diff --git a/src/yycc/string/op.cpp b/src/yycc/string/op.cpp
index 79af3ef..9b2525d 100644
--- a/src/yycc/string/op.cpp
+++ b/src/yycc/string/op.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include "op.hpp"
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
-#include <iterator>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -113,19 +112,15 @@ namespace yycc::string::op {
     std::u8string join(JoinDataProvider fct_data, const std::u8string_view& delimiter) {
         std::u8string ret;
         bool is_first = true;
-        std::u8string_view element;
 
         // fetch element
-        while (fct_data(element)) {
-            // insert delimiter
+        while (auto item = fct_data()) {
+            // append delimiter if it is not first
             if (is_first) is_first = false;
-            else {
-                // append delimiter.
-                ret.append(delimiter);
-            }
+            else ret.append(delimiter);
 
-            // insert element if it is not empty
-            if (!element.empty()) ret.append(element);
+            // append element
+            ret.append(item.value());
         }
 
         return ret;
diff --git a/src/yycc/string/op.hpp b/src/yycc/string/op.hpp
index e9a9a3d..3e6e8dd 100644
--- a/src/yycc/string/op.hpp
+++ b/src/yycc/string/op.hpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <vector>
 #include <optional>
+#include <iterator>
 
 namespace yycc::string::op {
 
@@ -67,13 +68,12 @@ namespace yycc::string::op {
     /**
 	 * @brief The data provider of general join function.
 	 * @details
+     * This data provider is more like Rust iterator.
 	 * For programmer using lambda to implement this function pointer:
-	 * \li During calling, implementation should assign the reference of string view passed in argument
-	 * to the string which need to be joined.
-	 * \li Function return true to continue joining. otherwise return false to stop joining. 
-	 * The argument content assigned in the calling returning false is not included in join process.
+     * \li Return \c std::nullopt if there is no more data for join.
+     * \li Return \c std::u8string_view for the data of join.
 	*/
-    using JoinDataProvider = std::function<bool(std::u8string_view&)>;
+    using JoinDataProvider = std::function<std::optional<std::u8string_view>()>;
     /**
 	 * @brief Universal join function.
 	 * @details
@@ -96,16 +96,15 @@ namespace yycc::string::op {
 	 * @param[in] delimiter The delimiter used for joining.
 	 * @return The result string of joining.
 	*/
-    template<class InputIt>
+    template<std::input_iterator InputIt>
+        requires std::is_constructible_v<std::u8string_view, std::iter_value_t<InputIt>>
     std::u8string join(InputIt first, InputIt last, const std::u8string_view& delimiter) {
         return join(
-            [&first, &last](std::u8string_view& view) -> bool {
-                // if we reach tail, return false to stop join process
-                if (first == last) return false;
+            [&first, &last]() -> std::optional<std::u8string_view> {
+                // if we reach tail, return std::nullopt to stop join process
+                if (first == last) return std::nullopt;
                 // otherwise fetch data, inc iterator and return.
-                view = *first;
-                ++first;
-                return true;
+                return std::u8string_view(*(first++));
             },
             delimiter);
     }