 1e-6),
-        UnitScale::Milli => format!("{:+.4} m", v / 1e-3),
-        // YYC MARK:
-        // The space of this format string is by design
-        // for keeping the same style with other format strings.
-        UnitScale::None => format!("{:+.4} ", v),
-        UnitScale::Kilo => format!("{:+.4} k", v / 1e3),
-        UnitScale::Mega => format!("{:+.4} M", v / 1e6),
-        UnitScale::Giga => format!("{:+.4} G", v / 1e9),
-        UnitScale::GigaHigher => format!("{:+.4e} G", v / 1e9),
-    }
-}

kernel/lcrconn/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,8 @@
 pub mod common;
-pub mod dataset;
+pub mod spec;
 pub mod query;
 pub mod resolver;
 
-pub use common::{
-    Circuit, CircuitDeviceScale, CircuitCalculator, DeviceKind, JointKind, LcrConnError, SubCircuit,
-};
-pub use dataset::{
-    from_human_readable_value, get_human_readable_value_scale, to_human_readable_value, Dataset,
-    DatasetCollection, DatasetItem, UnitScale,
-};
-pub use query::{Request, Response, ResponseItem, ResponsePriority, MAX_RESPONSE_CNT};
-pub use resolver::{BfsResolver, LutResolver, Resolver};
+pub use common::DeviceKind;
+pub use query::{Request, Response, ResponsePriority};
+pub use resolver::{Resolver, BfsResolver, LutResolver};

kernel/lcrconn/src/query.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-use std::cmp::Ordering;
-use std::ops::Index;
-
-use crate::common::{Circuit, CircuitCalculator, DeviceKind, LcrConnError};
+use crate::common::{
+    Circuit, CircuitError, CircuitEvaluation, DeviceKind, DeviceValueError, validate_device_value,
+};
+use ordered_float::OrderedFloat;
+use thiserror::Error as TeError;
 
 /// The priority of the result.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum ResponsePriority {
     /// Less devices is the first priority.
     LessDevices,
@@ -15,46 +16,50 @@ pub enum ResponsePriority {
 /// The maximum count for the response item count passed in request.
 pub const MAX_RESPONSE_CNT: usize = 50;
 
+/// The error occurs when building [Request].
+#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
+pub enum RequestError {
+    #[error("invalid target value in request: {0}")]
+    BadTargetValue(DeviceValueError),
+    #[error("invalid tolerance in request: {0}")]
+    BadTolerance(DeviceValueError),
+    #[error("invalid response count {0} limit in request")]
+    BadCountLimit(usize),
+}
+
 /// All request information for the resolver.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Request {
     /// The kind of device to resolve.
-    pub device_kind: DeviceKind,
+    device_kind: DeviceKind,
     /// The target value of the device.
-    pub target_value: f64,
+    target_value: f64,
     /// The tolerance of the device in absolute value.
-    pub tolerance: f64,
+    tolerance: f64,
     /// The priority principle when sorting response items.
-    pub response_priority: ResponsePriority,
+    response_priority: ResponsePriority,
     /// The limited count of results.
-    pub count_limit: usize,
+    count_limit: usize,
 }
 
 impl Request {
     /// Create a new request with validation.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns [`LcrConnError::InvalidTargetValue`] if the target value is not greater than 0.
-    /// Returns [`LcrConnError::InvalidTolerance`] if the tolerance is negative.
-    /// Returns [`LcrConnError::InvalidCountLimit`] if the count limit is 0 or exceeds
-    /// [`MAX_RESPONSE_CNT`].
     pub fn new(
         device_kind: DeviceKind,
         target_value: f64,
         tolerance: f64,
         response_priority: ResponsePriority,
         count_limit: usize,
-    ) -> Result<Self, LcrConnError> {
-        if target_value <= 0.0 {
-            return Err(LcrConnError::InvalidTargetValue(target_value));
-        }
-        if tolerance < 0.0 {
-            return Err(LcrConnError::InvalidTolerance(tolerance));
-        }
+    ) -> Result<Self, RequestError> {
+        // Check arguments
+        let target_value =
+            validate_device_value(target_value).map_err(|err| RequestError::BadTargetValue(err))?;
+        let tolerance =
+            validate_device_value(tolerance).map_err(|err| RequestError::BadTolerance(err))?;
         if count_limit == 0 || count_limit > MAX_RESPONSE_CNT {
-            return Err(LcrConnError::InvalidCountLimit(count_limit));
+            return Err(RequestError::BadCountLimit(count_limit));
         }
+        // Everything is okey.
         Ok(Self {
             device_kind,
             target_value,
@@ -63,6 +68,44 @@ impl Request {
             count_limit,
         })
     }
+
+    /// Get the kind of device of this request.
+    pub fn get_device_kind(&self) -> DeviceKind {
+        self.device_kind
+    }
+
+    /// Get the target value of this request.
+    ///
+    /// The return value was ensured that it must be valid device value.
+    pub fn get_target_value(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.target_value
+    }
+
+    /// Get the tolerance of this request.
+    ///
+    /// The return value was ensured that it must be unsigned non-relative valid device value.
+    pub fn get_tolerance(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.tolerance
+    }
+
+    /// Get the priority principle when sorting response items.
+    pub fn get_response_priority(&self) -> ResponsePriority {
+        self.response_priority
+    }
+
+    /// Get the limited count of results.
+    ///
+    /// The return value was ensured that it must >= 0 and < [`MAX_RESPONSE_CNT`].
+    pub fn get_count_limit(&self) -> usize {
+        self.count_limit
+    }
+}
+
+/// Error occurs when building [Response] and [ResponseItem].
+#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
+pub enum ResponseError {
+    #[error("failed on evaluating circuit: {0}")]
+    EvaluateCircuit(#[from] CircuitError),
 }
 
 /// The possible solution given by the resolver.
@@ -70,49 +113,26 @@ impl Request {
 pub struct ResponseItem {
     /// The circuit of this response item.
     circuit: Circuit,
-    /// The device count of this circuit.
-    device_count: usize,
-    /// The value of this circuit.
-    value: f64,
-    /// The signed difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
-    ///
-    /// Positive value indicates that the value of this circuit is greater than the target value.
-    /// Negative value indicates that the value of this circuit is less than the target value.
-    difference: f64,
-    /// The unsigned difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
-    unsigned_difference: f64,
-    /// The signed relative difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
-    ///
-    /// Positive value indicates that the value of this circuit is greater than the target value.
-    /// Negative value indicates that the value of this circuit is less than the target value.
-    relative_difference: f64,
-    /// The unsigned relative difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
-    unsigned_relative_difference: f64,
+    /// The evaluation result of this circuit.
+    circuit_evaluation: CircuitEvaluation,
 }
 
 impl ResponseItem {
     /// Create a new response item by computing all values eagerly.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// See [`CircuitValueTrait::value`].
-    pub fn new(circuit: Circuit, cv_trait: &CircuitCalculator) -> Result<Self, LcrConnError> {
-        let value = cv_trait.value(&circuit)?;
-        let difference = cv_trait.difference(&circuit, Some(value))?;
-        let unsigned_difference = cv_trait.unsigned_difference(&circuit, None, Some(difference))?;
-        let relative_difference = cv_trait.relative_difference(&circuit, None, Some(difference))?;
-        let unsigned_relative_difference =
-            cv_trait.unsigned_relative_difference(&circuit, None, None, Some(relative_difference))?;
-        let device_count = circuit.device_scale().to_device_count();
-
+    fn new(circuit: Circuit, request: &Request) -> Result<Self, ResponseError> {
+        // YYC MARK:
+        // I can use OnceLock to implement the behavior closing to Python cached_property.
+        // But I didn't do that due to the increased size of this struct, and inviable error handling.
+        // So I decide to calculate all values in there.
+        let circuit_evaluation = CircuitEvaluation::from_circuit(
+            &circuit,
+            request.get_device_kind(),
+            request.get_target_value(),
+        )?;
+        // Build self and return
         Ok(Self {
             circuit,
-            device_count,
-            value,
-            difference,
-            unsigned_difference,
-            relative_difference,
-            unsigned_relative_difference,
+            circuit_evaluation,
         })
     }
 
@@ -123,12 +143,12 @@ impl ResponseItem {
 
     /// The device count of this circuit.
     pub fn device_count(&self) -> usize {
-        self.device_count
+        self.circuit.device_scale().to_device_count()
     }
 
     /// The value of this circuit.
     pub fn value(&self) -> f64 {
-        self.value
+        self.circuit_evaluation.value
     }
 
     /// The signed difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
@@ -136,12 +156,12 @@ impl ResponseItem {
     /// Positive value indicates that the value of this circuit is greater than the target value.
     /// Negative value indicates that the value of this circuit is less than the target value.
     pub fn difference(&self) -> f64 {
-        self.difference
+        self.circuit_evaluation.difference
     }
 
     /// The unsigned difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
     pub fn unsigned_difference(&self) -> f64 {
-        self.unsigned_difference
+        self.circuit_evaluation.unsigned_difference
     }
 
     /// The signed relative difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
@@ -149,12 +169,12 @@ impl ResponseItem {
     /// Positive value indicates that the value of this circuit is greater than the target value.
     /// Negative value indicates that the value of this circuit is less than the target value.
     pub fn relative_difference(&self) -> f64 {
-        self.relative_difference
+        self.circuit_evaluation.relative_difference
     }
 
     /// The unsigned relative difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
     pub fn unsigned_relative_difference(&self) -> f64 {
-        self.unsigned_relative_difference
+        self.circuit_evaluation.unsigned_relative_difference
     }
 }
 
@@ -179,35 +199,29 @@ impl Response {
     /// # Errors
     ///
     /// See [`ResponseItem::new`].
-    pub fn new(
-        request: &Request,
-        candidates: impl IntoIterator<Item = Circuit>,
-    ) -> Result<Self, LcrConnError> {
-        let cv_trait = CircuitCalculator::new(request.device_kind, request.target_value);
-
+    pub fn new<I>(request: &Request, candidates: I) -> Result<Self, ResponseError>
+    where
+        I: Iterator<Item = Circuit>,
+    {
         let mut items: Vec<ResponseItem> = candidates
             .into_iter()
-            .map(|c| ResponseItem::new(c, &cv_trait))
+            .map(|c| ResponseItem::new(c, request))
             .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
 
         // Sort by different strategy
         match request.response_priority {
             ResponsePriority::LessDevices => {
                 items.sort_by(|a, b| {
-                    a.device_count
-                        .cmp(&b.device_count)
-                        .then_with(|| {
-                            a.unsigned_difference
-                                .partial_cmp(&b.unsigned_difference)
-                                .unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal)
+                    a.device_count().cmp(&b.device_count()).then_with(|| {
+                        OrderedFloat(a.unsigned_difference())
+                            .cmp(&OrderedFloat(b.unsigned_difference()))
                     })
                 });
             }
             ResponsePriority::MoreAccuracy => {
                 items.sort_by(|a, b| {
-                    a.unsigned_difference
-                        .partial_cmp(&b.unsigned_difference)
-                        .unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal)
+                    OrderedFloat(a.unsigned_difference())
+                        .cmp(&OrderedFloat(b.unsigned_difference()))
                 });
             }
         }
@@ -246,11 +260,3 @@ impl Response {
         self.sorted_items.iter()
     }
 }
-
-impl Index<usize> for Response {
-    type Output = ResponseItem;
-
-    fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &Self::Output {
-        &self.sorted_items[index]
-    }
-}

kernel/lcrconn/src/resolver.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+pub mod bfs;
+pub mod lut;
+
+use crate::query::{Request, Response};
+use thiserror::Error as TeError;
+
+/// Aggregated error occurs in every resolvers.
+#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
+pub enum ResolverError {
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    BfsResolver(#[from] bfs::BfsResolverError),
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    LutResolver(#[from] lut::LutResolverError),
+}
+
+/// Abstract base trait for all resolvers.
+pub trait Resolver {
+    /// Resolve the request and return the response.
+    ///
+    /// `request` is the request to resolve.
+    /// The response containing the best matching circuits.
+    fn resolve(&self, request: &Request) -> Result<Response, ResolverError>;
+}
+
+pub use bfs::BfsResolver;
+pub use lut::LutResolver;

kernel/lcrconn/src/resolver/bfs.rs

@@ -1,257 +1,32 @@
+use super::{Resolver, ResolverError};
+use crate::common::{Circuit, CircuitError, CircuitEvaluation, DeviceKind, JointKind};
+use crate::query::{Request, Response, ResponseError};
+use crate::spec::{SpecCatalog, SpecGroup};
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use ordered_float::OrderedFloat;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::BinaryHeap;
-use std::iter::FusedIterator;
+use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
+use thiserror::Error as TeError;
 
-use super::Resolver;
-use crate::common::{Circuit, CircuitCalculator, DeviceKind, JointKind, LcrConnError};
-use crate::dataset::{Dataset, DatasetCollection, DatasetItem};
-use crate::query::{Request, Response};
+// region: BFS Resolver Kernel
 
-// ============================================================================
-// Lazy iterator structs for circuit generation
-// ============================================================================
-
-// YYC MARK:
-// Some circuit are equivalent in topology.
-// If we deduplicate these equaivalent circuit in building result,
-// there are too complex works.
-// So we should deduplicated these equivalent circuit at the beginning,
-// i.e. when generating them.
-// So following iterator structs are taking this job.
-
-/// Iterator over all possible one-device circuits without repeating equivalent topology.
-pub struct OneDeviceCircuitIter<'a> {
-    items: &'a [DatasetItem],
-    pos: usize,
+/// Error occurs BFS resolver.
+#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
+pub enum BfsResolverError {
+    #[error("failed on evaluating circuit: {0}")]
+    EvaluateCircuit(#[from] CircuitError),
+    #[error("fail to build response: {0}")]
+    Response(#[from] ResponseError),
 }
 
-impl<'a> OneDeviceCircuitIter<'a> {
-    pub fn new(items: &'a [DatasetItem]) -> Self {
-        Self { items, pos: 0 }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Iterator for OneDeviceCircuitIter<'_> {
-    type Item = Circuit;
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-        if self.pos < self.items.len() {
-            // Every single device is unique so we directly output them.
-            // This feature is insured by dataset itself.
-            let circuit = Circuit::from_one_device(self.items[self.pos].value);
-            self.pos += 1;
-            Some(circuit)
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl FusedIterator for OneDeviceCircuitIter<'_> {}
-
-/// Iterator over all possible two-device circuits without repeating equivalent topology.
-pub struct TwoDeviceCircuitIter<'a> {
-    items: &'a [DatasetItem],
-    i: usize,
-    j: usize,
-    joint_idx: usize,
-}
-
-impl<'a> TwoDeviceCircuitIter<'a> {
-    pub fn new(items: &'a [DatasetItem]) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            items,
-            i: 0,
-            j: 0,
-            joint_idx: 0,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Iterator for TwoDeviceCircuitIter<'_> {
-    type Item = Circuit;
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-        let n = self.items.len();
-        if n == 0 {
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        loop {
-            if self.joint_idx < JointKind::ALL.len() {
-                let jk = JointKind::ALL[self.joint_idx];
-                self.joint_idx += 1;
-                // The two devices in this circuit is always swapable,
-                // so we iterate them without repeating.
-                return Some(Circuit::from_two_devices(
-                    self.items[self.i].value,
-                    self.items[self.j].value,
-                    jk,
-                ));
-            }
-
-            // Advance to next combination
-            self.joint_idx = 0;
-            self.j += 1;
-            if self.j >= n {
-                self.i += 1;
-                self.j = self.i;
-                if self.i >= n {
-                    return None;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl FusedIterator for TwoDeviceCircuitIter<'_> {}
-
-/// Iterator over three-device circuits where both joints share the same type.
-///
-/// In this case, all 3 devices are swapable and are iterated without repeating.
-pub struct ThreeDeviceSameJointIter<'a> {
-    items: &'a [DatasetItem],
-    i: usize,
-    j: usize,
-    k: usize,
-    joint_idx: usize,
-}
-
-impl<'a> ThreeDeviceSameJointIter<'a> {
-    pub fn new(items: &'a [DatasetItem]) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            items,
-            i: 0,
-            j: 0,
-            k: 0,
-            joint_idx: 0,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Iterator for ThreeDeviceSameJointIter<'_> {
-    type Item = Circuit;
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-        let n = self.items.len();
-        if n == 0 {
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        loop {
-            if self.joint_idx < JointKind::ALL.len() {
-                let jk = JointKind::ALL[self.joint_idx];
-                self.joint_idx += 1;
-                return Some(Circuit::from_three_devices(
-                    self.items[self.i].value,
-                    self.items[self.j].value,
-                    jk,
-                    self.items[self.k].value,
-                    jk,
-                ));
-            }
-
-            self.joint_idx = 0;
-            self.k += 1;
-            if self.k >= n {
-                self.j += 1;
-                self.k = self.j;
-                if self.j >= n {
-                    self.i += 1;
-                    self.j = self.i;
-                    self.k = self.i;
-                    if self.i >= n {
-                        return None;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl FusedIterator for ThreeDeviceSameJointIter<'_> {}
-
-/// Iterator over three-device circuits where the two joint types differ.
-///
-/// In this case, the first 2 devices are swapable and are iterated without repeating,
-/// while the third device iterates over all values independently.
-pub struct ThreeDeviceDiffJointIter<'a> {
-    items: &'a [DatasetItem],
-    i: usize,
-    j: usize,
-    k: usize,
-    joint_idx: usize,
-}
-
-impl<'a> ThreeDeviceDiffJointIter<'a> {
-    pub fn new(items: &'a [DatasetItem]) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            items,
-            i: 0,
-            j: 0,
-            k: 0,
-            joint_idx: 0,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Iterator for ThreeDeviceDiffJointIter<'_> {
-    type Item = Circuit;
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-        let n = self.items.len();
-        if n == 0 {
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        loop {
-            if self.joint_idx < JointKind::ALL.len() {
-                let j = JointKind::ALL[self.joint_idx];
-                self.joint_idx += 1;
-                return Some(Circuit::from_three_devices(
-                    self.items[self.i].value,
-                    self.items[self.j].value,
-                    j,
-                    self.items[self.k].value,
-                    j.flip(),
-                ));
-            }
-
-            self.joint_idx = 0;
-            self.k += 1;
-            if self.k >= n {
-                self.j += 1;
-                self.k = 0;
-                if self.j >= n {
-                    self.i += 1;
-                    self.j = self.i;
-                    self.k = 0;
-                    if self.i >= n {
-                        return None;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl FusedIterator for ThreeDeviceDiffJointIter<'_> {}
-
-/// Type alias for the chained three-device circuit iterator.
-pub type ThreeDeviceCircuitIter<'a> = std::iter::Chain<
-    ThreeDeviceSameJointIter<'a>,
-    ThreeDeviceDiffJointIter<'a>,
->;
-
-// ============================================================================
-// BfsItem
-// ============================================================================
+// region: BFS Item
 
 /// The entry used in BFS iteration storing circuit and value.
 pub struct BfsItem {
     /// The circuit represented by this item.
     circuit: Circuit,
-    /// The computed value of the circuit.
+    /// The evaluated value of the circuit.
     value: f64,
     /// The unsigned difference between the target value and the value of this circuit.
     unsigned_difference: f64,
@@ -259,17 +34,19 @@ pub struct BfsItem {
 
 impl BfsItem {
     /// Create a new BFS item by computing values eagerly.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// See [`CircuitValueTrait::value`].
-    pub fn new(circuit: Circuit, cv_trait: &CircuitCalculator) -> Result<Self, LcrConnError> {
-        let value = cv_trait.value(&circuit)?;
-        let unsigned_difference = cv_trait.unsigned_difference(&circuit, Some(value))?;
+    pub fn new(circuit: Circuit, request: &Request) -> Result<Self, BfsResolverError> {
+        // YYC MARK:
+        // The same reason for replacing cached_property like I done in `ResponseItem`.
+        let eval = CircuitEvaluation::from_circuit(
+            &circuit,
+            request.get_device_kind(),
+            request.get_target_value(),
+        )?;
+
         Ok(Self {
             circuit,
-            value,
-            unsigned_difference,
+            value: eval.value,
+            unsigned_difference: eval.unsigned_difference,
         })
     }
 
@@ -278,7 +55,7 @@ impl BfsItem {
         &self.circuit
     }
 
-    /// The computed value of the circuit.
+    /// The evaluated value of the circuit.
     pub fn value(&self) -> f64 {
         self.value
     }
@@ -294,30 +71,190 @@ impl BfsItem {
     }
 }
 
-// ============================================================================
-// ResultBucket
-// ============================================================================
+// endregion
+
+// region: BFS Resolver
+
+/// A resolver that uses breadth first search to find the best matching circuits.
+pub struct BfsResolver {
+    /// The specs for all device kinds.
+    specs: SpecCatalog,
+}
+
+impl BfsResolver {
+    // YYC MARK:
+    // Some circuit are equivalent in topology.
+    // If we deduplicate these equaivalent circuit in building result, there are too complex works.
+    // So we should deduplicated these equivalent circuit at the beginning, i.e. when generating them.
+    // So following iterator functions are taking this job.
+    //
+    // Additionally, these device values are coming from `spec`.
+    // All values are verified so the building step must success.
+    // So we can safely unwrap them.
+
+    /// Iterate all possible circuits with one device without repeating equivalent topology.
+    pub fn iter_one_device_circuit(specs: &SpecGroup) -> impl Iterator<Item = Circuit> {
+        // Every single device is unique so we directly output them.
+        // This feature is insured by spec itself.
+        specs
+            .iter()
+            .map(|v1| Circuit::from_one_device(v1).expect("unexpected failure on building circuit"))
+    }
+
+    /// Iterate all possible circuits with two devices without repeating equivalent topology.
+    pub fn iter_two_devices_circuit(specs: &SpecGroup) -> impl Iterator<Item = Circuit> {
+        // The two devices in this circuit is always swapable,
+        // so we iterate them without repeating.
+        itertools::iproduct!(
+            specs.iter().array_combinations_with_replacement::<2>(),
+            JointKind::iter()
+        )
+        .map(|([v1, v2], j2)| {
+            Circuit::from_two_devices(v1, v2, j2).expect("unexpected failure on building circuit")
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Iterate all possible circuits with three devices without repeating equivalent topology.
+    pub fn iter_three_devices_circuit(specs: &SpecGroup) -> impl Iterator<Item = Circuit> {
+        // For generating three devices circuit,
+        // it should be consisted by 2 parts.
+        itertools::chain!(
+            // First, the whole circuit has only one joint type.
+            // In this case, 3 devices are swapable and we should iterate them without repeating
+            itertools::iproduct!(
+                specs.iter().array_combinations_with_replacement::<3>(),
+                JointKind::iter()
+            )
+            .map(
+                |([v1, v2, v3], j)| Circuit::from_three_devices(v1, v2, j, v3, j)
+                    .expect("unexpected failure on building circuit")
+            ),
+            // Second, if the joint type is different, then the first 2 devices are swapable.
+            // So we need iterate them without repeating.
+            itertools::iproduct!(
+                specs.iter().array_combinations_with_replacement::<2>(),
+                specs.iter(),
+                JointKind::iter()
+            )
+            .map(|([v1, v2], v3, j)| Circuit::from_three_devices(
+                v1,
+                v2,
+                j,
+                v3,
+                j.flip()
+            )
+            .expect("unexpected failure on building circuit")),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl BfsResolver {
+    /// Create a new BFS resolver with the given specs.
+    pub fn new(specs: SpecCatalog) -> Self {
+        Self { specs }
+    }
+
+    fn pick_specs(&self, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> &SpecGroup {
+        match device_kind {
+            DeviceKind::Resistor => self.specs.resistor_specs(),
+            DeviceKind::Capacitor => self.specs.capacitor_specs(),
+            DeviceKind::Inductor => self.specs.inductor_specs(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn bfs_iteration(
+        specs: &SpecGroup,
+        request: &Request,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<BfsItem, BfsResolverError>> {
+        itertools::chain!(
+            BfsResolver::iter_one_device_circuit(&specs),
+            BfsResolver::iter_two_devices_circuit(&specs),
+            BfsResolver::iter_three_devices_circuit(&specs)
+        )
+        .map(|circuit| BfsItem::new(circuit, request))
+    }
+
+    fn intern_resolve(&self, request: &Request) -> Result<Response, BfsResolverError> {
+        // Pick specs group from catalog
+        let specs = self.pick_specs(request.get_device_kind());
+
+        // Create the result bucket.
+        // The count limit held by request is must be greater than zero, so we can simply unwrap it.
+        let mut bucket =
+            ResultBucket::new(request.get_count_limit()).expect("unexpected blank result bucket");
+
+        // Iterate circuit item one by one
+        for item in BfsResolver::bfs_iteration(specs, request) {
+            let item = item?;
+            // If circuit absolute difference is out of tolerance, skip it directly.
+            if item.unsigned_difference() <= request.get_tolerance() {
+                // Put it into bucket
+                let score = item.unsigned_difference();
+                bucket.insert(item, score);
+            } else {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Return result
+        let circuits = bucket.into_iter().map(|i| i.into_circuit());
+        Ok(Response::new(request, circuits)?)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Resolver for BfsResolver {
+    fn resolve(&self, request: &Request) -> Result<Response, ResolverError> {
+        Ok(self.intern_resolve(request)?)
+    }
+}
+
+// endregion
+
+// endregion
+
+// region: Result Bucket Helper
+
+/// The error occurs in [`ResultBucket`] and [`ResultBucketItem`].
+#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
+enum ResultBucketError {
+    #[error("the size of binary heap {0} is invalid")]
+    BadBinHeapSize(usize),
+}
+
+// region: Result Bucket Item
 
 /// An item stored in a [`ResultBucket`].
 struct ResultBucketItem {
     /// The score associated with this item.
-    score: f64,
-    /// The underlying BfsItem.
+    score: OrderedFloat<f64>,
+    /// The underlying [BfsItem].
     item: BfsItem,
     /// Monotonic counter used as a tiebreaker when scores are equal,
-    /// ensuring that BinaryHeap never compares BfsItem directly.
+    /// ensuring that BinaryHeap never compares [BfsItem] directly.
     seq: usize,
 }
 
 impl ResultBucketItem {
-    fn new(score: f64, item: BfsItem, seq: usize) -> Self {
-        Self { score, item, seq }
+    pub fn new(score: f64, item: BfsItem, seq: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            score: OrderedFloat(score),
+            item,
+            seq,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_score(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.score.0
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_bfs_item(self) -> BfsItem {
+        self.item
     }
 }
 
 impl PartialEq for ResultBucketItem {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.score == other.score && self.seq == other.seq
+        self.score.eq(&other.score) && self.seq.eq(&other.seq)
     }
 }
 
@@ -333,18 +270,21 @@ impl Ord for ResultBucketItem {
     fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
         // BinaryHeap is a max-heap: the greatest element is at the top.
         // We want the entry with the largest score at the top.
-        match self.score.partial_cmp(&other.score) {
-            Some(Ordering::Equal) | None => self.seq.cmp(&other.seq),
-            Some(ord) => ord,
-        }
+        self.score
+            .cmp(&other.score)
+            .then_with(|| self.seq.cmp(&other.seq))
     }
 }
 
+// endregion
+
+// region: Result Bucket
+
 /// A bounded bucket that keeps up to N entries with the smallest scores.
 ///
 /// When the bucket is full, inserting a new item only succeeds if its score
 /// is less than the current maximum; the maximum is then evicted.
-pub struct ResultBucket {
+struct ResultBucket {
     /// Maximum number of items the bucket can hold.
     n: usize,
     /// Max-heap of [`ResultBucketItem`].
@@ -357,24 +297,39 @@ pub struct ResultBucket {
 
 impl ResultBucket {
     /// Create a new bucket that holds at most `n` items.
-    pub fn new(n: usize) -> Self {
-        Self {
+    pub fn new(n: usize) -> Result<Self, ResultBucketError> {
+        // Check heap size
+        if n == 0 {
+            Err(ResultBucketError::BadBinHeapSize(n))
+        } else {
+            Ok(Self {
                 n,
                 heap: BinaryHeap::new(),
                 counter: 0,
+            })
         }
     }
     
+    // YYC MARK:
+    // I want to preserve these 2 functions so I add `allow(dead_code)` to them.
+
     /// The number of items currently in the bucket.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
         self.heap.len()
     }
 
     /// Whether the bucket is empty.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.heap.is_empty()
     }
 
+    /// Consume the bucket and return all stored items.
+    pub fn into_iter(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = BfsItem> {
+        self.heap.into_iter().map(|entry| entry.into_bfs_item())
+    }
+
     /// Insert a [`BfsItem`] with the given score.
     ///
     /// If the bucket is not yet full the item is always inserted.
@@ -382,100 +337,34 @@ impl ResultBucket {
     /// than the largest score currently in the bucket; the entry
     /// with the largest score is then evicted.
     ///
-    /// # Returns
-    ///
-    /// `true` if the item was inserted, `false` otherwise.
+    /// Returns `true` if the item was inserted, `false` otherwise.
     pub fn insert(&mut self, item: BfsItem, score: f64) -> bool {
+        // YYC MARK:
+        // Because this struct stored `n` is must greater than zero,
+        // so after the first `if` branch, the length of this binary heap must be greater than zero.
+        // So there must be at least one item in binary heap.
+        // and we can safely use `expect()` to peek from binary heap.
         let entry = ResultBucketItem::new(score, item, self.counter);
         if self.heap.len() < self.n {
             self.heap.push(entry);
             self.counter += 1;
             true
-        } else if score >= self.heap.peek().unwrap().score {
+        } else if score
+            >= self
+                .heap
+                .peek()
+                .expect("unexpected blank binary heap")
+                .get_score()
+        {
             false
         } else {
-            *self.heap.peek_mut().unwrap() = entry;
+            *self.heap.peek_mut().expect("unexpected blank binary heap") = entry;
             self.counter += 1;
             true
         }
     }
-
-    /// Consume the bucket and return all stored items.
-    pub fn into_items(self) -> Vec<BfsItem> {
-        self.heap.into_iter().map(|entry| entry.item).collect()
-    }
 }
 
-// ============================================================================
-// BfsResolver
-// ============================================================================
+// endregion
 
-/// A resolver that uses brute-force search to find the best matching circuits.
-pub struct BfsResolver {
-    /// The datasets for all device kinds.
-    datasets: DatasetCollection,
-}
-
-impl BfsResolver {
-    /// Create a new BFS resolver with the given datasets.
-    pub fn new(datasets: DatasetCollection) -> Self {
-        Self { datasets }
-    }
-
-    /// Iterate all possible circuits with one device without repeating equivalent topology.
-    pub fn iter_one_device_circuit(dataset: &Dataset) -> OneDeviceCircuitIter<'_> {
-        OneDeviceCircuitIter::new(dataset.items())
-    }
-
-    /// Iterate all possible circuits with two devices without repeating equivalent topology.
-    pub fn iter_two_devices_circuit(dataset: &Dataset) -> TwoDeviceCircuitIter<'_> {
-        TwoDeviceCircuitIter::new(dataset.items())
-    }
-
-    /// Iterate all possible circuits with three devices without repeating equivalent topology.
-    pub fn iter_three_devices_circuit(dataset: &Dataset) -> ThreeDeviceCircuitIter<'_> {
-        ThreeDeviceSameJointIter::new(dataset.items())
-            .chain(ThreeDeviceDiffJointIter::new(dataset.items()))
-    }
-
-    fn pick_dataset(&self, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> &Dataset {
-        match device_kind {
-            DeviceKind::Resistor => self.datasets.resistor_dataset(),
-            DeviceKind::Capacitor => self.datasets.capacitor_dataset(),
-            DeviceKind::Inductor => self.datasets.inductor_dataset(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Resolver for BfsResolver {
-    fn resolve(&self, request: &Request) -> Result<Response, LcrConnError> {
-        // Pick dataset from collection
-        let dataset = self.pick_dataset(request.device_kind);
-
-        // Iterate circuit item one by one
-        let mut bucket = ResultBucket::new(request.count_limit);
-        let cv_trait = CircuitCalculator::new(request.device_kind, request.target_value);
-
-        let circuits = Self::iter_one_device_circuit(dataset)
-            .chain(Self::iter_two_devices_circuit(dataset))
-            .chain(Self::iter_three_devices_circuit(dataset));
-
-        for circuit in circuits {
-            let item = BfsItem::new(circuit, &cv_trait)?;
-            // If circuit absolute difference is out of tolerance, skip it directly.
-            if item.unsigned_difference() > request.tolerance {
-                continue;
-            }
-            // Put it into bucket
-            bucket.insert(item, item.unsigned_difference());
-        }
-
-        // Return result
-        let circuits: Vec<Circuit> = bucket
-            .into_items()
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(BfsItem::into_circuit)
-            .collect();
-        Response::new(request, circuits)
-    }
-}
+// endregion

kernel/lcrconn/src/resolver/lut.rs

@@ -1,28 +1,40 @@
-use std::cmp::Ordering;
-
 use super::bfs::BfsResolver;
-use super::Resolver;
-use crate::common::{Circuit, CircuitCalculator, DeviceKind, LcrConnError};
-use crate::dataset::{Dataset, DatasetCollection};
-use crate::query::{Request, Response};
+use super::{Resolver, ResolverError};
+use crate::common::{Circuit, CircuitError, CircuitEvaluation, DeviceKind};
+use crate::spec::{SpecGroup, SpecCatalog};
+use crate::query::{Request, Response, ResponseError};
+use ordered_float::OrderedFloat;
+use thiserror::Error as TeError;
+
+// region: LUT Resolver Kernel
+
+/// Errors occurs in LUT resolver.
+#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
+pub enum LutResolverError {
+    #[error("failed on evaluating circuit: {0}")]
+    CircuitCalculator(#[from] CircuitError),
+    #[error("fail to build response: {0}")]
+    Response(#[from] ResponseError),
+}
+
+// region: LUT Item
 
 /// An item in the lookup table.
 pub struct LutItem {
     /// The circuit represented by this item.
     circuit: Circuit,
     /// The value of this circuit.
-    value: f64,
+    value: OrderedFloat<f64>,
 }
 
 impl LutItem {
     /// Create a new LUT item by computing the circuit value.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// See [`Circuit::compute`].
-    pub fn new(circuit: Circuit, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> Result<Self, LcrConnError> {
-        let value = circuit.compute(device_kind)?;
-        Ok(Self { circuit, value })
+    pub fn new(circuit: Circuit, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> Result<Self, LutResolverError> {
+        let value = circuit.evaluate(device_kind)?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            circuit,
+            value: OrderedFloat(value),
+        })
     }
 
     /// The circuit represented by this item.
@@ -32,10 +44,14 @@ impl LutItem {
 
     /// The value of this circuit.
     pub fn value(&self) -> f64 {
-        self.value
+        self.value.0
     }
 }
 
+// endregion
+
+// region: LUT Resolver
+
 /// A resolver that uses a lookup table to find the best matching circuit.
 pub struct LutResolver {
     /// The lookup table for resistors.
@@ -47,31 +63,29 @@ pub struct LutResolver {
 }
 
 impl LutResolver {
-    /// Create a new LUT resolver by building lookup tables from the given datasets.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// See [`LutItem::new`].
-    pub fn new(datasets: &DatasetCollection) -> Result<Self, LcrConnError> {
+    /// Create a new LUT resolver by building lookup tables from the given specs.
+    pub fn new(specs: &SpecCatalog) -> Result<Self, LutResolverError> {
         Ok(Self {
-            resistor_lut: Self::build_lut(datasets.resistor_dataset(), DeviceKind::Resistor)?,
-            capacitor_lut: Self::build_lut(datasets.capacitor_dataset(), DeviceKind::Capacitor)?,
-            inductor_lut: Self::build_lut(datasets.inductor_dataset(), DeviceKind::Inductor)?,
+            resistor_lut: Self::build_lut(specs.resistor_specs(), DeviceKind::Resistor)?,
+            capacitor_lut: Self::build_lut(specs.capacitor_specs(), DeviceKind::Capacitor)?,
+            inductor_lut: Self::build_lut(specs.inductor_specs(), DeviceKind::Inductor)?,
         })
     }
 
-    fn build_lut(dataset: &Dataset, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> Result<Vec<LutItem>, LcrConnError> {
-        let mut lut: Vec<LutItem> = Vec::new();
-
-        let circuits = BfsResolver::iter_one_device_circuit(dataset)
-            .chain(BfsResolver::iter_two_devices_circuit(dataset))
-            .chain(BfsResolver::iter_three_devices_circuit(dataset));
-
-        for circuit in circuits {
-            lut.push(LutItem::new(circuit, device_kind)?);
-        }
-
-        lut.sort_by(|a, b| a.value.partial_cmp(&b.value).unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal));
+    fn build_lut(
+        specs: &SpecGroup,
+        device_kind: DeviceKind,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<LutItem>, LutResolverError> {
+        // Fetch all items
+        let mut lut = itertools::chain!(
+            BfsResolver::iter_one_device_circuit(&specs),
+            BfsResolver::iter_two_devices_circuit(&specs),
+            BfsResolver::iter_three_devices_circuit(&specs)
+        )
+        .map(|circuit| -> Result<LutItem, LutResolverError> { LutItem::new(circuit, device_kind) })
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+        // Sort them and return
+        lut.sort_by(|a, b| a.value.cmp(&b.value));
         Ok(lut)
     }
 
@@ -82,75 +96,156 @@ impl LutResolver {
             DeviceKind::Inductor => &self.inductor_lut,
         }
     }
-}
 
-impl Resolver for LutResolver {
-    fn resolve(&self, request: &Request) -> Result<Response, LcrConnError> {
-        let lut = self.pick_lut(request.device_kind);
-        let target = request.target_value;
-        let count_limit = request.count_limit;
+    fn intern_resolve(&self, request: &Request) -> Result<Response, LutResolverError> {
+        let lut = self.pick_lut(request.get_device_kind());
+        let target_value = request.get_target_value();
+        let count_limit = request.get_count_limit();
         let mut bucket: Vec<Circuit> = Vec::new();
 
         // Locate the insertion point of target in the sorted LUT.
         // left/right start at the two nearest neighbours and expand outward.
+        let lower_bound = 0;
+        let upper_bound = lut.len() - 1;
+        let target = OrderedFloat(target_value);
         let idx = lut.partition_point(|item| item.value < target);
+        let mut left = RangedIndex::new(idx, lower_bound, upper_bound);
+        let mut right = left.clone();
+        left.dec();
 
         // Expand outward non-symmetrically: at each step compare the two
-        // candidates on each side and advance the one that is closer to the
-        // target.  This guarantees items are visited in strictly increasing
+        // candidates on each side and advance the one that is closer to the target.  
+        // This guarantees items are visited in strictly increasing
         // difference order, so the first N items within tolerance are exactly
         // the N best matches.
-        let mut left = idx as isize - 1;
-        let mut right = idx as isize;
-        let lut_len = lut.len() as isize;
-
-        let cv_trait = CircuitCalculator::new(request.device_kind, target);
-
-        while left >= 0 || right < lut_len {
+        loop {
+            // Check result count
             if bucket.len() >= count_limit {
                 break;
             }
 
-            let go_left = if left < 0 {
-                false
-            } else if right >= lut_len {
-                true
-            } else {
-                let left_item = &lut[left as usize];
-                let left_diff =
-                    cv_trait.unsigned_difference(left_item.circuit(), Some(left_item.value()))?;
-                let right_item = &lut[right as usize];
-                let right_diff = cv_trait
-                    .unsigned_difference(right_item.circuit(), Some(right_item.value()))?;
+            let go_left = if left.in_range() {
+                if right.in_range() {
+                    let left_item = &lut[left.position()];
+                    let left_diff = CircuitEvaluation::from_circuit_value(left_item.value(),target_value)?.unsigned_difference;
+                    let right_item = &lut[right.position()];
+                    let right_diff = CircuitEvaluation::from_circuit_value(right_item.value(), target_value)?.unsigned_difference;
                     left_diff <= right_diff
+                } else {
+                    true
+                }
+            } else {
+                if right.in_range() {
+                    false
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
             };
 
             let item = if go_left {
-                let item = &lut[left as usize];
-                left -= 1;
+                let item = &lut[left.position()];
+                left.dec();
                 item
             } else {
-                let item = &lut[right as usize];
-                right += 1;
+                let item = &lut[right.position()];
+                right.inc();
                 item
             };
 
-            let diff = cv_trait.unsigned_difference(item.circuit(), Some(item.value()))?;
+            let diff = CircuitEvaluation::from_circuit_value(item.value(), target_value)?.unsigned_difference;
             // Since the LUT is sorted, values on each side only move further
             // from target as we advance.  Once one side exceeds tolerance,
-            // the rest of that side is guaranteed out of range — disable it.
-            if diff > request.tolerance {
-                if go_left {
-                    left = -1;
-                } else {
-                    right = lut_len;
-                }
-                continue;
+            // the rest of that side is guaranteed out of range.
+            if diff > request.get_tolerance() {
+                break;
             }
 
             bucket.push(item.circuit().clone());
         }
 
-        Response::new(request, bucket)
+        Ok(Response::new(request, bucket.into_iter())?)
     }
 }
+
+impl Resolver for LutResolver {
+    fn resolve(&self, request: &Request) -> Result<Response, ResolverError> {
+        Ok(self.intern_resolve(request)?)
+    }
+}
+
+// endregion
+
+// endregion
+
+// region: Ranged Index Helper
+
+/// The ranged index for bisect LUT finding in resolver.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct RangedIndex {
+    pos: Option<usize>,
+    lower_bound: usize,
+    upper_bound: usize,
+}
+
+impl RangedIndex {
+    /// Build ranged index with position, lower and upper bound.
+    pub fn new(pos: usize, lower_bound: usize, upper_bound: usize) -> Self {
+        let pos = if pos < lower_bound || pos > upper_bound {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(pos)
+        };
+
+        Self {
+            pos,
+            lower_bound,
+            upper_bound,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Check if the index is in range. True if it is, otherwise false.
+    pub fn in_range(&self) -> bool {
+        self.pos.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Get the index as usize.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Panic if index is out of range.
+    pub fn position(&self) -> usize {
+        self.pos.expect("unexpected out of range index")
+    }
+
+    /// Increment the index. Return true if the index is advanced.
+    pub fn inc(&mut self) -> bool {
+        match self.pos {
+            Some(pos) => {
+                self.pos = if pos >= self.upper_bound {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(pos + 1)
+                };
+                true
+            }
+            None => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Decrement the index. Return true if the index is advanced.
+    pub fn dec(&mut self) -> bool {
+        match self.pos {
+            Some(pos) => {
+                self.pos = if pos <= self.lower_bound {
+                    None
+                } else {
+                    Some(pos - 1)
+                };
+                true
+            }
+            None => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// endregion

kernel/lcrconn/src/resolver/mod.rs

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-pub mod bfs;
-pub mod lut;
-
-use crate::common::LcrConnError;
-use crate::query::{Request, Response};
-
-/// Abstract base trait for all resolvers.
-pub trait Resolver {
-    /// Resolve the request and return the response.
-    ///
-    /// # Arguments
-    ///
-    /// * `request` - The request to resolve.
-    ///
-    /// # Returns
-    ///
-    /// The response containing the best matching circuits.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// See [`Circuit::compute`](crate::common::Circuit::compute).
-    fn resolve(&self, request: &Request) -> Result<Response, LcrConnError>;
-}
-
-pub use bfs::BfsResolver;
-pub use lut::LutResolver;

kernel/lcrconn/src/spec.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+//! Types for managing the rated values of components available in your lab.
+//!
+//! In this module, a "spec" means a single rated parameter value of a component,
+//! such as `100` Ohms, `4.7k` Ohms, or `10u` Farads. It is **not** a general
+//! technical specification document — it is simply the nominal value printed on
+//! the component's body.
+//!
+//! - [`Spec`] — one rated value (e.g., 4.7k).
+//! - [`SpecGroup`] — all rated values of a given component type that your lab
+//!   actually has in stock (e.g., all resistor values available in your drawer).
+//! - [`SpecCatalog`] — the complete collection of rated values for resistors,
+//!   capacitors, and inductors.
+//!
+//! In short: these types answer the question "which exact component values can
+//! I pick from the shelf?".
+
+use crate::common::{
+    DeviceValueError, FloatingPointError, validate_device_value, validate_floating_point,
+};
+use ordered_float::OrderedFloat;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, BufWriter, Error as IoError, Write};
+use std::num::ParseFloatError;
+use std::path::Path;
+use thiserror::Error as TeError;
+
+/// Errors that can occur when working with rated component values.
+#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
+pub enum SpecError {
+    #[error("invalid device value: {0}")]
+    BadDeviceValue(#[from] DeviceValueError),
+    #[error("bad string form of device value: {0}")]
+    ParseHumanReadableValue(#[from] ParseHumanReadableValueError),
+    #[error("duplicate rated value: {0}")]
+    DupSpecItem(String),
+    #[error("empty rated value group")]
+    EmptySpecGroup,
+    #[error("fail to open rated values file: {0}")]
+    OpenSpecFile(IoError),
+    #[error("fail to read rated values file: {0}")]
+    ReadSpecFile(IoError),
+    #[error("fail to write rated values file: {0}")]
+    WriteSpecFile(IoError),
+}
+
+/// One rated value of a component (e.g., `4.7k` standing for 4700 Ohms).
+///
+/// A `Spec` stores both the parsed numeric value and the original human-readable
+/// string so that the value can be re-serialized exactly as it was entered.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct Spec {
+    /// The numeric rated value (e.g., `4700.0` for `"4.7k"`).
+    value: f64,
+    /// The original human-readable form (e.g., `"4.7k"`), kept for faithful
+    /// round-trip serialization.
+    str_value: String,
+}
+
+impl Spec {
+    /// Create a new rated value from its human-readable representations.
+    pub fn new(str_value: String) -> Result<Self, SpecError> {
+        // Try parsing value and check its range
+        let value = from_human_readable_value(&str_value)?;
+        let value = validate_device_value(value)?;
+        Ok(Self { value, str_value })
+    }
+
+    /// Get the numeric rated value (e.g., `4700.0` for `"4.7k"`).
+    pub fn get_value(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.value
+    }
+
+    /// Get the original human-readable value form (e.g., `"4.7k"`).
+    pub fn get_str_value(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.str_value
+    }
+}
+
+/// All rated values that your lab stocks for a single component type.
+///
+/// For example, a `SpecGroup` for resistors might hold `{100, 220, 470, 1k, 4.7k, 10k}`
+/// — these are the actual resistor values you have on hand. The same concept applies
+/// to capacitors and inductors.
+pub struct SpecGroup {
+    /// The rated values belonging to this group.
+    specs: Vec<Spec>,
+}
+
+impl SpecGroup {
+    /// Internal constructor: parse and deduplicate a sequence of human-readable rated values.
+    fn new<I>(str_values: I) -> Result<Self, SpecError>
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = String>,
+    {
+        // Check string form value one by one
+        let mut specs: Vec<Spec> = Vec::new();
+        let mut seen: HashSet<OrderedFloat<f64>> = HashSet::new();
+
+        for str_value in str_values {
+            // Build spec instance
+            let spec = Spec::new(str_value)?;
+            // Check and update set
+            if !seen.insert(OrderedFloat(spec.get_value())) {
+                return Err(SpecError::DupSpecItem(spec.get_str_value().to_string()));
+            }
+            // Add into result
+            specs.push(spec);
+        }
+
+        // Check empty case
+        if specs.is_empty() {
+            return Err(SpecError::EmptySpecGroup);
+        }
+
+        // Ok, assign it
+        Ok(Self { specs })
+    }
+
+    /// Build a spec group from any iterable of human-readable rated values (e.g., `"4.7k"`, `"100"`).
+    pub fn from_iterator<I, S>(str_values: I) -> Result<Self, SpecError>
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = S>,
+        S: Into<String>,
+    {
+        Self::new(str_values.into_iter().map(|i| i.into()))
+    }
+
+    /// Read rated values from a text block, one value per non-empty line.
+    pub fn from_text(text: &str) -> Result<Self, SpecError> {
+        let lines = text
+            .lines()
+            .map(|line| line.trim().to_string())
+            .filter(|line| !line.is_empty());
+        Self::from_iterator(lines)
+    }
+
+    /// Read rated values from a file, one value per non-empty line.
+    pub fn from_file<P>(path: P) -> Result<Self, SpecError>
+    where
+        P: AsRef<Path>,
+    {
+        let file = File::open(path).map_err(|err| SpecError::OpenSpecFile(err))?;
+        let reader = BufReader::new(file);
+        let lines = reader
+            .lines()
+            .map(|line| line.map(|line| line.trim().to_string()))
+            .filter(|line| !matches!(line, Ok(line) if line.is_empty()))
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+            .map_err(|err| SpecError::ReadSpecFile(err))?;
+        Self::from_iterator(lines.into_iter())
+    }
+
+    /// A commonly used set of resistor rated values (E12‑derived).
+    pub fn resistor_preset() -> Self {
+        Self::from_iterator([
+            "100", "220", "270", "390", "470", "680", "1k", "1.2k", "1.5k", "2.2k", "3.3k", "4.7k",
+            "6.8k", "10k", "47k", "100k", "1M",
+        ]).expect("unexpected bad rated values preset")
+    }
+
+    /// A commonly used set of capacitor rated values.
+    pub fn capacitor_preset() -> Self {
+        Self::from_iterator([
+            "10p", "22p", "33p", "47p", "68p", "100p", "150p", "220p", "330p", "470p", "560p",
+            "1u", "2.2u", "3.3u", "4.7u", "10u", "22u", "47u", "100u", "220u", "470u",
+        ]).expect("unexpected bad rated values preset")
+    }
+
+    /// A commonly used set of inductor rated values.
+    pub fn inductor_preset() -> Self {
+        Self::from_iterator([
+            "0.1u", "0.15u", "0.47u", "0.68u", "1u", "1.5u", "2.2u", "3.3u", "4.7u", "6.8u",
+            "8.2u", "10u", "15u", "22u", "33u", "47u", "68u", "100u",
+        ]).expect("unexpected bad rated values preset")
+    }
+
+    fn save(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
+        self.specs.iter().map(|i| i.str_value.as_str())
+    }
+
+    /// Iterate over the human-readable form of every rated value (for re-serialization).
+    pub fn save_iterator(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
+        self.save()
+    }
+
+    /// Join all rated values with newlines into a single string (for re-serialization).
+    pub fn save_text(&self) -> String {
+        itertools::join(self.save_iterator(), "\n")
+    }
+
+    /// Write all rated values to a file, one per line.
+    pub fn save_file<P>(&self, path: P) -> Result<(), SpecError>
+    where
+        P: AsRef<Path>,
+    {
+        let file = File::open(path).map_err(|err| SpecError::OpenSpecFile(err))?;
+        let mut writer = BufWriter::new(file);
+        for line in self.save_iterator() {
+            writer
+                .write_all(line.as_bytes())
+                .map_err(|err| SpecError::WriteSpecFile(err))?;
+            writer
+                .write_all("\n".as_bytes())
+                .map_err(|err| SpecError::WriteSpecFile(err))?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// How many rated values this group contains.
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.specs.len()
+    }
+
+    /// Get the numeric rated value at the given index.
+    pub fn get(&self, index: usize) -> Option<f64> {
+        self.specs.get(index).map(|i| i.value)
+    }
+
+    /// Iterate over all numeric rated values in this group.
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = f64> + Clone {
+        self.specs.iter().map(|i| i.value)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The full catalogue of rated component values your lab stocks.
+///
+/// Bundles three [`SpecGroup`]s — one each for resistors, capacitors, and
+/// inductors. This is the top-level entry point for answering "which component
+/// values are available?".
+pub struct SpecCatalog {
+    /// Rated values available for resistors.
+    resistor: SpecGroup,
+    /// Rated values available for capacitors.
+    capacitor: SpecGroup,
+    /// Rated values available for inductors.
+    inductor: SpecGroup,
+}
+
+impl SpecCatalog {
+    /// Assemble a catalogue from the three device‑type spec groups.
+    pub fn new(resistor: SpecGroup, capacitor: SpecGroup, inductor: SpecGroup) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            resistor,
+            capacitor,
+            inductor,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Build a catalogue from three iterables of human‑readable rated values.
+    ///
+    /// * `resistor` — values such as `"100"`, `"4.7k"`, etc.
+    /// * `capacitor` — values such as `"10p"`, `"4.7u"`, etc.
+    /// * `inductor` — values such as `"1u"`, `"10u"`, etc.
+    pub fn from_iterable<I1, S1, I2, S2, I3, S3>(
+        resistor: I1,
+        capacitor: I2,
+        inductor: I3,
+    ) -> Result<Self, SpecError>
+    where
+        I1: IntoIterator<Item = S1>,
+        S1: Into<String>,
+        I2: IntoIterator<Item = S2>,
+        S2: Into<String>,
+        I3: IntoIterator<Item = S3>,
+        S3: Into<String>,
+    {
+        Ok(Self {
+            resistor: SpecGroup::from_iterator(resistor)?,
+            capacitor: SpecGroup::from_iterator(capacitor)?,
+            inductor: SpecGroup::from_iterator(inductor)?,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Build a catalogue from three text blocks, one value per line.
+    ///
+    /// * `resistor` — the resistor rated‑values text.
+    /// * `capacitor` — the capacitor rated‑values text.
+    /// * `inductor` — the inductor rated‑values text.
+    pub fn from_text(resistor: &str, capacitor: &str, inductor: &str) -> Result<Self, SpecError> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            resistor: SpecGroup::from_text(resistor)?,
+            capacitor: SpecGroup::from_text(capacitor)?,
+            inductor: SpecGroup::from_text(inductor)?,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Build a catalogue from three files, one value per line.
+    ///
+    /// * `resistor` — path to the resistor rated‑values file.
+    /// * `capacitor` — path to the capacitor rated‑values file.
+    /// * `inductor` — path to the inductor rated‑values file.
+    pub fn from_file<P1, P2, P3>(
+        resistor: P1,
+        capacitor: P2,
+        inductor: P3,
+    ) -> Result<Self, SpecError>
+    where
+        P1: AsRef<Path>,
+        P2: AsRef<Path>,
+        P3: AsRef<Path>,
+    {
+        Ok(Self {
+            resistor: SpecGroup::from_file(resistor)?,
+            capacitor: SpecGroup::from_file(capacitor)?,
+            inductor: SpecGroup::from_file(inductor)?,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// A ready‑to‑use catalogue with common resistor, capacitor and inductor rated values.
+    pub fn devices_preset() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            resistor: SpecGroup::resistor_preset(),
+            capacitor: SpecGroup::capacitor_preset(),
+            inductor: SpecGroup::inductor_preset(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return one save‑iterator for each of the three device types.
+    pub fn save_iterator(
+        &self,
+    ) -> (
+        impl Iterator<Item = &str>,
+        impl Iterator<Item = &str>,
+        impl Iterator<Item = &str>,
+    ) {
+        (
+            self.resistor.save_iterator(),
+            self.capacitor.save_iterator(),
+            self.inductor.save_iterator(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Return the text representation of all three device‑type value sets.
+    pub fn save_text(&self) -> (String, String, String) {
+        (
+            self.resistor.save_text(),
+            self.capacitor.save_text(),
+            self.inductor.save_text(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Save all three device‑type value sets to files, one value per line.
+    ///
+    /// * `resistor` — file path for the resistor values.
+    /// * `capacitor` — file path for the capacitor values.
+    /// * `inductor` — file path for the inductor values.
+    pub fn save_file<P1, P2, P3>(
+        &self,
+        resistor: P1,
+        capacitor: P2,
+        inductor: P3,
+    ) -> Result<(), SpecError>
+    where
+        P1: AsRef<Path>,
+        P2: AsRef<Path>,
+        P3: AsRef<Path>,
+    {
+        self.resistor.save_file(resistor)?;
+        self.capacitor.save_file(capacitor)?;
+        self.inductor.save_file(inductor)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Access the resistor rated‑value set.
+    pub fn resistor_specs(&self) -> &SpecGroup {
+        &self.resistor
+    }
+
+    /// Access the capacitor rated‑value set.
+    pub fn capacitor_specs(&self) -> &SpecGroup {
+        &self.capacitor
+    }
+
+    /// Access the inductor rated‑value set.
+    pub fn inductor_specs(&self) -> &SpecGroup {
+        &self.inductor
+    }
+}
+
+// region: Human Readable Value
+
+#[derive(Debug, TeError)]
+pub enum ParseHumanReadableValueError {
+    #[error("fail to parse floating point part of given human readable value: {0}")]
+    ParseFloat(#[from] ParseFloatError),
+    #[error("arithmetic error: {0}")]
+    BadArithmetic(#[from] FloatingPointError),
+}
+
+/// Convert human readable value to float.
+///
+/// `strl` is the human readable value.
+/// The return value is the parsed float value. or error occurs when parsing.
+///
+/// This function guarantee that return value must be a valid floating value.
+/// But do not guarantee that it can be used as device value.
+/// It is possible that it is negative or zero floating point value.
+pub fn from_human_readable_value(strl: &str) -> Result<f64, ParseHumanReadableValueError> {
+    let strl = strl.trim();
+
+    let (num_part, multiplier) = if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('n') {
+        (stripped, 1e-12)
+    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('p') {
+        (stripped, 1e-9)
+    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('u') {
+        (stripped, 1e-6)
+    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('m') {
+        (stripped, 1e-3)
+    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('k') {
+        (stripped, 1e3)
+    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('M') {
+        (stripped, 1e6)
+    } else if let Some(stripped) = strl.strip_suffix('G') {
+        (stripped, 1e9)
+    } else {
+        (strl, 1.0)
+    };
+
+    let num = num_part.parse::<f64>()?;
+    Ok(validate_floating_point(num * multiplier)?)
+}
+
+/// The unit scale for human readable value.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum UnitScale {
+    NanoLower,
+    Nano,
+    Micro,
+    Milli,
+    None,
+    Kilo,
+    Mega,
+    Giga,
+    GigaHigher,
+}
+
+/// Get the unit scale of human readable value.
+///
+/// `v` is the value for analyzing scale.
+/// It must be a valid floating point value.
+/// 
+/// # Panics
+/// 
+/// This function panics when given floating point value is bad.
+pub fn get_human_readable_value_scale(v: f64) -> UnitScale {
+    let v = validate_floating_point(v).expect("unexpected bad floating point value");
+    let v = v.abs();
+    if v < 1e-12 {
+        UnitScale::NanoLower
+    } else if v < 1e-9 {
+        UnitScale::Nano
+    } else if v < 1e-6 {
+        UnitScale::Micro
+    } else if v < 1e-3 {
+        UnitScale::Milli
+    } else if v < 1e3 {
+        UnitScale::None
+    } else if v < 1e6 {
+        UnitScale::Kilo
+    } else if v < 1e9 {
+        UnitScale::Mega
+    } else if v < 1e12 {
+        UnitScale::Giga
+    } else {
+        UnitScale::GigaHigher
+    }
+}
+
+/// Convert float value to human readable value.
+///
+/// `v`is the float value for formatting as human readable value.
+/// It must be a valid floating point value.
+/// 
+/// # Panics
+/// 
+/// This function panics when given floating point value is bad.
+pub fn to_human_readable_value(v: f64) -> String {
+    let scale = get_human_readable_value_scale(v);
+    match scale {
+        UnitScale::NanoLower => format!("{:+.4e} n", v / 1e-12),
+        UnitScale::Nano => format!("{:+.4} p", v / 1e-9),
+        UnitScale::Micro => format!("{:+.4} u", v / 1e-6),
+        UnitScale::Milli => format!("{:+.4} m", v / 1e-3),
+        // YYC MARK:
+        // The space of this format string is by design
+        // for keeping the same style with other format strings.
+        UnitScale::None => format!("{:+.4} ", v),
+        UnitScale::Kilo => format!("{:+.4} k", v / 1e3),
+        UnitScale::Mega => format!("{:+.4} M", v / 1e6),
+        UnitScale::Giga => format!("{:+.4} G", v / 1e9),
+        UnitScale::GigaHigher => format!("{:+.4e} G", v / 1e9),
+    }
+}
+
+// endregion

kernel/lcrconn/tests/spec.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use lcrconn::spec;
+
+#[test]
+fn test_spec_preset() {
+    // All individual preset and catalog preset should nit panic
+    let _ = spec::SpecGroup::resistor_preset();
+    let _ = spec::SpecGroup::capacitor_preset();
+    let _ = spec::SpecGroup::inductor_preset();
+
+    let _ = spec::SpecCatalog::devices_preset();
+}

legacy/src/lcr_connector/__init__.py

@@ -321,6 +321,7 @@ class App:
     def __get_device_unit(self, device_kind: DeviceKind) -> str:
         match device_kind:
             case DeviceKind.RESISTOR:
+                # YYC MARK: This is ohm char.
                 return "\u2126"
             case DeviceKind.CAPACITOR:
                 return "F"

legacy/src/lcr_connector/resolver/lut.py

@@ -121,13 +121,9 @@ class LutResolver(Resolver):
             diff = ccalc.unsigned_difference(item.circuit, value=item.value)
             # Since the LUT is sorted, values on each side only move further
             # from target as we advance.  Once one side exceeds tolerance,
-            # the rest of that side is guaranteed out of range — disable it.
+            # the rest of that side is guaranteed out of range.
             if diff > request.tolerance:
-                if go_left:
-                    left = -1
-                else:
-                    right = len(lut)
-                continue
+                break
 
             bucket.append(item.circuit)