fix: fix libcxx patch error

- remove the bracker (<bla>) in clap test because clap will automatically add it.

.github/scripts/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# GitHub Action Scripts
+
+These script files are only used for GitHub Action.
+These script files should only be executed in their root directory respectively.

.github/scripts/gbenchmark/linux.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Create build and install directory
+mkdir build install
+
+# Build project
+cd build
+cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING=OFF -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
+cmake --build .
+cmake --install . --prefix=../install
+cd ..
+
+# Record install directory
+cd install
+export benchmark_ROOT=$(pwd)
+cd ..

.github/scripts/gbenchmark/macos.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Create build and install directory
+mkdir build install
+
+# Build project
+cd build
+cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING=OFF -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
+cmake --build .
+cmake --install . --prefix=../install
+cd ..
+
+# Record install directory
+cd install
+export benchmark_ROOT=$(pwd)
+cd ..

.github/scripts/gbenchmark/windows.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+
+:: Create build and install directory
+MKDIR build
+MKDIR install
+
+:: Build project
+CD build
+cmake -A x64 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING=OFF ..
+cmake --build . --config Release
+cmake --install . --prefix=../install --config Release
+CD ..
+
+:: Record install directory
+CD install
+SET benchmark_ROOT=%CD%
+CD ..

.github/scripts/gtest/linux.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Create build and install directory
+mkdir build install
+
+# Build project
+cd build
+cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -Dgtest_force_shared_crt=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
+cmake --build .
+cmake --install . --prefix=../install
+cd ..
+
+# Record install directory
+cd install
+export GTest_ROOT=$(pwd)
+cd ..

.github/scripts/gtest/macos.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Create build and install directory
+mkdir build install
+
+# Build project
+cd build
+cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -Dgtest_force_shared_crt=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
+cmake --build .
+cmake --install . --prefix=../install
+cd ..
+
+# Record install directory
+cd install
+export GTest_ROOT=$(pwd)
+cd ..

.github/scripts/gtest/windows.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+
+:: Create build and install directory
+MKDIR build
+MKDIR install
+
+:: Build project
+CD build
+cmake -A x64 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -Dgtest_force_shared_crt=ON  ..
+cmake --build . --config Release
+cmake --install . --prefix=../install --config Release
+CD ..
+
+:: Record install directory
+CD install
+SET GTest_ROOT=%CD%
+CD ..

.github/scripts/linux.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Create build directory and enter it
+mkdir bin
+cd bin
+# Create internal build and install directory, then enter it
+mkdir build
+mkdir install
+
+# Build in Release mode
+cd build
+cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DYYCC_BUILD_TEST=ON -DGTest_ROOT=$GTest_ROOT -DYYCC_BUILD_BENCHMARK=ON -Dbenchmark_ROOT=$benchmark_ROOT ../..
+cmake --build .
+cmake --install . --prefix=../install
+cd ..
+
+# Back to root directory
+cd ..

.github/scripts/macos.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Create build directory and enter it
+mkdir bin
+cd bin
+# Create internal build and install directory, then enter it
+mkdir build
+mkdir install
+
+# Build in Release mode
+cd build
+cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DYYCC_BUILD_TEST=ON -DGTest_ROOT=$GTest_ROOT -DYYCC_BUILD_BENCHMARK=ON -Dbenchmark_ROOT=$benchmark_ROOT ../..
+cmake --build .
+cmake --install . --prefix=../install
+cd ..
+
+# Back to root directory
+cd ..

.github/scripts/windows.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+
+:: Create build directory and enter it
+MKDIR bin
+CD bin
+:: Create internal build and install directory, then enter it
+MKDIR build
+MKDIR install
+
+:: Build with x64 architecture in Release mode
+CD build
+cmake -A x64 -DYYCC_BUILD_TEST=ON -DGTest_ROOT=%GTest_ROOT% -DYYCC_BUILD_BENCHMARK=ON -Dbenchmark_ROOT=%benchmark_ROOT% ../..
+cmake --build . --config Release
+cmake --install . --prefix=../install --config Release
+CD ..
+
+:: Back to root directory
+CD ..

.github/workflows/linux.yml

@@ -10,35 +10,54 @@ jobs:
     - name: Checkout Repository
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Install Dependencies
+      shell: bash
       run: |
         sudo apt update
         sudo apt install -y build-essential cmake git
-    # - name: Setup Google Test and Google Benchmark
-    #   run: |
-    #     # Setup Google Test
-    #     git clone -b v1.17.0 https://github.com/google/googletest.git external/googletest
-    #     cd external/googletest
-    #     mkdir build install
-    #     cd build
-    #     cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -Dgtest_force_shared_crt=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
-    #     cmake --build .
-    #     cmake --install . --prefix=../install
-    #     cd ../..
-    #     # Setup Google Benchmark
-    #     git clone -b v1.9.4 https://github.com/google/benchmark.git external/benchmark
-    #     cd external/benchmark
-    #     # Create symlink to googletest as required by benchmark
-    #     ln -s ../googletest googletest
-    #     mkdir build install
-    #     cd build
-    #     cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING=OFF -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
-    #     cmake --build .
-    #     cmake --install . --prefix=../install
-    #     cd ../..
-    - name: Build YYCC
+    - name: Fetch Google Test
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        repository: 'google/googletest'
+        ref: 'v1.17.0'
+        path: 'extern/googletest'
+    - name: Build Google Test
+      shell: bash
       run: |
-        chmod +x ./.github/linux_build.sh
-        ./.github/linux_build.sh
+        cd extern/googletest
+        # Build Google Test
+        source ../../.github/scripts/gtest/linux.sh
+        # Record environment variable
+        echo "GTest_ROOT=$GTest_ROOT" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        cd ../..
+    - name: Fetch Google Benchmark
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        repository: 'google/benchmark'
+        ref: 'v1.9.4'
+        path: 'extern/benchmark'
+    - name: Build Google Benchmark
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        cd extern/benchmark
+        # Create symlink to googletest as required by benchmark
+        ln -s ../googletest googletest
+        # Build Google Benchmark
+        source ../../.github/scripts/gbenchmark/linux.sh
+        # Record environment variable
+        echo "benchmark_ROOT=$benchmark_ROOT" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        cd ../..
+    - name: Build YYCC
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        source ./.github/scripts/linux.sh
+    - name: Run YYCC Test
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ./bin/install/bin/YYCCTest
+    - name: Run YYCC Benchmark
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ./bin/install/bin/YYCCBenchmark
     - name: Upload Built Artifact
       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:

.github/workflows/macos.yml

@@ -9,32 +9,50 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Repository
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    # - name: Setup Google Test and Google Benchmark
-    #   run: |
-    #     # Setup Google Test
-    #     git clone -b v1.17.0 https://github.com/google/googletest.git external/googletest
-    #     cd external/googletest
-    #     mkdir build install
-    #     cd build
-    #     cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -Dgtest_force_shared_crt=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
-    #     cmake --build .
-    #     cmake --install . --prefix=../install
-    #     cd ../..
-    #     # Setup Google Benchmark
-    #     git clone -b v1.9.4 https://github.com/google/benchmark.git external/benchmark
-    #     cd external/benchmark
-    #     # Create symlink to googletest as required by benchmark
-    #     ln -s ../googletest googletest
-    #     mkdir build install
-    #     cd build
-    #     cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING=OFF -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
-    #     cmake --build .
-    #     cmake --install . --prefix=../install
-    #     cd ../..
-    - name: Build YYCC
+    - name: Fetch Google Test
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        repository: 'google/googletest'
+        ref: 'v1.17.0'
+        path: 'extern/googletest'
+    - name: Build Google Test
+      shell: bash
       run: |
-        chmod +x ./.github/macos_build.sh
-        ./.github/macos_build.sh
+        cd extern/googletest
+        # Build Google Test
+        source ../../.github/scripts/gtest/macos.sh
+        # Record environment variable
+        echo "GTest_ROOT=$GTest_ROOT" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        cd ../..
+    - name: Fetch Google Benchmark
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        repository: 'google/benchmark'
+        ref: 'v1.9.4'
+        path: 'extern/benchmark'
+    - name: Build Google Benchmark
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        cd extern/benchmark
+        # Create symlink to googletest as required by benchmark
+        ln -s ../googletest googletest
+        # Build Google Benchmark
+        source ../../.github/scripts/gbenchmark/macos.sh
+        # Record environment variable
+        echo "benchmark_ROOT=$benchmark_ROOT" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+        cd ../..
+    - name: Build YYCC
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        source ./.github/scripts/macos.sh
+    - name: Run YYCC Test
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ./bin/install/bin/YYCCTest
+    - name: Run YYCC Benchmark
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        ./bin/install/bin/YYCCBenchmark
     - name: Upload Built Artifact
       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:

.github/workflows/windows.yml

@@ -16,36 +16,59 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - name: Checkout Repository
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    # - name: Setup Google Test and Google Benchmark
-    #   run: |
-    #     # Setup Google Test
-    #     git clone -b v1.17.0 https://github.com/google/googletest.git external/googletest
-    #     cd external/googletest
-    #     mkdir build install
-    #     cd build
-    #     cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -Dgtest_force_shared_crt=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
-    #     cmake --build . --config Release
-    #     cmake --install . --prefix=../install --config Release
-    #     cd ../..
-    #     # Setup Google Benchmark
-    #     git clone -b v1.9.4 https://github.com/google/benchmark.git external/benchmark
-    #     cd external/benchmark
-    #     # Create symlink to googletest as required by benchmark
-    #     mklink /D googletest ../googletest
-    #     mkdir build install
-    #     cd build
-    #     cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 -DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_TESTING=OFF -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
-    #     cmake --build . --config Release
-    #     cmake --install . --prefix=../install --config Release
-    #     cd ../..
+    - name: Fetch Google Test
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        repository: 'google/googletest'
+        ref: 'v1.17.0'
+        path: 'extern/googletest'
+    - name: Build Google Test
+      shell: cmd
+      run: |
+        CD extern\googletest
+        :: Build Google Test
+        CALL ..\..\.github\scripts\gtest\windows.bat
+        :: Idk why I can't use $GITHUB_ENV, so I use this stupid way to do this.
+        :: This is first entry so we override it.
+        ECHO SET GTest_ROOT=%GTest_ROOT% > ..\envs.bat
+        CD ..\..
+    - name: Fetch Google Benchmark
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        repository: 'google/benchmark'
+        ref: 'v1.9.4'
+        path: 'extern/benchmark'
+    - name: Build Google Benchmark
+      shell: cmd
+      run: |
+        CD extern\benchmark
+        :: Create symlink to googletest as required by benchmark
+        mklink /D googletest ..\googletest
+        :: Build Google Benchmark
+        CALL ..\..\.github\scripts\gbenchmark\windows.bat
+        :: This is second entry so we append it.
+        ECHO SET benchmark_ROOT=%benchmark_ROOT% >> ..\envs.bat
+        CD ..\..
     - name: Build YYCC
       shell: cmd
       run: |
+        :: Prepare Visual Studio
         set VS=${{ matrix.vs }}
         set VCVARS="C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\%VS%\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat"
         if not exist %VCVARS% set VCVARS="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\%VS%\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat"
         call %VCVARS% ${{ matrix.msvc_arch }}
-        .\.github\windows_build.bat
+        :: Extract saved environment variables
+        CALL .\extern\envs.bat
+        :: Build Project
+        CALL .\.github\scripts\windows.bat
+    - name: Run YYCC Test
+      shell: cmd
+      run: |
+        .\bin\install\bin\YYCCTest.exe
+    - name: Run YYCC Benchmark
+      shell: cmd
+      run: |
+        .\bin\install\bin\YYCCBenchmark.exe
     - name: Upload Built Artifact
       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:

.gitignore

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 out/
 build/
 install/
+extern/
 
 # Ignore CMake generated stuff
 src/yycc/version.hpp

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ set(YYCC_INSTALL_BIN_PATH ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} CACHE PATH
 set(YYCC_INSTALL_DOC_PATH ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DOCDIR} CACHE PATH
 "Non-arch doc install path relative to CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX unless set to an absolute path.")
 
+# Test charconv support due to shitty clang's libcxx.
+include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/cmake/check_charconv.cmake)
+
 # Include dependency.
 # GTest is required if we build test
 if (YYCC_BUILD_TEST)
@@ -37,6 +40,10 @@ endif ()
 if (YYCC_BUILD_BENCHMARK)
     find_package(benchmark REQUIRED)
 endif ()
+# Doxygen is required if we build doc
+if (YYCC_BUILD_DOC)
+    find_package(Doxygen REQUIRED)
+endif ()
 # Iconv is required if we are not in Windows or user request it
 if (YYCC_ENFORCE_ICONV OR (NOT WIN32))
     find_package(Iconv REQUIRED)

COMPILE.md

@@ -27,10 +27,16 @@ So you actually do not need Google Test, Google Benchmark and Doxygen.
 ### Compiler
 
 > [!WARNING]  
-> You may face some issues when building on macOS with Clang. That's not your fault.
-> Clang used libc++ library lacks some essential features used by this project.
-> A possible solution is that use GCC and libstdc++ on macOS instead of default Clang and libc++.
-> Build issue may be resolved until libc++ finish these features: `std::stacktrace` and `std::views::enumerate`.
+> You may face some issues when building on macOS with Apple Clang. That's not your fault.
+> Clang and Apple Clang used libc++ library lacks some essential features used by this project.
+> This is especially not good for Apple Clang because Apple Clang is usually behind Clang a bunch of versions.
+> 
+> For resolving this issue, I have written a series of patch header files for libcxx and you can find them in include directory.
+> This project should be compiled on macOS but everything has exception.
+> If you really have this issue, a possible solution is that use GCC and libstdc++ on macOS instead of default Clang and libc++.
+> 
+> Build issue may be resolved until libc++ finish these features: complete `std::from_chars` and `std::to_chars`,
+> `std::stacktrace` and `std::views::enumerate`.
 
 ### Google Test
 
@@ -106,7 +112,13 @@ If you are a developer (developer of this project, or use this project as depend
 
 "User Build" is basically how GitHub Action build this project.
 
-Execute `.github/windows_build.bat` on Windows or `.github/linux_build.sh` on POSIX-like OS (Linux and macOS) under **the root directory** of this project. The final built artifact is under `bin/install` directory.
+Under **the root directory** of this project, execute:
+
+- `script/windows_build.bat` on Windows
+- or `script/linux_build.sh` on Linux
+- or `script/macos_build.sh` on macOS
+
+The final built artifact is under `bin/install` directory.
 
 ### Developer Build
 
@@ -127,9 +139,9 @@ Please note that generated documentation is different in different platforms.
 * `YYCC_ENFORCE_ICONV`: Set it to `ON` to enable Iconv feature forcely. `OFF` in default.
 The usage of this option has been introduced in previous "Iconv" chapter.
 * `GTest_ROOT`: Set to the install path of Google Test
- if you have enable `YYCC_BUILD_TEST` and want to use your personal built Google Test.
+if you have enable `YYCC_BUILD_TEST` and want to use your personal built Google Test.
 * `benchmark_ROOT`: Set to the install path of Google Benchmark
- if you have enable `YYCC_BUILD_BENCHMARK` and want to use your personal built Google Benchmark.
+if you have enable `YYCC_BUILD_BENCHMARK` and want to use your personal built Google Benchmark.
 * `Iconv_ROOT`: The assistant variable for finding Iconv which is exposed by CMake.
 You usually do not need set it up.
 * `CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD`: Set C++ standard version of project.

benchmark/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -26,3 +26,8 @@ PRIVATE
     YYCCommonplace
     benchmark::benchmark
 )
+
+# Install binary
+install(TARGETS YYCCBenchmark
+    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${YYCC_INSTALL_BIN_PATH}
+)

cmake/YYCCommonplaceConfig.cmake.in

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 
 @PACKAGE_INIT@
 
+# Find Iconv if we have found it.
+if ("@Iconv_FOUND@")
+    find_package(Iconv REQUIRED)
+endif ()
+
 # Include targets file
 include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/YYCCommonplaceTargets.cmake")
 
-check_required_components(YYCCommonplace)
+check_required_components(YYCCommonplace)

cmake/check_charconv.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+message(STATUS "Checking charconv implementation...")
+include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
+
+file(READ "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/check_charconv/chars_format.cpp" TEST_CODE_SNIPPET)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("${TEST_CODE_SNIPPET}" YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_CHARS_FORMAT)
+message(STATUS "Support std::chars_format: ${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_CHARS_FORMAT}")
+
+file(READ "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/check_charconv/from_chars_result.cpp" TEST_CODE_SNIPPET)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("${TEST_CODE_SNIPPET}" YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_RESULT)
+message(STATUS "Support std::from_chars_result: ${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_RESULT}")
+
+file(READ "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/check_charconv/to_chars_result.cpp" TEST_CODE_SNIPPET)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("${TEST_CODE_SNIPPET}" YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_RESULT)
+message(STATUS "Support std::to_chars_result: ${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_RESULT}")
+
+file(READ "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/check_charconv/from_chars_int.cpp" TEST_CODE_SNIPPET)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("${TEST_CODE_SNIPPET}" YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_INT)
+message(STATUS "Support std::from_chars with integral type: ${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_INT}")
+
+file(READ "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/check_charconv/from_chars_float.cpp" TEST_CODE_SNIPPET)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("${TEST_CODE_SNIPPET}" YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_FLOAT)
+message(STATUS "Suppoer std::from_chars with float point type: ${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_FLOAT}")
+
+file(READ "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/check_charconv/to_chars_int.cpp" TEST_CODE_SNIPPET)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("${TEST_CODE_SNIPPET}" YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_INT)
+message(STATUS "Support std::to_chars with integral type: ${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_INT}")
+
+file(READ "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/check_charconv/to_chars_float.cpp" TEST_CODE_SNIPPET)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("${TEST_CODE_SNIPPET}" YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_FLOAT)
+message(STATUS "Support std::to_chars with float point type: ${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_FLOAT}")

cmake/check_charconv/chars_format.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <charconv>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    auto scientific = std::chars_format::scientific;
+    auto fixed = std::chars_format::fixed;
+    auto general = std::chars_format::general;
+    auto hex = std::chars_format::hex;
+}

cmake/check_charconv/from_chars_float.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <charconv>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    const char probe[] = "0.0";
+    const char* first = probe;
+    const char* last = first + sizeof(probe);
+
+    {
+        float value;
+        auto rv = std::from_chars(first, last, value, std::chars_format::general);
+    }
+    {
+        double value;
+        auto rv = std::from_chars(first, last, value, std::chars_format::general);
+    }
+}

cmake/check_charconv/from_chars_int.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include <charconv>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    const char probe[] = "0";
+    const char* first = probe;
+    const char* last = first + sizeof(probe);
+
+    {
+        std::int8_t value;
+        auto rv = std::from_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::int16_t value;
+        auto rv = std::from_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::int32_t value;
+        auto rv = std::from_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::int64_t value;
+        auto rv = std::from_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::uint8_t value;
+        auto rv = std::from_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::uint16_t value;
+        auto rv = std::from_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::uint32_t value;
+        auto rv = std::from_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::uint64_t value;
+        auto rv = std::from_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+}

cmake/check_charconv/from_chars_result.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <charconv>
+#include <system_error>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    std::from_chars_result result {
+        .ptr = nullptr,
+        .ec = std::errc{},
+    };
+}

cmake/check_charconv/to_chars_float.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <charconv>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    char buffer[1024];
+    char* first = buffer;
+    char* last = first + sizeof(buffer);
+
+    {
+        float value = 0;
+        auto rv = std::to_chars(first, last, value, std::chars_format::general, 6);
+    }
+    {
+        double value = 0;
+        auto rv = std::to_chars(first, last, value, std::chars_format::general, 6);
+    }
+}

cmake/check_charconv/to_chars_int.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include <charconv>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    char buffer[1024];
+    char* first = buffer;
+    char* last = first + sizeof(buffer);
+
+    {
+        std::int8_t value = 0;
+        auto rv = std::to_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::int16_t value = 0;
+        auto rv = std::to_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::int32_t value = 0;
+        auto rv = std::to_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::int64_t value = 0;
+        auto rv = std::to_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::uint8_t value = 0;
+        auto rv = std::to_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::uint16_t value = 0;
+        auto rv = std::to_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::uint32_t value = 0;
+        auto rv = std::to_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+    {
+        std::uint64_t value = 0;
+        auto rv = std::to_chars(first, last, value, 10);
+    }
+}

cmake/check_charconv/to_chars_result.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <charconv>
+#include <system_error>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    std::to_chars_result result {
+        .ptr = nullptr,
+        .ec = std::errc{},
+    };
+}

doc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,19 +1,36 @@
-# Configure Doxygen config file
+# Extract all public macros defined in YYCC
+# However, you should note that these extratcted macros have generator expressions.
+get_target_property(YYCC_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS YYCCommonplace COMPILE_DEFINITIONS)
+if (YYCC_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS STREQUAL "YYCC_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS-NOTFOUND")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot extract compile definitions from YYCCommonplace.")
+endif ()
+# Convert list to string for expanding in future.
+list(JOIN YYCC_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS " " YYCC_MACRO_GENERATOR_EXPRESSIONS)
+
+# We simply configure Doxygen config file first.
 configure_file(
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/Doxyfile.in
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Doxyfile
     @ONLY
 )
 
-# Add custom target
+# Then we use "file GENERATE" syntax to generate per-config truely Doxyfile used by Doxygen.
+# Because there is no "$<>" syntax in Doxyfile, so we can safely use it.
+# Please note that the generation of "file GENERATE" syntax will be postponed until the build stage.
+file(GENERATE
+    OUTPUT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/$<CONFIG>/Doxyfile"
+    INPUT "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Doxyfile"
+    TARGET YYCCommonplace
+)
+
+# Add custom target using per-config Doxyfile
 add_custom_target (YYCCDocumentation
-    doxygen ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Doxyfile
+    Doxygen::doxygen "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/$<CONFIG>/Doxyfile"
     WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
     COMMENT "Generating documentation" VERBATIM
 )
 
 # Install built documentation
 install (DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/html
-    CONFIGURATIONS Release RelWithDebInfo MinSizeRel
     DESTINATION ${YYCC_INSTALL_DOC_PATH}
 )

doc/Doxyfile.in

@@ -2306,7 +2306,7 @@ PERLMOD_MAKEVAR_PREFIX =
 # C-preprocessor directives found in the sources and include files.
 # The default value is: YES.
 
-ENABLE_PREPROCESSING   = NO
+ENABLE_PREPROCESSING   = YES
 
 # If the MACRO_EXPANSION tag is set to YES, doxygen will expand all macro names
 # in the source code. If set to NO, only conditional compilation will be
@@ -2356,7 +2356,7 @@ INCLUDE_FILE_PATTERNS  =
 # recursively expanded use the := operator instead of the = operator.
 # This tag requires that the tag ENABLE_PREPROCESSING is set to YES.
 
-PREDEFINED             = YYCC_DOXYGEN
+PREDEFINED             = @YYCC_MACRO_GENERATOR_EXPRESSIONS@
 
 # If the MACRO_EXPANSION and EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF tags are set to YES then this
 # tag can be used to specify a list of macro names that should be expanded. The

doc/src/carton/arg_parser.dox

@@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
-namespace YYCC::ArgParser {
-/**
-
-\page arg_parser Universal Argument Parser
-
-YYCC::ArgParser provides an universal way to parsing command line arguments.
-
-Universal argument parser has similar design with universal config manager,
-it is highly recommand that read \ref config_manager chapter first,
-because you will have a clear understanding of this namespace after reading universal config manager chapter.
-
-There is an example about how to use universal argument parser.
-In following content, we will describe it in detail.
-
-\code{.cpp}
-class TestArgParser {
-public:
-    TestArgParser() :
-        m_IntArgument(YYCC_U8("int"), YYCC_U8_CHAR('i'), YYCC_U8("integral argument"), YYCC_U8("114514")),
-        m_FloatArgument(nullptr, YYCC_U8_CHAR('f'), nullptr, nullptr, true),
-        m_StringArgument(YYCC_U8("string"), YYCC::ArgParser::AbstractArgument::NO_SHORT_NAME, nullptr, nullptr, true),
-        m_BoolArgument(nullptr, YYCC_U8_CHAR('b'), nullptr),
-        m_ClampedFloatArgument(YYCC_U8("clamped-float"), YYCC::ArgParser::AbstractArgument::NO_SHORT_NAME, nullptr, nullptr, true, YYCC::Constraints::GetMinMaxRangeConstraint<float>(-1.0f, 1.0f)),
-        m_OptionContext(YYCC_U8("TestArgParser"), YYCC_U8("This is the test of argument parser."), {
-            &m_IntArgument, &m_FloatArgument, &m_StringArgument,
-            &m_BoolArgument, &m_ClampedFloatArgument
-        }) {}
-    ~TestArgParser() {}
-
-    YYCC::ArgParser::NumberArgument<int32_t> m_IntArgument;
-    YYCC::ArgParser::NumberArgument<float> m_FloatArgument;
-    YYCC::ArgParser::StringArgument m_StringArgument;
-
-    YYCC::ArgParser::SwitchArgument m_BoolArgument;
-    YYCC::ArgParser::NumberArgument<float> m_ClampedFloatArgument;
-
-    YYCC::ArgParser::OptionContext m_OptionContext;
-};
-
-// Initialize argument parser.
-TestArgParser test;
-// Get argument list for parsing from standard C main function.
-auto al = YYCC::ArgParser::ArgumentList::CreateFromStd(argc, argv);
-// Start parsing
-test.Parse(al);
-// Get captured string argument
-if (test.m_StringArgument.IsCaptured())
-    auto val = test.m_StringArgument.Get();
-\endcode
-
-These code can resolve following command line:
-
-\code{.sh}
-exec -i 114514 -f 2.0 --string fuck -b --clamped-float 0.5
-\endcode
-
-For convenience, we define following terms used in this article.
-
-\li Every items in command line: Argument.
-\li \c -i, \c --clamped-float: \b Switch / \b Option. the argument starts with dash or double dash.
-\li \c 114514: \b Value. the value of switch.
-
-\section arg_parser__argument Argument
-
-Argument is the leaf of argument parser.
-It has the same position as setting in universal config manager.
-
-\subsection arg_parser__argument__presets Argument Presets
-
-Like setting in universal config manager,
-we also provide various common used argument presets.
-Current'y we support following argument presets:
-
-\li NumberArgument: The argument storing arithmetic type (except \c bool) inside. Such as <TT>-i 114514</TT> in example.
-\li StringArgument: The argument storing string inside. Such as <TT>--string fuck</TT> in example.
-\li SwitchArgument: The argument storing nothing. It is just a simple switch. Such as <TT>-b</TT> in example.
-
-When constructing these argument,
-you need provide one from long name or short name, or both of them.
-Short name is the argument starting with dash and long name starts with double dash.
-You don't need add dash or double dash prefix when providing these names.
-Please note only ASCII characters, which can be displayed on screen, can be used in these names.
-
-Optionally, you can provide description when constructing,
-which will tell user how this switch does and more infomation about this switch.
-And, you can add an example to tell user which value is valid.
-
-Next, you can specify an argument to be optional.
-Optional argument can be absent in command line.
-Oppositely, non-optional argument must be presented in command line,
-otherwise parser will return false to indicate an error.
-For checking whether an optional argument is specified,
-please call AbstractArgument::IsCaptured().
-
-Last, you can optionally assign a constraint to it,
-to help argument limit its value.
-
-However SwitchArgument must be optional argument.
-Because it is true if user specify it explicit it,
-and will be false if user do not give this flag.
-SwitchArgument doesn't have constraint features,
-because it doesn't store any value inside.
-Thus no need to limit this.
-
-\subsection arg_parser__argument__custom Custom Argument
-
-In most cases, the combination use of argument presets and constraints is enough.
-However, if you still are urge to create your personal argument,
-please inherit AbstractArgument and implement essential class functions.
-For the class functions you need to implement,
-please refer to our argument presets.
-
-\section arg_parser__argument_list Argument List
-
-Argument list is a struct used by parser for parsing.
-It is a higher wrapper of a simple list containing argument items.
-We provide 2 ways to get argument list.
-
-\li ArgumentList::CreateFromStd: Create argument list from standard C main function parameters.
-\li ArgumentList::CreateFromWin32: Create argument list from Win32 functions in Windows.
-You should use this function in Windows instead of ArgumentList::CreateFromStd.
-Because the command line passed in standard C main function has encoding issue in Windows.
-Use this function you will fetch correct argument list especially command including non-ASCII characters.
-
-Please note the first argument in given command line will be stripped.
-Because in most cases it point to the executable self,
-and should not be seen as the part of argument list.
-
-\section arg_parser__option_context Option Context
-
-Please note any unknow argument will let the parser return false.
-This is different with other argument parsers.
-In other common argument parsers, 
-they will collect all unknow argument as positional argument, 
-or just simply ignore them.
-
-OptionContext also will not add \c -h or \c --help switch automatically.
-This is also differnent with other parsers.
-You should manually add it.
-However, OptionContext provide a universal help print function, OptionContext::Help.
-You can directly call it to output help text if you needed (fail to parse or user order help).
-
-\section arg_parser__limitation Limitation
-
-This universal argument parser is a tiny parser.
-It only just fulfill my personal requirements.
-So it only accepts limited command line syntax.
-In following content I will tell you some syntaxes which this parser \b not accept.
-
-\subsection arg_parser__limitation__flag_combination Flag Combination
-
-\code{.sh}
-exec -l -s -h
-exec -lsh
-\endcode
-
-Parser accept first line but not accept the second line.
-You must write these flags independently.
-
-\subsection arg_parser__limitation__equal_symbol Equal Symbol
-
-\code{.sh}
-exec --value 114514
-exec --value=114514
-exec --value:114514
-\endcode
-
-Parser only accept first line command.
-You can not use equal symbol or any other symbol to assign value for specified argument.
-You must write value after the argument immediately please.
-
-\subsection arg_parser__limitation__variable_argument Variable Argument
-
-\code{.sh}
-exec -DSOME_VARABLE=SOME_VALUE
-exec -D SOME_VARIABLE=SOME_VALUE
-\endcode
-
-Parser only accept second line.
-However you nned to write a custom argument or constraint to holding this value.
-
-\subsection arg_parser__limitation__switch_dependency Switch Dependency
-
-\code{.sh}
-exec --action-a --action-b
-\endcode
-
-For command line written above,
-if you hope \c --action-a and \c --action-b is exclusive,
-or \c --action-b only be valid if \c --action-a specified,
-you should manually implement this.
-Parser don't have such features to process this switch dependency.
-
-The thing you need to do is set these switches are \b not optional.
-And after parser do a success parsing,
-manually calling AbstractArgument::IsCaptured to fetch whether corresponding switches are captured,
-then do your personal dependency check.
-
-*/
-}

doc/src/carton/binstore.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+namespace yycc::carton::binstore {
+/**
+
+\page binstore Binary Settings Storage (Binstore)
+
+The binstore module provides a binary settings storage system that allows
+applications to persistently store and retrieve configuration settings in
+a binary format. It includes functionality for type-safe serialization and deserialization,
+setting management with unique tokens for access control, version control with migration strategies,
+and comprehensive error handling.
+
+\section binstore__overview Overview
+
+The binstore module consists of several key components:
+
+\li types: Basic types and error handling for the module
+\li serdes: Serialization/deserialization functionality for different data types
+\li setting: Management of settings with name-based lookup and token-based access
+\li configuration: Version and settings collection management
+\li storage: Main storage class for loading/saving settings to/from files or streams
+
+\section binstore__example Example Usage
+
+Here is a complete example showing how to use the binstore module:
+
+\code{.cpp}
+#include <yycc.hpp>
+#include <yycc/carton/binstore.hpp>
+#include <yycc/patch/stream.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+
+using namespace yycc::carton::binstore;
+using namespace yycc::patch::stream;
+
+enum class LogLevel : uint8_t { Debug, Info, Warning, Error };
+
+int main() {
+    // Create settings collection
+    auto settings = setting::SettingCollection();
+    auto int_setting_token = settings.add_setting(setting::Setting(u8"max_connections"));
+    auto float_setting_token = settings.add_setting(setting::Setting(u8"timeout"));
+    auto string_setting_token = settings.add_setting(setting::Setting(u8"server_address"));
+    auto bool_setting_token = settings.add_setting(setting::Setting(u8"enable_logging"));
+    auto enum_setting_token = settings.add_setting(setting::Setting(u8"log_level"));
+    
+    // Create configuration with version 1
+    auto config = configuration::Configuration(1, std::move(settings));
+    
+    // Create storage with the configuration
+    auto storage = storage::Storage(std::move(config));
+    
+    // Using appropriate SerDes types for different data types
+    using IntSerDes = serdes::IntegralSerDes<int32_t>;
+    using FloatSerDes = serdes::FloatingPointSerDes<float>;
+    using StringSerDes = serdes::StringSerDes;
+    using BoolSerDes = serdes::BoolSerDes<true>;  // true as default value
+    using EnumSerDes = serdes::EnumSerDes<LogLevel, LogLevel::Info>;
+    
+    // Set values
+    storage.set_value<IntSerDes>(int_setting_token, 100);
+    storage.set_value<FloatSerDes>(float_setting_token, 2.5f);
+    storage.set_value<StringSerDes>(string_setting_token, u8"localhost");
+    storage.set_value<BoolSerDes>(bool_setting_token, true);
+    storage.set_value<EnumSerDes>(enum_setting_token, LogLevel::Debug);
+    
+    // Save to file
+    if (auto result = storage.save_into_file("config.bin"); result.has_value()) {
+        std::cout << "Configuration saved successfully" << std::endl;
+    } else {
+        std::cout << "Failed to save configuration" << std::endl;
+    }
+    
+    // Load from file
+    auto new_config = configuration::Configuration(1, setting::SettingCollection());
+    auto new_storage = storage::Storage(std::move(new_config));
+    
+    if (auto result = new_storage.load_from_file("config.bin", storage::LoadStrategy::MigrateOld); result.has_value()) {
+        std::cout << "Configuration loaded successfully" << std::endl;
+        
+        // Get values
+        int32_t max_conn = new_storage.get_value<IntSerDes>(int_setting_token);
+        float timeout = new_storage.get_value<FloatSerDes>(float_setting_token);
+        std::u8string addr = new_storage.get_value<StringSerDes>(string_setting_token);
+        bool logging = new_storage.get_value<BoolSerDes>(bool_setting_token);
+        LogLevel level = new_storage.get_value<EnumSerDes>(enum_setting_token);
+        
+        std::cout << "Max connections: " << max_conn << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Timeout: " << timeout << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Server address: " << addr << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Logging enabled: " << (logging ? "yes" : "no") << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Log level: " << static_cast<int>(level) << std::endl;
+    } else {
+        std::cout << "Failed to load configuration" << std::endl;
+    }
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section binstore__components Components
+
+\subsection binstore__settings Settings Management
+
+Settings are identified by unique names and accessed via tokens. The [SettingCollection](\ref setting::SettingCollection)
+manages a collection of settings and ensures no duplicates.
+
+\subsection binstore__configuration Configuration
+
+The [Configuration](\ref configuration::Configuration) class holds the version identifier and the collection of settings.
+Version control is crucial for handling configuration migration between application versions.
+
+\subsection binstore__storage Storage
+
+The [Storage](\ref storage::Storage) class is the main interface for setting/getting values and loading/saving configurations.
+It provides methods for both file-based and stream-based operations.
+
+\subsection binstore__serdes Serialization/Deserialization
+
+SerDes (Serializer/Deserializer) classes handle type-safe conversion between values and their binary representation.
+Built-in SerDes types include:
+
+\li Integral types ([IntegralSerDes](\ref serdes::IntegralSerDes))
+\li Floating-point types ([FloatingPointSerDes](\ref serdes::FloatingPointSerDes))
+\li String types ([StringSerDes](\ref serdes::StringSerDes))
+\li Boolean types ([BoolSerDes](\ref serdes::BoolSerDes))
+\li Enum types ([EnumSerDes](\ref serdes::EnumSerDes))
+
+For some of them, you can specify value range and default value via template parameters.
+
+\section binstore__load_strategies Load Strategies
+
+The binstore module provides different strategies for handling version mismatches:
+
+\li [OnlyCurrent](\ref storage::LoadStrategy::OnlyCurrent): Only accept configurations with matching version
+\li [MigrateOld](\ref storage::LoadStrategy::MigrateOld): Accept matching and older versions, reject newer versions
+\li [AcceptAll](\ref storage::LoadStrategy::AcceptAll): Accept all versions (not recommended for production)
+
+\section binstore__custom_serdes Custom SerDes
+
+Custom SerDes (Serializer/Deserializer) can be created by implementing the \c SerDes concept. 
+A valid SerDes must satisfy the following requirements:
+
+\li Have a type alias called \c ValueType indicating the corresponding setting type
+\li Have a member function called \c serialize that accepts a const reference of the setting data and returns \c ByteArray 
+or \c std::nullopt if serialization fails.
+\li Have a member function called \c deserialize that converts \c ByteArray to the desired type 
+or returns \c std::nullopt if deserialization fails.
+\li Have a member function called \c reset that returns a default \c ByteArray value.
+
+Here is an example of a custom SerDes for storing IPv4 addresses:
+
+\code{.cpp}
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+struct IPv4Address {
+    std::uint8_t octets[4];
+    
+    IPv4Address() : octets{0, 0, 0, 0} {}
+    IPv4Address(std::uint8_t a, std::uint8_t b, std::uint8_t c, std::uint8_t d) {
+        octets[0] = a; octets[1] = b; octets[2] = c; octets[3] = d;
+    }
+};
+
+struct IPv4SerDes {
+    using ValueType = IPv4Address;
+    static constexpr size_t VALUE_SIZE = sizeof(IPv4Address); // 4 octets
+    
+    std::optional<types::ByteArray> serialize(const ValueType& value) const {
+        types::ByteArray ba;
+        ba.resize_data(VALUE_SIZE);
+        std::memcpy(ba.get_data_ptr(), value.octets, VALUE_SIZE);
+        return ba;
+    }
+    
+    std::optional<ValueType> deserialize(const types::ByteArray& ba) const {
+        if (ba.get_data_size() != VALUE_SIZE) return std::nullopt;
+        
+        ValueType value;
+        std::memcpy(value.octets, ba.get_data_ptr(), VALUE_SIZE);
+        return value;
+    }
+    
+    types::ByteArray reset() const {
+        // Reset to local address
+        ValueType default_value(127, 0, 0, 1);
+        return this->serialize(default_value).value();
+    }
+};
+\endcode
+
+To use the custom SerDes:
+
+\code{.cpp}
+// Add setting to collection
+auto ip_setting_token = settings.add_setting(setting::Setting(u8"server_ip"));
+
+// Use custom SerDes
+IPv4SerDes ip_serdes;
+storage.set_value<IPv4SerDes>(ip_setting_token, IPv4Address(192, 168, 1, 1));
+
+// Retrieve value
+IPv4Address ip_addr = storage.get_value<IPv4SerDes>(ip_setting_token);
+\endcode
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/carton/clap.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+namespace yycc::carton::clap {
+/**
+
+\page clap Command Line Argument Parser (CLAP)
+
+Command Line Argument Parser (CLAP) module for handling command line arguments and environment variables.
+This module provides a comprehensive system for defining, parsing, and validating command line
+arguments and environment variables. It includes components for defining application metadata,
+command line options, variables, and utilities for parsing and validation.
+
+\section clap__overview Overview
+
+The CLAP module consists of several key components:
+
+\li Types: Error types and result types used throughout the module
+\li Validator: Type-safe validation for command line argument values
+\li Option: Command line options with short and long names
+\li Variable: Environment variables that can be captured
+\li Summary: Application metadata (name, version, author, description)
+\li Application: Complete application definition with options and variables
+\li Manual: Help and version information generation
+\li Parser: Command line argument parsing functionality
+\li Resolver: Environment variable resolution functionality
+
+\section clap__example Example Usage
+
+Here is a complete example showing how to use the CLAP module:
+
+\code{.cpp}
+#include <yycc.hpp>
+#include <yycc/carton/clap.hpp>
+#include <yycc/patch/stream.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace yycc::carton::clap;
+using namespace yycc::patch::stream;
+
+// Define an application with options and variables
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    // Create application summary
+    auto summary = summary::Summary(u8"MyApp", u8"author", u8"1.0.0", u8"A sample application");
+    
+    // Create options collection
+    auto options = option::OptionCollection();
+    auto int_opt = options.add_option(option::Option(u8"i", u8"int", u8"NUM", u8"integral argument"));
+    auto float_opt = options.add_option(option::Option(u8"f", std::nullopt, u8"NUM", u8"floating point argument"));
+    auto string_opt = options.add_option(option::Option(std::nullopt, u8"string", u8"STR", u8"string argument"));
+    auto flag_opt = options.add_option(option::Option(u8"v", std::nullopt, std::nullopt, u8"verbose mode"));
+    
+    // Create variables collection
+    auto variables = variable::VariableCollection();
+    auto env_var = variables.add_variable(variable::Variable(u8"ENV_VAR", u8"Environment variable description", true));
+    
+    // Create the application and manual
+    auto app = application::Application(std::move(summary), std::move(options), std::move(variables));
+    auto manual = manual::Manual(app);
+    
+    // Parse command line arguments
+    auto result = parser::Parser::from_system(app);
+    if (result.has_value()) {
+        auto parser = std::move(result.value());
+        
+        // Get values using validators
+        using IntValidator = validator::IntegralValidator<int>;
+        using FloatValidator = validator::FloatingPointValidator<float>;
+        using StringValidator = validator::StringValidator;
+        
+        // Check and get integer option
+        if (auto int_val = parser.get_value_option<IntValidator>(int_opt); int_val.has_value()) {
+            std::cout << "Integer value: " << int_val.value() << std::endl;
+        }
+        
+        // Check and get float option
+        if (auto float_val = parser.get_value_option<FloatValidator>(float_opt); float_val.has_value()) {
+            std::cout << "Float value: " << float_val.value() << std::endl;
+        }
+        
+        // Check and get string option
+        if (auto str_val = parser.get_value_option<StringValidator>(string_opt); str_val.has_value()) {
+            std::cout << "String value: " << str_val.value() << std::endl;
+        }
+        
+        // Check flag option
+        if (auto flag_val = parser.get_flag_option(flag_opt); flag_val.has_value() && flag_val.value()) {
+            std::cout << "Verbose mode enabled" << std::endl;
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Print help if parsing failed
+        manual.print_help(std::cout);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+\endcode
+
+This code handles command lines like:
+\code{.sh}
+./myapp -i 123 -f 2.5 --string "hello world" -v
+\endcode
+
+\section clap__components Components
+
+\subsection clap__application Application Definition
+
+The [Application](\ref application::Application) class represents a complete command line application with its summary, options, and environment variables.
+It combines the application metadata, command line options, and environment variables into a single unit.
+
+\subsection clap__options Options
+
+[Option](\ref option::Option) is command line arguments that can accept values or act as flags. 
+They can have both short names (single character)
+and long names (full text). The [OptionCollection](\ref option::OptionCollection) manages a collection of options and ensures no duplicates.
+
+\subsection clap__variables Variables
+
+[Variable](\ref variable::Variable) represent environment variables that can be captured and validated. The [VariableCollection](\ref variable::VariableCollection)
+manages a collection of environment variables and ensures no duplicates.
+
+\subsection clap__parsing Parsing
+
+The [Parser](\ref parser::Parser) class handles command line argument parsing. It can be created from user-provided arguments
+or from system arguments (argc/argv). Values are retrieved using type-safe validators.
+
+\subsection clap__validation Validation
+
+Validators ensure type-safe validation of command line argument values.
+The module provides built-in validators for:
+
+\li Integral types ([IntegralValidator](\ref validator::IntegralValidator))
+\li Floating-point types ([FloatingPointValidator](\ref validator::FloatingPointValidator))
+\li String types ([StringValidator](\ref validator::StringValidator))
+
+For some of them, you also can specify value range via template arguments.
+
+\section clap__custom_validators Custom Validator
+
+Custom validators can be created by implementing the \c Validator concept. 
+A valid validator must satisfy the following requirements:
+
+\li Have a type alias called \c ReturnType indicating the return value type
+\li Have a member function called \c validate that receives <TT>const std::u8string_view&</TT> as its only argument 
+and returns validated \c ReturnType or \c std::nullopt if validation fails
+
+Here is an example of a custom validator that validates email addresses:
+
+\code{.cpp}
+#include <yycc/string/reinterpret.hpp>
+#include <regex>
+
+struct EmailValidator {
+    using ReturnType = std::u8string;
+    
+    std::optional<ReturnType> validate(const std::u8string_view& sv) const {
+        // Simple email validation using regex
+        static const std::regex email_regex(
+            R"([a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,})");
+        
+        auto email_str = yycc::string::reinterpret::as_ordinary_view(sv);
+        if (std::regex_match(email_str, email_regex)) {
+            return sv;
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+};
+\endcode
+
+To use the custom validator:
+
+\code{.cpp}
+// Add option to application
+auto email_opt = options.add_option(option::Option(std::nullopt, u8"email", u8"EMAIL", u8"Email address"));
+
+// Use custom validator
+if (auto email_val = parser.get_value_option<EmailValidator>(email_opt); email_val.has_value()) {
+    std::cout << yycc::patch::format(u8"Valid email: {}", email_val); << std::endl;
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section clap__limitations Limitations
+
+Due to the limitations of implementation,
+CLAP now only allow only zero or one associated value for single option.
+More than one assocciated value for single option is not supported.
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/carton/config_manager.dox

@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-namespace YYCC::ConfigManager {
-/**
-
-\page config_manager Universal Config Manager
-
-YYCC::ConfigManager give programmer an universal way to manage its program settings.
-There is an example about how to use universal config manager.
-In following content, we will describe it in detail.
-
-\code
-class TestConfigManager {
-public:
-    enum class TestEnum : int8_t {
-        Test1, Test2, Test3
-    };
-
-    TestConfigManager() :
-        m_IntSetting(YYCC_U8("int-setting"), INT32_C(0)),
-        m_StringSetting(YYCC_U8("string-setting"), YYCC_U8("")),
-        m_FloatSetting(YYCC_U8("float-setting"), 0.0f, YYCC::Constraints::GetNumberRangeConstraint<float>(-1.0f, 1.0f)),
-        m_EnumSetting(YYCC_U8("enum-setting"), TestEnum::Test1),
-        m_CoreManager(YYCC_U8("test.cfg"), UINT64_C(0), {
-            &m_IntSetting, &m_StringSetting, &m_FloatSetting, &m_EnumSetting
-        })
-    {}
-    ~TestConfigManager() {}
-
-    YYCC::ConfigManager::NumberSetting<int32_t> m_IntSetting;
-    YYCC::ConfigManager::StringSetting m_StringSetting;
-    YYCC::ConfigManager::NumberSetting<float> m_FloatSetting;
-    YYCC::ConfigManager::NumberSetting<TestEnum> m_EnumSetting;
-
-    YYCC::ConfigManager::CoreManager m_CoreManager;
-};
-
-// Initialize config manager
-TestConfigManager test;
-// Load settings.
-test.m_CoreManager.Load()
-// Get string setting value.
-auto val = test.m_StringSetting.Get();
-\endcode
-
-\section config_manager__setting Setting
-
-Setting can be seen as the leaf of the config tree.
-Each setting describe a single configuration entry.
-
-\subsection config_manager__setting__presets Setting Presets
-
-We currently provide 2 setting preset classes which you can directly use.
-
-\li NumberSetting: The setting storing a number inside.
-It is a template class. Support all arithmetic and enum types (integral, floating point, bool, enum).
-\li StringSetting: The setting storing a string inside.
-
-When constructing these settings,
-you need to provide its unique name which will be used when saving to file or reading from file.
-Also you need to provide a default value for it.
-It will be used when fail to read file or initializing itself.
-
-Optionally, you also can provide a constraint to setting.
-Constraint is the struct instructing library to limit value in specified range.
-It usually is used for making sure the setting stored value is valid.
-See \ref constraints chapters to know how we provide constraints.
-
-\subsection config_manager__setting__custom Custom Setting
-
-In most cases, the combination use of setting presets and constraints is enough.
-However, if you still are urge to create your personal setting,
-please inherit AbstractSetting and implement essential class functions.
-For the class functions you need to implement,
-please refer to our setting presets, NumberSetting and StringSetting.
-
-\section config_manager__core_manager Core Manager
-
-CoreManager manage a collection of settings.
-And have responsibility to reading and writing config file.
-
-We highly suggest that you create a personal config manager class like example does.
-Then put essential settings and core manager inside it.
-Please note you must place core manager after all settings.
-Because the order of C++ initializing its class member is the order you declared them.
-The constructor of core manager need the pointer to all it managed settings,
-so it must be initialized after initializing all settings.
-
-When initializing core manager, you need assign config file path first.
-Then you need specify a version number.
-Version number is important.
-It will be used when reading config file and only can be increased if needed (version can not downgrade).
-The last argument is an initializer list which contain the \b pointer to all settings this manager managed.
-
-When executing YYCC::ConfigManager::CoreManager::Load to load configs, it will perform following steps one by one:
-
-<UL>
-    <LI>
-    Open given config file.
-    <UL>
-        <LI>
-            If given file is not existing, loading function will simply return and all configs will be reset to its default value.
-        </LI>
-        <LI>
-            Success to open file, go to next step.
-        </LI>
-    </UL>
-    </LI>
-
-    <LI>
-    Fetch version number from file.
-    <UL>
-        <LI>
-            If fail to read version number from file, loading function will simply return and all configs will be reset to its default value.
-        </LI>
-        <LI>
-            If the version of config file is higher than your specified version number when constructing this class,
-            core manager will assume you are trying to read a config file created by a higher version program,
-            and will reject reading and use default value for all settings.
-        </LI>
-        <LI>
-            If the version of config file is lower than your specified version number,
-            core manager will try to read config file and do proper migration (set default value for configs which do not existing) if possible.
-        </LI>
-        <LI>
-            If the version of config file is equal than your specified version number,
-            core manager will read config file normally.
-        </LI>
-    </UL>
-    </LI>
-
-    <LI>
-    Read config file body.
-    <UL>
-        <LI>
-            If any IO error occurs when reading, loading function will simply return.
-            All read config will keep their read value and all configs which has not been read will keep their default value.
-        </LI>
-        <LI>
-            If some config can not parse binary data to its type,
-            this config will be skipped and core manager will process next config.
-            This config will keep its default value.
-        </LI>
-    </UL>
-    </LI>
-</UL>
-
-All of these scenarios can be found by the return value of loading function.
-The return type of loading function, ConfigLoadResult is a flag enum.
-You can find whether loading process happend specified issue by using bitwise operation on it.
-
-*/
-}

doc/src/carton/console_helper.dox

@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-namespace YYCC::ConsoleHelper {
-/**
-
-\page console_helper Console Helper
-
-This helper provide console related stuff.
-This helper includes 2 parts.
-First part is console color.
-It was constituted by a bunch of macros.
-The second part is universal console IO function because Windows is lacking in UTF8 console IO.
-All of these parts will be introduced in following content.
-
-\section console_helper__color Console Color
-
-YYCC::ConsoleHelper provide a bunch of macros which can allow you output colorful text in terminal.
-Supported color is limited in 16 colors,
-because these color is implemented by ASCII Escape Code: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code .
-So if your terminal do not support this, such as default Windows terminal, or teletypewriter,
-you will see some unrecognised characters surrounding with your output.
-That's ASCII Escape Code.
-
-\subsection console_helper__color__enable_win_color Enable Color in Windows Console
-
-As we introduced in above,
-you may know Windows console does not support ASCII Escape Code color in default.
-However #EnableColorfulConsole can fix this issue.
-
-#EnableColorfulConsole will forcely enable ASCII Escape Code support in Windows console if possible.
-Thus you can write colorful text in Windows console freely.
-We suggest you to call this function at the beginning of program.
-
-Considering most Linux console supports ASCII Escape Code very well,
-this function does nothing in non-Windows platform.
-So it is not essential that brack this function calling with Windows-only \c \#if.
-
-\subsection console_helper__color__common Common Usage
-
-For common scenarios, you can use macro like this:
-
-\code
-YYCC::ConsoleHelper::WriteLine(YYCC_U8(YYCC_COLOR_LIGHT_RED("Light Red Text")));
-YYCC::ConsoleHelper::WriteLine(YYCC_U8("I am " YYCC_COLOR_LIGHT_RED("Light Red")));
-\endcode
-
-In first line, it will make <TT>"Light Red Text"</TT> to be shown in light red color.
-And for second line, it will make <TT>"Light Red"</TT> to be shown in light red color,
-but <TT>"I am "</TT> will keep default console font color.
-
-You also may notice this macro is used with YYCC_U8 macro.
-Because #WriteLine only accept UTF8 argument.
-So please note if you use console color macro with YYCC_U8,
-please make YYCC_U8 always is located the outside.
-Otherwise, YYCC_U8 will fail to make the whole become UTF8 stirng as we introduced in \ref library_encoding.
-Because console color macro is implemented by string literal concatenation internally.
-
-YYCC_COLOR_LIGHT_RED is a member in YYCC_COLOR macro family.
-YYCC_COLOR macro family has 16 members for 16 different colors:
-
-\li YYCC_COLOR_BLACK
-\li YYCC_COLOR_RED
-\li YYCC_COLOR_GREEN
-\li YYCC_COLOR_YELLOW
-\li YYCC_COLOR_BLUE
-\li YYCC_COLOR_MAGENTA
-\li YYCC_COLOR_CYAN
-\li YYCC_COLOR_WHITE
-\li YYCC_COLOR_LIGHT_BLACK
-\li YYCC_COLOR_LIGHT_RED
-\li YYCC_COLOR_LIGHT_GREEN
-\li YYCC_COLOR_LIGHT_YELLOW
-\li YYCC_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE
-\li YYCC_COLOR_LIGHT_MAGENTA
-\li YYCC_COLOR_LIGHT_CYAN
-\li YYCC_COLOR_LIGHT_WHITE
-
-\subsection console_helper__color__embedded Embedded Usgae
-
-In some cases, you want change console at some time point and reset it in another time point.
-You can use color macros like following example:
-
-\code
-YYCC::ConsoleHelper::WriteLine(YYCC_U8(YYCC_COLORHDR_LIGHT_BLUE));
-
-// Write as much as you liked
-YYCC::ConsoleHelper::WriteLine(YYCC_U8("some string"));
-YYCC::ConsoleHelper::WriteLine(YYCC_U8("another string"));
-
-YYCC::ConsoleHelper::WriteLine(YYCC_U8(YYCC_COLORTAIL));
-\endcode
-
-At first line, we output YYCC_COLORHDR_LIGHT_BLUE which is in YYCC_COLORHDR macro family.
-It is colorful text ASCII Escape Code head.
-It will make all following output become light blue color,
-until the last line we output YYCC_COLORTAIL to reset console color to original color.
-
-Same as YYCC_COLOR macro family, 
-YYCC_COLORHDR macro family also has 16 members for 16 different colors:
-
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_BLACK
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_RED
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_GREEN
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_YELLOW
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_BLUE
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_MAGENTA
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_CYAN
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_WHITE
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_LIGHT_BLACK
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_LIGHT_RED
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_LIGHT_GREEN
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_LIGHT_YELLOW
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_LIGHT_BLUE
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_LIGHT_MAGENTA
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_LIGHT_CYAN
-\li YYCC_COLORHDR_LIGHT_WHITE
-
-However YYCC_COLORTAIL is YYCC_COLORTAIL.
-There is no other variant for different colors.
-Because all tail of colorful ASCII Escape Code is same.
-
-\section console_helper__universal_io Universal IO Function
-
-\subsection console_helper__universal_io__why Why?
-
-Windows console doesn't support UTF8 very well.
-The standard input output functions can not work properly with UTF8 on Windows.
-So we create this namespace and provide various console-related functions
-to patch Windows console and let it more like the console in other platforms.
-
-The function provided in this function can be called in any platforms.
-In Windows, the implementation will use Windows native function,
-and in other platform, the implementation will redirect request to standard C function like \c std::fputs and etc.
-So the programmer do not need to be worried about which function should they use,
-and don't need to use macro to use different IO function in different platforms.
-It is just enough that fully use the functions provided in this namespace.
-
-All IO functions this namespace provided are UTF8-based.
-It also means that input output string should always be UTF8 encoded.
-
-\subsection console_helper__universal_io__input Input Functions
-
-Please note that EOL will automatically converted into LF on Windows platform, not CRLF.
-This action actually is removing all CR chars in result string.
-This behavior affect nothing in most cases but it still is possible break something in some special case.
-
-Due to implementation, if you decide to use this function,
-you should give up using any other function to read stdin stream,
-such as \c std::gets() and \c std::cin.
-Because this function may read chars which is more than needed.
-These extra chars will be stored in this function and can be used next calling.
-But these chars can not be visited by stdin again.
-This behavior may cause bug.
-So if you decide using this function, stick on it and do not change.
-
-Due to implementation, this function do not support hot switch of stdin.
-It means that stdin can be redirected before first calling of this function,
-but it should not be redirected during program running.
-The reason is the same one introduced above.
-
-\subsection console_helper__universal_io__output Output Functions
-
-In current implementation, EOL will not be converted automatically to CRLF.
-This is different with other stream read functions provided in this namespace.
-
-Comparing with other stream read functions provided in this namespace,
-stream write function support hot switch of stdout and stderr.
-Because they do not have internal buffer storing something.
-
-In this namespace, there are various stream write function.
-There is a list telling you how to choose one from them for using:
-
-\li Functions with leading "Err" will write data into stderr,
-otherwise they will write data into stdout.
-\li Functions with embedded "Format" are output functions with format feature
-like \c std::fprintf(), otherwise the functions with embedded "Write" will
-only write plain string like \c std::fputs().
-\li Functions with trailing "Line" will write extra EOL to break current line.
-This is commonly used, otherwise functions will only write the text provided by arguments,
-without adding something.
-
-*/
-}

doc/src/carton/csconsole.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+namespace yycc::carton::csconsole {
+/**
+
+\page csconsole Universal IO Function
+
+This namespace provide universal console IO function which is more like C\# provided,
+because Windows is lacking in UTF8 console IO.
+
+\section csconsole__deprecation Deprecation Notes
+
+This namespace, or this module is deprecated.
+Its provided functions are too aggressive and can not cover all use scenarios.
+So it is suggested not to use this namespace.
+Programmers should handle Windows UTF8 issues on their own.
+
+\section csconsole__why Why?
+
+Windows console doesn't support UTF8 very well.
+The standard input output functions can not work properly with UTF8 on Windows.
+So we create this namespace and provide various console-related functions
+to patch Windows console and let it more like the console in other platforms.
+
+The function provided in this function can be called in any platforms.
+In Windows, the implementation will use Windows native function,
+and in other platform, the implementation will redirect request to standard C function like \c std::fputs and etc.
+So the programmer do not need to be worried about which function should they use,
+and don't need to use macro to use different IO function in different platforms.
+It is just enough that fully use the functions provided in this namespace.
+
+All IO functions this namespace provided are UTF8-based.
+It also means that input output string should always be UTF8 encoded.
+
+\section csconsole__input Input Functions
+
+Please note that EOL will automatically converted into LF on Windows platform, not CRLF.
+This action actually is removing all CR chars in result string.
+This behavior affect nothing in most cases but it still is possible break something in some special case.
+
+Due to implementation, if you decide to use this function,
+you should give up using any other function to read stdin stream,
+such as \c std::gets() and \c std::cin.
+Because this function may read chars which is more than needed.
+These extra chars will be stored in this function and can be used next calling.
+But these chars can not be visited by stdin again.
+This behavior may cause bug.
+So if you decide using this function, stick on it and do not change.
+
+Due to implementation, this function do not support hot switch of stdin.
+It means that stdin can be redirected before first calling of this function,
+but it should not be redirected during program running.
+The reason is the same one introduced above.
+
+\section csconsole__output Output Functions
+
+In current implementation, EOL will not be converted automatically to CRLF.
+This is different with other stream read functions provided in this namespace.
+
+Comparing with other stream read functions provided in this namespace,
+stream write function support hot switch of stdout and stderr.
+Because they do not have internal buffer storing something.
+
+In this namespace, there are various stream write function.
+There is a list telling you how to choose one from them for using:
+
+\li Functions with leading "e" (like eformat, ewrite) will write data into stderr,
+otherwise they will write data into stdout.
+\li Functions with embedded "format" (format, format_line, eformat, eformat_line) are output functions with format feature like \c std::fprintf(), 
+otherwise the functions with embedded "write" in the name (write, write_line, ewrite, ewrite_line) will only write plain string like \c std::fputs().
+\li Functions with trailing "line" (format_line, write_line, eformat_line, ewrite_line) will write extra EOL to break current line.
+This is commonly used, otherwise functions will only write the text provided by arguments,
+without adding something.
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/carton/encoding_helper.dox

@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-namespace YYCC::EncodingHelper {
-/**
-
-\page encoding_helper Encoding Helper
-
-YYCC::EncodingHelper namespace include all encoding related functions:
-
-\li The convertion between ordinary string and UTF8 string which has been introduced in chapter \ref library_encoding.
-\li Windows specific convertion between \c WCHAR, UTF8 string and string encoded by other encoding.
-\li The convertion among UTF8, UTF16 and UTF32.
-
-\section encoding_helper__ordinary_utf8_conv Ordinary & UTF8 Convertion
-
-These convertion functions have been introduced in previous page.
-See \ref library_encoding for more infomation.
-
-YYCC supports following convertions:
-
-\li #ToUTF8: Convert ordinary string to UTF8 string.
-\li #ToUTF8View: Same as ToUTF8, but return string view instead.
-\li #ToOrdinary: Convert UTF8 string to ordinary string.
-\li #ToOrdinaryView: Same as ToOrdinary, but return string view instead.
-
-\section encoding_helper__win_conv Windows Specific Convertion
-
-During Windows programming, the convertion between Microsoft specified \c wchar_t and \c char is an essential operation.
-Because Windows has 2 different function system, the functions ended with A and the functions ended with W.
-(Microsoft specified \c wchar_t is \c 2 bytes long. It's different with Linux defined common 4 bytes long).
-Thus YYCC provides these convertion functions in Windows to help programmer have better programming experience.
-
-These functions are Windows specific, so they will be invisible in other platforms.
-Please use them carefully (make sure that you are using them only in Windows environment).
-
-YYCC supports following convertions:
-
-\li #WcharToChar: Convert \c wchar_t string to code page specified string.
-\li #CharToWchar: The reversed convertion of WcharToChar.
-\li #CharToChar: Convert string between 2 different code pages. It's a shortcut of calling CharToWchar and WcharToChar successively.
-\li #WcharToUTF8: Convert \c wchar_t string to UTF8 string.
-\li #UTF8ToWchar: The reversed convertion of WcharToUTF8.
-\li #CharToUTF8: Convert code page specified string to UTF8 string.
-\li #UTF8ToChar: The reversed convertion of CharToUTF8.
-
-Code Page is a Windows concept.
-If you don't understand it, please view corresponding Microsoft documentation.
-
-\section encoding_helper__utf_conv UTF8 UTF16 UTF32 Convertion
-
-The convertion between UTF8, UTF16 and UTF32 is not common but essential.
-These convertions can be achieved by standard library functions and classes.
-(they are actually done by standard library functions in our implementation)
-But we provided functions are easy to use and have clear interface.
-
-These functions are different with the functions introduced above.
-They can be used in any platform, not confined in Windows platforms.
-
-YYCC supports following convertions:
-
-\li #UTF8ToUTF16: Convert UTF8 string to UTF16 string.
-\li #UTF16ToUTF8: The reversed convertion of UTF8ToUTF16.
-\li #UTF8ToUTF32: Convert UTF8 string to UTF32 string.
-\li #UTF32ToUTF8: The reversed convertion of UTF8ToUTF32.
-
-\section encoding_helper__overloads Function Overloads
-
-Every encoding convertion functions (except the convertion between UTF8 and ordinary string) have 4 different overloads for different scenarios.
-Take #WcharToChar for example.
-There are following 4 overloads:
-
-\code
-bool WcharToChar(const std::wstring_view& src, std::string& dst, UINT code_page);
-bool WcharToChar(const wchar_t* src, std::string& dst, UINT code_page);
-std::string WcharToChar(const std::wstring_view& src, UINT code_page);
-std::string WcharToChar(const wchar_t* src, UINT code_page);
-\endcode
-
-\subsection encoding_helper__overloads_destination Destination String
-
-According to the return value, these 4 overload can be divided into 2 types.
-The first type returns bool. The second type returns \c std::string instance.
-
-For the first type, it always return bool to indicate whether the convertion is success.
-Due to this, the function must require an argument for holding the result string.
-So you can see the functions belonging to this type always require a reference to \c std::string in argument.
-
-Oppositely, the second directly returns result by return value.
-It doesn't care the success of convertion and will return empty string if convertion failed.
-Programmer can more naturally use it because the retuen value itself is the result.
-There is no need to declare a variable before calling convertion function for holding result.
-
-All in all, the first type overload should be used in strict scope.
-The success of convertion will massively affect the behavior of your following code.
-For example, the convertion code is delivered to some system function and it should not be empty and etc.
-The second type overload usually is used in lossen scenarios.
-For exmaple, this overload usually is used in console output because it usually doesn't matter.
-There is no risk even if the convertion failed (just output a blank string).
-
-For the first type, please note that there is \b NO guarantee that the argument holding return value is not changed.
-Even the convertion is failed, the argument holding return value may still be changed by function itself.
-
-In this case, the type of result is \c std::string because this is function required.
-In other functions, such as #WcharToUTF8, the type of result can be \c yycc_u8string or etc.
-So please note the type of result is decided by convertion function itself, not only \c std::string.
-
-\subsection encoding_helper__overloads__source Source String
-
-According to the way providing source string,
-these 4 overload also can be divided into 2 types.
-The first type take a reference to constant \c std::wstring_view.
-The second type take a pointer to constant \c wchar_t.
-
-For first type, it will take the whole string for convertion, including \b embedded NUL terminal.
-Please note we use string view as argument.
-It is compatible with corresponding raw string pointer and string container.
-So it is safe to directly pass \c std::wstring for this function.
-
-For second type, it will assume that you passed argument is a NUL terminated string and send it for convertion.
-
-The result is clear.
-If you want to process string with \b embedded NUL terminal, please choose first type overload.
-Otherwise the second type overload is enough.
-
-Same as destination string, the type of source is also decided by the convertion function itself.
-For exmaple, the type of source in #UTF8ToWchar is \c yycc_u8string_view and \c yycc_char8_t, 
-not \c std::wstring and \c wchar_t.
-
-\subsection encoding_helper__overloads__extra Extra Argument
-
-There is an extra argument called \c code_page for #WcharToChar.
-It indicates the code page of destination string,
-because this function will convert \c wchar_t string to the string with specified code page encoding.
-
-Some convertion functions have extra argument like this,
-because they need more infomations to decide what they need to do.
-Some convertion functions don't have extra argument.
-For exmaple, the convertion between \c wchar_t string and UTF8 string.
-Because both source string and destination string are concrete.
-There is no need to provide any more infomations.
-
-\subsection encoding_helper__overloads__conclusion Conclusion
-
-Mixing 2 types of source string and 2 types of destination string,
-we have 4 different overload as we illustrated before.
-Programmer can use them freely according to your requirements.
-And don't forget to provide extra argument if function required.
-
-*/
-}

doc/src/carton/fft.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+namespace yycc::carton::fft {
+/**
+
+\page fft Homemade FFT
+
+This namespace provides a fast Fourier transform (FFT) implementation for signal processing applications.
+It includes classes for performing FFT computations on complex and real-valued signals, along with
+window functions to reduce spectral leakage.
+
+\section fft__basic_usage Basic Usage
+
+To use the FFT functionality for general purposes, use the FriendlyFft class:
+
+\code
+#include "yycc/carton/fft.hpp"
+using namespace yycc::carton::fft;
+
+// Create FFT instance for 8-point transform
+FriendlyFft<size_t, float, 8u> fft;
+
+// Prepare input data (must be power of 2 in length)
+float time_scope[8] = {1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f, 4.0f, 5.0f, 6.0f, 7.0f, 8.0f};
+float freq_scope[4]; // Output is half the input size
+
+// Create window function to reduce spectral leakage
+Window<size_t, float, 8u> window(WindowType::HanningWindow);
+
+// Perform FFT transformation
+fft.easy_compute(time_scope, freq_scope, window);
+
+// freq_scope now contains frequency domain data
+\endcode
+
+\section fft__window_functions Window Functions
+
+The library provides window functions to reduce spectral leakage:
+
+\code
+// Create a Hanning window for 16-point data
+Window<size_t, float, 16u> hanning_window(WindowType::HanningWindow);
+
+// Apply window to your data
+float data[16];
+// ... initialize data ...
+hanning_window.apply_window(data);
+\endcode
+
+\section fft__direct_fft Direct FFT Computation
+
+For more control over the FFT computation, use the core Fft class:
+
+\code
+#include "yycc/carton/fft.hpp"
+
+// Create FFT instance for 16-point transform
+Fft<size_t, double, 16u> fft;
+
+// Prepare complex input data
+std::complex<double> data[16];
+// ... initialize complex data ...
+
+// Perform FFT transformation
+fft.compute(data);
+// data now contains transformed values
+\endcode
+
+\section fft__predefined_types Predefined Types
+
+The library provides commonly used FFT types for convenience:
+
+\code
+// Float precision FFTs
+Fft4F fft4f;    // 4-point float FFT
+Fft8F fft8f;    // 8-point float FFT
+Fft16F fft16f;  // 16-point float FFT
+Fft256F fft256f; // 256-point float FFT
+
+// Double precision FFTs
+Fft4 fft4;      // 4-point double FFT
+Fft8 fft8;      // 8-point double FFT
+Fft16 fft16;    // 16-point double FFT
+Fft256 fft256;  // 256-point double FFT
+\endcode
+
+\section fft__requirements Requirements
+
+- Template parameters must satisfy certain constraints:
+  - \c TIndex: The index type used by FFT which must be an unsigned integral type.
+  - \c TFloat: The float point type used by FFT.
+  - \c VN: The point of FFT which must be a power of 2 and >= 2.
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/carton/ironpad.dox

@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
-namespace YYCC::ExceptionHelper {
+namespace yycc::carton::ironpad {
 /**
 
-\page exception_helper Unhandled Exception Handler
+\page ironpad Unhandled Exception Handler
 
-Most Linux users are familiar with core dump.
-However core dump is a tough work on Windows especially most Windows users are naive for getting core dump.
-So it is essential to make an easy-to-visit core dump Feature for Windows program.
-YYCC provides this feature in YYCC::ExceptionHelper.
+Most Linux users are familiar with using core dump to find bugs.
+However finding bugs is a tough work on Windows especially most Windows users are naive for getting core dump.
+So it is essential to make an easy-to-visit core dump feature for Windows program.
+This is the reason why I create this module, yycc::carton::ironpad.
 
 You may know Google also has a similar and universal project called Crashpad used by Google Chrome.
 That's right. But it is too heavy.
 I just want to implement a tiny but worked core dump feature on Windows.
 
 This module is Windows specific.
-It will be invisible on other platforms.
+It still be available on other operating systems but all of its functions are do nothing.
 
-\section exception_helper__usage Usage
+\section ironpad__usage Usage
 
-\subsection exception_helper__usage__code Register Code
+\subsection ironpad__usage__code Register Code
 
-In most scenarios, programmer only need call #Register when program started or module loaded.
-And call #Unregister when program exited or module unloaded.
+In most scenarios, programmer only need call #startup when program started or module loaded.
+And call #shutdown when program exited or module unloaded.
 All details are hidden by these 2 feature.
 Programmer do not need worried about the implementation of unhandled exception handler.
 
-Optionally, you can provide a function pointer during calling #Register as a callback.
+Optionally, you can provide a function pointer during calling #startup as a callback.
 The prototype of this function pointer is #ExceptionCallback.
 This callback will be called if any unhandled exception happened.
 It provides 2 pathes to log file and core dump file respectively.
@@ -35,21 +35,21 @@ However, please note the pathes provided by callback may be empty.
 In this case, it means that handler fail to create corresponding log files.
 Also, if you trying to register unhandled exception handler on the same process in different module with different callback,
 only the callback provided in first success registering will be called when unhandled exception happened,
-due to \ref exception_helper__notes__singleton design.
+due to \ref ironpad__notes__singleton design.
 
-\subsection exception_helper__usage__location Location
+\subsection ironpad__usage__location Location
 
 When unhandled exception occurs, 
 unhandled exception handler will try to record error log and core dump in following path:
 
-\li Error Log: <TT>\%LOCALAPPDATA\%\\CrashDumps\\<I>program.exe</I>.<I>pid</I>.log</TT>
-\li Core Dump: <TT>\%LOCALAPPDATA\%\\CrashDumps\\<I>program.exe</I>.<I>pid</I>.dmp</TT>
+\li Error Log: <TT>\%LOCALAPPDATA\%\\IronPad\\<I>program.exe</I>.<I>pid</I>.log</TT>
+\li Core Dump: <TT>\%LOCALAPPDATA\%\\IronPad\\<I>program.exe</I>.<I>pid</I>.dmp</TT>
 
 The italic characters <I>program.exe</I> and <I>pid</I> will be replaced by program name and process ID respectively at runtime.
-Directory <TT>\%LOCALAPPDATA\%\\CrashDumps</TT> also is Windows used crash dump directory.
-So you may see some other core dumps done by Windows in it.
+Directory <TT>\%LOCALAPPDATA\%\\IronPad</TT> is the dedicated directory for this module.
+So you may see the generated logs and dumps in it.
 
-\subsection exception_helper__usage__last_remedy Last Remedy
+\subsection ironpad__usage__last_remedy Last Remedy
 
 If unhandled exception handler occurs error, these stuff may not be generated correctly.
 The end user may not find them and send them to you.
@@ -65,40 +65,40 @@ Also please note the last remedy may still have a little bit possibility to occu
 especially the error occurs in back trace function.
 There is no guaranteen that unhandled exception handler must generate error log and core dump.
 
-\section exception_helper__notes Notes
+\section ironpad__notes Notes
 
-\subsection exception_helper__notes__thread_safe Thread Safe
+\subsection ironpad__notes__thread_safe Thread Safe
 
-All exposed functions in YYCC::ExceptionHelper are thread safe.
-The implementation uses \c std:mutex to ensure this.
+All exposed functions in this namespace are thread safe.
+The implementation uses \c std::mutex to ensure this.
 
-\subsection exception_helper__notes__singleton Singleton Handler
+\subsection ironpad__notes__singleton Singleton Handler
 
-YYCC::ExceptionHelper also have a mechanism that make sure the same unhandled exception handler implementation only appear once in the same process.
+This namespace also have a mechanism that make sure the same unhandled exception handler implementation only appear once in the same process.
 For example, you have an executable program A.exe, and 2 dynamic libraries B.dll and C.dll.
 A.exe and B.dll use YYCC unhandled exception handler feature but C.dll not.
 A.exe will load B.dll and C.dll at runtime.
-Although both A.exe and B.dll call #Register,
+Although both A.exe and B.dll call #startup,
 when unhandled exception occurs, there is only one error report output, 
 which may be generated by A.exe or B.dll accoridng to their order of loading.
 
 The core purpose of this is making sure the program will not output too many error report for the same unhandled exception,
-no matter how many modules calling #Register are loaded.
+no matter how many modules calling #startup are loaded.
 Only one error report is enough.
 
 More precisely, we use \c CreateMutexW to create an unique mutex in Windows global scope,
-to make sure #Register only run once in the same process.
+to make sure #startup only run once in the same process.
 It is very like the implementation of singleton application.
 
-\subsection exception_helper__notes__recursive_calling Recursive Calling
+\subsection ironpad__notes__recursive_calling Recursive Calling
 
 The implementation of unhandled exception handler may also will throw exception.
 This will cause infinite recursive calling.
-YYCC::ExceptionHelper has internal mechanism to prevent this bad case.
+This namespace has internal mechanism to prevent this bad case.
 If this really happened, the handler will quit silent and will not cause any issue.
 Programmer don't need to worry about this.
 
-\subsection exception_helper__notes__user_callback The Timing of User Callback
+\subsection ironpad__notes__user_callback The Timing of User Callback
 
 The timing of calling user callback is the tail of unhandled exception handler.
 It means that all log and coredump have been written if possible before calling callback.

doc/src/carton/lexer61.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+namespace yycc::carton::lexer61 {
+/**
+
+\page lexer61 Homemade Command Line Lexer
+
+This namespace provides a lexer for parsing command-line arguments, supporting various quoting mechanisms,
+escape sequences, and Unicode characters. It follows the standard shell parsing rules for handling
+arguments containing spaces and special characters.
+
+\section lexer61__basic_usage Basic Usage
+
+To parse command line arguments, create a Lexer61 instance and call the Lexer61::lex() method:
+
+\code
+#include "yycc/carton/lexer61.hpp"
+using namespace yycc::carton::lexer61;
+
+Lexer61 lexer;
+auto result = lexer.lex(u8"program arg1 arg2 arg3");
+
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    auto args = std::move(result.value());
+    // args contains: [u8"program", u8"arg1", u8"arg2", u8"arg3"]
+    for (const auto& arg : args) {
+        std::wcout << reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(arg.c_str()) << std::endl;
+    }
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section lexer61__quoting_support Quoting Support
+
+The lexer supports both single and double quotes for grouping arguments with spaces:
+
+\code
+Lexer61 lexer;
+
+// Double quotes
+auto result1 = lexer.lex(u8R"(program "argument with spaces" end)");
+// Result: [u8"program", u8"argument with spaces", u8"end"]
+
+// Single quotes
+auto result2 = lexer.lex(u8"program 'another argument' end");
+// Result: [u8"program", u8"another argument", u8"end"]
+
+// Mixed quotes
+auto result3 = lexer.lex(u8R"(program "double quoted 'single inside'" 'single quoted "double inside"')");
+// Result: [u8"program", u8"double quoted 'single inside'", u8"single quoted \"double inside\""]
+\endcode
+
+\section lexer61__escape_sequences Escape Sequences
+
+The lexer supports escape sequences for including special characters:
+
+\code
+Lexer61 lexer;
+auto result = lexer.lex(u8R"(program escaped\ space "quoted with \" quote" 'single with \' quote')");
+
+// Result: [u8"program", u8"escaped space", u8"quoted with \" quote", u8"single with \' quote"]
+\endcode
+
+\section lexer61__unicode_support Unicode Support
+
+The lexer fully supports Unicode characters in command line arguments:
+
+\code
+Lexer61 lexer;
+auto result = lexer.lex(u8"程序 中文 参数");
+// Result: [u8"程序", u8"中文", u8"参数"]
+
+// With quotes
+auto result2 = lexer.lex(u8R"(程序 "中文 参数" '另一个"引号"参数')");
+// Result: [u8"程序", u8"中文 参数", u8"另一个\"引号\"参数"]
+\endcode
+
+\section lexer61__empty_arguments Empty Arguments
+
+Empty arguments can be represented with empty quotes:
+
+\code
+Lexer61 lexer;
+auto result = lexer.lex(u8R"(program "" '')");
+
+// Result: [u8"program", u8"", u8""]
+\endcode
+
+\section lexer61__error_handling Error Handling
+
+The lexer uses \c std::expected for error handling:
+
+\code
+Lexer61 lexer;
+auto result = lexer.lex(u8R"(program "unclosed quote)");
+
+if (!result.has_value()) {
+    // Handle error - in this case, unclosed quote
+    std::cerr << "Error: unclosed quote" << std::endl;
+    std::abort();
+}
+\endcode
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/carton/pycodec.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+namespace yycc::carton::pycodec {
+/**
+\page pycodec Unified Codec (Python-like Codec)
+
+\section pycodec__overview Overview
+
+The unified encoding conversion module provides a consistent interface for character encoding conversion across different platforms. 
+It automatically selects the appropriate backend implementation based on the platform and available features.
+
+\section pycodec__classes Available Classes
+
+\subsection pycodec__classes__char Character to/from UTF-8 Conversion
+
+Convert between named encodings and UTF-8 using a unified interface:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/carton/pycodec.hpp>
+
+// Example: Converting from a named encoding to UTF-8
+CharToUtf8 converter("GBK");  // or "ISO-8859-1", "SHIFT-JIS", etc.
+
+std::string gbk_text = "你好，世界！";
+auto result = converter.to_utf8(gbk_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting from UTF-8 to a named encoding
+Utf8ToChar converter("GBK");
+
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = converter.to_char(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::string gbk_text = result.value();
+    // Use gbk_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\subsection pycodec__classes__wchar Wide Character to/from UTF-8 Conversion
+
+Convert between wide character strings and UTF-8:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/carton/pycodec.hpp>
+
+// Example: Converting wide character to UTF-8
+WcharToUtf8 converter;
+
+std::wstring wide_text = L"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = converter.to_utf8(wide_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to wide character
+Utf8ToWchar converter;
+
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = converter.to_wchar(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::wstring wide_text = result.value();
+    // Use wide_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\subsection pycodec__classes__utf16_utf32 UTF-8 to/from UTF-16/UTF-32 Conversion
+
+Convert between UTF encodings:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/carton/pycodec.hpp>
+
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to UTF-16
+Utf8ToUtf16 converter;
+
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = converter.to_utf16(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u16string utf16_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf16_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-16 to UTF-8
+Utf16ToUtf8 converter;
+
+std::u16string utf16_text = u"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = converter.to_utf8(utf16_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to UTF-32
+Utf8ToUtf32 converter;
+
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界! 🌍";
+auto result = converter.to_utf32(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u32string utf32_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf32_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-32 to UTF-8
+Utf32ToUtf8 converter;
+
+std::u32string utf32_text = U"Hello, 世界! 🌍";
+auto result = converter.to_utf8(utf32_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section pycodec__utility Utility Functions
+
+\subsection pycodec__utility__validation Encoding Name Validation
+
+Check if an encoding name is valid in the current environment:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/carton/pycodec.hpp>
+
+// Example: Validating an encoding name
+bool is_valid = is_valid_encoding_name(u8"UTF-8");
+if (is_valid) {
+    std::cout << "UTF-8 is a valid encoding name\n";
+} else {
+    std::cout << "UTF-8 is not supported\n";
+}
+
+// Test another encoding
+is_valid = is_valid_encoding_name(u8"GBK");
+\endcode
+
+\section pycodec__error_handling Error Handling
+
+All functions in this module return a result containing either 
+a ConvError struct represents conversion errors, or the final converted string.
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/carton/pycodec.hpp>
+
+CharToUtf8 converter("INVALID_ENCODING_NAME");
+std::string text = "Hello";
+
+auto result = converter.to_utf8(text);
+
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string converted = result.value();
+    // Process successfully converted string
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion failure
+    std::cout << "Conversion failed\n";
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section pycodec__backend_specifics Platform-Specific Backends
+
+For detailed information about the specific platform backends, see:
+
+\li \ref encoding__windows : Windows-specific implementation using Win32 APIs
+\li \ref encoding__iconv : Iconv-based implementation for POSIX-like systems
+
+\section pycodec__notes Notes
+
+For all supported encoding names and their aliases,
+please browse code written in <TT>script/pycodec</TT> located in our source code.
+
+Please also note that not all encoding name has implementation for all platforms.
+Some uncommon encoding names are not supported on some backend due to the limitations of the corresponding baskend.
+These also can be found in that directory introduced above.
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/carton/tabulate.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+namespace yycc::carton::tabulate {
+/**
+
+\page tabulate Tabulate Utilities
+
+This namespace provides utilities for creating formatted tables in console output.
+It supports Unicode text, automatic column width calculation, customizable headers,
+and flexible display options.
+
+\section tabulate__basic_usage Basic Usage
+
+To create a simple table with headers and data rows:
+
+\code
+#include "yycc/carton/tabulate.hpp"
+using namespace yycc::carton::tabulate;
+
+// Create a table with 3 columns
+Tabulate table(3);
+
+// Set the header
+table.set_header({u8"Name", u8"Age", u8"City"});
+
+// Add data rows
+table.add_row({u8"Alice", u8"30", u8"New York"});
+table.add_row({u8"Bob", u8"25", u8"Los Angeles"});
+table.add_row({u8"Charlie", u8"35", u8"Chicago"});
+
+// Print the table
+table.print();
+\endcode
+
+This will output:
+\verbatim
+Name    Age City      
+-----   --- --------- 
+Alice   30  New York  
+Bob     25  Los Angeles
+Charlie 35  Chicago   
+\endverbatim
+
+\section tabulate__customization Customization Options
+
+You can customize various aspects of the table:
+
+\code
+Tabulate table(3);
+
+// Set a custom separator bar
+table.set_bar(u8"===");
+
+// Add a prefix (useful for indentation)
+table.set_prefix(u8"> ");
+
+// Control header and bar visibility
+table.show_header(false);  // Hide header
+table.show_bar(true);      // Show separator bar
+
+// Set header
+table.set_header({u8"Col1", u8"Col2", u8"Col3"});
+
+// Add data
+table.add_row({u8"data1", u8"data2", u8"data3"});
+
+table.print();
+\endcode
+
+\section tabulate__unicode_support Unicode Support
+
+The library fully supports Unicode text in tables:
+
+\code
+Tabulate table(3);
+
+// Set Unicode header
+table.set_header({u8"姓名", u8"年龄", u8"城市"});
+
+// Add Unicode data
+table.add_row({u8"张三", u8"30", u8"北京"});
+table.add_row({u8"李四", u8"25", u8"上海"});
+
+table.print();
+\endcode
+
+\section tabulate__stream_output Stream Output
+
+You can print to any output stream, not just stdout:
+
+\code
+#include <fstream>
+
+Tabulate table(2);
+table.set_header({u8"Key", u8"Value"});
+table.add_row({u8"temp", u8"25C"});
+
+// Print to file
+std::ofstream file("table.txt");
+table.print(file);
+
+// Or print to stringstream
+std::stringstream ss;
+table.print(ss);
+std::string table_str = ss.str();
+\endcode
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/carton/termcolor.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+namespace yycc::carton::termcolor {
+/**
+
+\page termcolor Terminal Color Utilities
+
+This namespace provides functions to generate ANSI escape sequence for terminal font color and style.
+It also provides functions to add color and style for given string with ANSI Escape Sequence.
+
+Supported color is limited in 16 colors,
+because these color is implemented by ASCII Escape Code: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code .
+So if your terminal do not support this, such as default Windows terminal, or teletypewriter,
+you will see some unrecognised characters surrounding with your output.
+That's ASCII Escape Code.
+
+This namespace is basically the imitation of the Python package with same name.
+
+\section termcolor__basic_colors Basic Colors
+
+To use basic foreground and background colors:
+
+\code
+#include "yycc/carton/termcolor.hpp"
+using namespace yycc::carton::termcolor;
+
+// Print red text
+std::cout << colored(u8"Error message", Color::Red) << std::endl;
+
+// Print blue text with yellow background
+cprint(u8"Info message", Color::Blue, Color::Yellow);
+\endcode
+
+\section termcolor__light_colors Light Colors
+
+The namespace provides both standard and light versions of colors:
+
+\code
+// Standard green
+std::cout << colored(u8"Success", Color::Green) << std::endl;
+
+// Light green (brighter variant)
+std::cout << colored(u8"Notice", Color::LightGreen) << std::endl;
+\endcode
+
+\section termcolor__text_styles Text Styles
+
+Multiple text styles can be combined using bitwise operations:
+
+\code
+// Bold text
+std::cout << colored(u8"Important", Color::Red, Color::Default, Attribute::Bold) << std::endl;
+
+// Underlined text
+std::cout << colored(u8"Underlined", Color::Blue, Color::Default, Attribute::Underline) << std::endl;
+
+// Combined styles
+auto combined_style = yycc::cenum::merge(Attribute::Bold, Attribute::Italic);
+cprint(u8"Bold and italic", Color::Magenta, Color::Default, combined_style);
+\endcode
+
+\section termcolor__convenience_functions Convenience Functions
+
+Several convenience functions are available for direct printing:
+
+\code
+// Print to stdout with color
+cprint(u8"Hello World", Color::Green);
+
+// Print to stderr with color and style
+ceprint(u8"Warning", Color::Yellow, Color::Default, Attribute::Bold);
+
+// Print with line break
+cprintln(u8"Success", Color::LightGreen);
+
+// Print to stderr with line break
+ceprintln(u8"Critical Error", Color::LightRed, Color::Default, Attribute::Blink);
+\endcode
+
+\section termcolor__color_enums Available Colors
+
+Available foreground and background colors include:
+
+\li Color::Black
+\li Color::Red
+\li Color::Green
+\li Color::Yellow
+\li Color::Blue
+\li Color::Magenta
+\li Color::Cyan
+\li Color::White
+\li Color::LightBlack
+\li Color::LightRed
+\li Color::LightGreen
+\li Color::LightYellow
+\li Color::LightBlue
+\li Color::LightMagenta
+\li Color::LightCyan
+\li Color::LightWhite
+\li Color::Default
+
+\section termcolor__style_enums Available Styles
+
+Available text styles include:
+
+\li Attribute::Bold
+\li Attribute::Dark
+\li Attribute::Italic
+\li Attribute::Underline
+\li Attribute::Blink
+\li Attribute::Reverse
+\li Attribute::Concealed
+\li Attribute::Default
+
+\section termcolor__old_macros Where is Old Macros
+
+If you have used YYCC 1.x version, you may know that these features are also presented but in a bunch of macros style.
+These macros is removed since YYCC 2.0.
+Since YYCC 2.0, we suggest you to use these new provided functions instead,
+because they are more robust and correspond with our new style of coding by \c std::format and etc.
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/carton/wcwidth.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+namespace yycc::carton::wcwidth {
+/**
+
+\page wcwidth Cross-platform Wcwidth
+
+This namespace provides cross-platform implementations of character width calculation functions,
+similar to the Linux-specific \c wcswidth function. It supports Unicode text and ANSI escape sequences,
+making it suitable for calculating display widths of text in terminals across different platforms.
+
+\section wcwidth__basic_usage Basic Usage
+
+To calculate the display width of a string in a terminal:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/carton/wcwidth.hpp>
+using namespace yycc::carton::wcwidth;
+
+// Calculate width of ASCII text
+size_t width1 = wcwidth(U'a');  // Returns 1
+auto width2 = wcswidth(u8"Hello");  // Returns 5
+
+// Calculate width of Unicode text
+auto width3 = wcswidth(u8"你好世界");  // Returns 8 (Chinese chars typically take 2 spaces each)
+auto width4 = wcswidth(u8"ありがとう");  // Returns 10 (Japanese katakana)
+\endcode
+
+\section wcwidth__ansi_support ANSI Escape Sequence Support
+
+The library can handle ANSI escape sequences (like color codes) in text
+which is not supported by Linux \c wcswidth.
+
+\code
+#include "yycc/carton/termcolor.hpp"
+using namespace yycc::carton::termcolor;
+
+// Calculate width of colored text
+auto colored_text = colored(u8"Hello World", Color::Red);
+auto width = wcswidth(colored_text);
+// Returns the width of "Hello World" (ignoring the ANSI escape sequences)
+\endcode
+
+\section wcwidth__error_handling Error Handling
+
+The functions use \c std::expected for error handling:
+
+\code
+#include "yycc/carton/wcwidth.hpp"
+
+// Safe way to handle potential errors
+auto result = wcswidth(u8"\033?");  // Invalid ANSI sequence
+
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    size_t width = result.value();
+    std::cout << "Width: " << width << std::endl;
+} else {
+    std::cout << "Invalid string" << std::endl;
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section wcwidth__character_types Supported Character Types
+
+The library provides two main functions:
+
+- wcwidth(): Calculate width of a single character.
+- wcswidth(): Calculate width of a string.
+
+\code
+// Using wcwidth for single characters
+size_t char_width = wcwidth(U'A');        // Returns 1
+size_t emoji_width = wcwidth(U'😀');      // Returns width of emoji
+
+// Using wcswidth for strings
+auto str_width1 = wcswidth(u8"Hello");          // Returns 5
+auto str_width2 = wcswidth(U"Unicode String");  // Returns string length in display width
+\endcode
+
+\section wcwidth__platform_differences Platform Considerations
+
+This library addresses platform differences in wide character handling:
+
+\li On Linux, \c whar_t is 4 bytes and can represent any Unicode character
+\li On Windows, \c whar_t is 2 bytes and may require surrogate pairs for some characters
+
+So this library uses \c char32_t internally to ensure consistent behavior across platforms,
+and expose functions with \c char32_t and \c char8_t string container respectively for user.
+
+\section wcwidth__unicode_support Unicode and East Asian Widths
+
+The library properly handles East Asian character widths:
+
+\code
+// Chinese characters typically occupy 2 terminal spaces
+auto chinese_width = wcswidth(u8"中文");  // Returns 4 (2 chars × 2 spaces each)
+
+// Japanese characters
+auto kana_width = wcswidth(u8"ありがとう");  // Returns 10 (5 kana × 2 spaces each)
+
+// Mixed text
+auto mixed_width = wcswidth(u8"Hello 世界");  // Returns 8 (5 ASCII + 1 space + 2 Chinese chars × 2 spaces)
+\endcode
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/encoding/iconv.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+namespace yycc::encoding::iconv {
+/**
+\page encoding__iconv Iconv-based Codec
+
+\section encoding__iconv__overview Overview
+
+The Iconv-based encoding conversion module provides encoding conversion functionality using the iconv library. 
+This module is available when you are in POSIX system, or enable iconv support manually when configuring the library.
+
+\section encoding__iconv__classes Available Classes
+
+\subsection encoding__iconv__classes__char Char to/from UTF-8 Conversion
+
+Convert between character encodings and UTF-8:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/iconv.hpp>
+
+// Example: Creating a converter from Latin-1 to UTF-8
+CharToUtf8 converter("ISO-8859-1");
+
+std::string latin1_text = "Café résumé naïve";
+auto result = converter.to_utf8(latin1_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Creating a converter from UTF-8 to Latin-1
+Utf8ToChar converter("ISO-8859-1");
+
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Café résumé naïve";
+auto result = converter.to_char(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::string latin1_text = result.value();
+    // Use latin1_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\subsection encoding__iconv__classes__wchar WChar to/from UTF-8 Conversion
+
+Convert between wide character and UTF-8:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/iconv.hpp>
+
+// Example: Converting wide character to UTF-8
+WcharToUtf8 converter;
+
+std::wstring wide_text = L"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = converter.to_utf8(wide_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to wide character
+Utf8ToWchar converter;
+
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = converter.to_wchar(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::wstring wide_text = result.value();
+    // Use wide_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\subsection encoding__iconv__classes__utf16_utf32 UTF-8 to/from UTF-16/UTF-32 Conversion
+
+Convert between UTF encodings:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/iconv.hpp>
+
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to UTF-16
+Utf8ToUtf16 converter;
+
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = converter.to_utf16(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u16string utf16_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf16_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-16 to UTF-8
+Utf16ToUtf8 converter;
+
+std::u16string utf16_text = u"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = converter.to_utf8(utf16_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to UTF-32
+Utf8ToUtf32 converter;
+
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界! 🌍";
+auto result = converter.to_utf32(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u32string utf32_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf32_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-32 to UTF-8
+Utf32ToUtf8 converter;
+
+std::u32string utf32_text = U"Hello, 世界! 🌍";
+auto result = converter.to_utf8(utf32_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section encoding__iconv__error_handling Error Handling
+
+All functions in this module return a result containing either 
+a ConvError struct represents conversion errors, or the final converted string.
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/iconv.hpp>
+
+CharToUtf8 converter("INVALID_ENCODING");
+// Note: Constructor errors might be detected during conversion
+
+std::string text = "Hello";
+auto result = converter.to_utf8(text);
+
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string converted = result.value();
+    // Process successfully converted string
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion failure
+    std::cout << "Conversion failed\n";
+}
+\endcode
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/encoding/stl.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+namespace yycc::encoding::stl {
+/**
+\page encoding__stl STL-based Codec
+
+\section encoding__stl__overview Overview
+
+The STL-based encoding conversion module provides cross-platform encoding conversion functionality using the standard library's codecvt facets.
+This module is designed to handle conversions between UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32 encodings using the standard C++ locale facilities.
+
+\section encoding__stl__attentions Attentions
+
+The underlying implementation of this module is deprecated by C++ STL and may be removed in future versions of C++.
+So please use this module carefully or considering use our \ref pycodec module instead.
+
+\section encoding__stl__functions Available Functions
+
+\subsection encoding__stl__functions__utf16 UTF-8 to/from UTF-16 Conversion
+
+Convert between UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings using standard library facilities:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/stl.hpp>
+
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to UTF-16
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = to_utf16(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u16string utf16_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf16_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-16 to UTF-8
+std::u16string utf16_text = u"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = to_utf8(utf16_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\subsection encoding__stl__functions__utf32 UTF-8 to/from UTF-32 Conversion
+
+Convert between UTF-8 and UTF-32 encodings:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/stl.hpp>
+
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to UTF-32
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界! 🌍";
+auto result = to_utf32(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u32string utf32_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf32_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-32 to UTF-8
+std::u32string utf32_text = U"Hello, 世界! 🌍";
+auto result = to_utf8(utf32_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section encoding__stl__error_handling Error Handling
+
+All functions in this module return a result containing either 
+a ConvError struct represents conversion errors, or the final converted string.
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/stl.hpp>
+
+std::u8string invalid_utf8 = "\xFF\xFE"; // Invalid UTF-8 sequence
+auto result = to_utf16(invalid_utf8);
+
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u16string converted = result.value();
+    // Process successfully converted string
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion failure
+    std::cout << "Conversion failed\n";
+}
+\endcode
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/encoding/windows.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+namespace yycc::encoding::windows {
+/**
+\page encoding__windows Win32-based Codec
+
+\section encoding__windows__overview Overview
+
+The Windows-specific encoding conversion module provides encoding conversion functionality 
+using Windows API functions such as `WideCharToMultiByte` and `MultiByteToWideChar`. 
+This module is available only on Windows platforms and offers efficient conversion 
+between various character encodings including wide character, multi-byte, and UTF-8.
+
+\section encoding__windows__functions Available Functions
+
+\subsection encoding__windows__functions__wchar Wide Character to/from Multi-byte Conversion
+
+Convert between wide character strings and multi-byte strings using Windows code pages:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/windows.hpp>
+
+// Example: Converting wide character string to multi-byte with specific code page
+std::wstring wide_text = L"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = to_char(wide_text, CP_UTF8);  // Using UTF-8 code page
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::string multi_byte_text = result.value();
+    // Use multi_byte_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting multi-byte string to wide character with specific code page
+std::string multi_byte_text = "Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = to_wchar(multi_byte_text, CP_UTF8);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::wstring wide_text = result.value();
+    // Use wide_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\subsection encoding__windows__functions__mbcs Multi-byte to/from Multi-byte Conversion
+
+Convert between different multi-byte encodings by using wide character as an intermediate:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/windows.hpp>
+
+// Example: Converting between two different code pages
+std::string source_text = "Hello, world!";
+auto result = to_char(source_text, CP_ACP, CP_UTF8);  // ANSI to UTF-8
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use converted UTF-8 text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\subsection encoding__windows__functions__utf8 UTF-8 Specific Conversions
+
+Specialized functions for UTF-8 conversion without requiring explicit code page specification:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/windows.hpp>
+
+// Example: Converting wide character to UTF-8
+std::wstring wide_text = L"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = to_utf8(wide_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to wide character
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = to_wchar(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::wstring wide_text = result.value();
+    // Use wide_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting multi-byte to UTF-8
+std::string multi_byte_text = "Hello, world!";
+auto result = to_utf8(multi_byte_text, CP_ACP);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to multi-byte
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, world!";
+auto result = to_char(utf8_text, CP_ACP);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::string multi_byte_text = result.value();
+    // Use multi_byte_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\subsection encoding__windows__functions__utf16_utf32 UTF-8 to/from UTF-16/UTF-32 Conversion
+
+Available on Windows with Microsoft STL for conversion between UTF encodings:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/windows.hpp>
+
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to UTF-16
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = to_utf16(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u16string utf16_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf16_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-16 to UTF-8
+std::u16string utf16_text = u"Hello, 世界!";
+auto result = to_utf8(utf16_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-8 to UTF-32
+std::u8string utf8_text = u8"Hello, 世界! 🌍";
+auto result = to_utf32(utf8_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u32string utf32_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf32_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\code
+// Example: Converting UTF-32 to UTF-8
+std::u32string utf32_text = U"Hello, 世界! 🌍";
+auto result = to_utf8(utf32_text);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::u8string utf8_text = result.value();
+    // Use utf8_text...
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section encoding__windows__error_handling Error Handling
+
+All functions in this module return a result containing either 
+a ConvError struct represents conversion errors, or the final converted string.
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/encoding/windows.hpp>
+
+std::wstring invalid_text = /* some problematic string */;
+auto result = to_char(invalid_text, CP_UTF8);
+
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::string converted = result.value();
+    // Process successfully converted string
+} else {
+    // Handle conversion failure
+    std::cout << "Conversion failed\n";
+}
+\endcode
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/env.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+namespace yycc::env {
+/**
+
+\page env Environment Operations
+
+This namespace provide various environment operations inspired by Rust standard library.
+
+\section env__var Environment Variable Operations
+
+These functions allow manipulation of environment variables with proper error handling using \c std::expected.
+
+\li get_var(): Get the value of a given environment variable name
+\li set_var(): Set the value of a given environment variable name
+\li del_var(): Delete environment variable with given name
+\li get_vars(): Get all environment variables as a list of name-value pairs
+
+There is an example usage of these functions below:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/env.hpp>
+
+auto result = yycc::env::get_var(u8"PATH");
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    auto value = result.value();
+    // Use the value...
+} else {
+    // Handle the error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section env__path Path Operations
+
+These functions provide access to various important paths in the system environment.
+
+\li current_dir(): Returns the current working directory
+\li current_exe(): Returns the path of the current running executable
+\li home_dir(): Returns the path of the current user's home directory if known
+\li temp_dir(): Returns the path of a temporary directory
+
+There is an example usage of these functions below:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/env.hpp>
+#include <yycc/patch/stream.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace yycc::patch::stream;
+
+auto cwd_result = yycc::env::current_dir();
+if (cwd_result.has_value()) {
+    std::cout << "Current directory: " << cwd_result.value() << std::endl;
+}
+
+auto exe_result = yycc::env::current_exe();
+if (exe_result.has_value()) {
+    std::cout << "Executable path: " << exe_result.value() << std::endl;
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section env__arg Command Line Argument Operations
+
+These functions provide access to command-line arguments passed to the program.
+
+\li get_args(): Returns the arguments that this program was started with
+
+There is an example usage of these functions below:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/env.hpp>
+#include <yycc/patch/stream.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace yycc::patch::stream;
+
+auto args_result = yycc::env::get_args();
+if (args_result.has_value()) {
+    auto args = args_result.value();
+    for (auto& arg : args) {
+        std::cout << "Arg: " << arg << std::endl;
+    }
+}
+\endcode
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/index.dox

@@ -43,28 +43,51 @@
 
     \li \subpage num__parser
 
+    \li \subpage num__op
+
+    \li \subpage num__safe_cast
+
+    \li \subpage num__safe_op
+
     \li \subpage patch
 
-    <!--
-    \li \subpage encoding_helper
+    \li \subpage env
 
-    \li \subpage console_helper
+    \li \subpage rust
 
-    -->
+    <B>Text Encoding</B>
 
-    <!--
-    \li \subpage constraints
+    \li \subpage encoding__stl
 
-    \li \subpage config_manager
+    \li \subpage encoding__windows
 
-    \li \subpage arg_parser
-    -->
+    \li \subpage encoding__iconv
+
+    \li \subpage pycodec
 
   </TD>
   <TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP">
 
     <B>Advanced Features (Carton)</B>
 
+    \li \subpage termcolor
+
+    \li \subpage csconsole
+
+    \li \subpage ironpad
+
+    \li \subpage clap
+
+    \li \subpage binstore
+
+    \li \subpage fft
+
+    \li \subpage lexer61
+
+    \li \subpage wcwidth
+
+    \li \subpage tabulate
+
     <B>Windows Specific Features</B>
 
     \li \subpage windows__import_guard
@@ -73,11 +96,9 @@
 
     \li \subpage windows__dialog
 
-    <!--
-    \li \subpage win_fct_helper
+    \li \subpage windows__winfct
 
-    \li \subpage exception_helper
-    -->
+    \li \subpage windows__console
 
   </TD>
 </TR>

doc/src/num/op.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+namespace yycc::num::op {
+/**
+
+\page num__op Numeric Operations
+
+Namespace yycc::num::op provides functions for robust numeric operations inspired by Rust's approach to primitive type operations.
+
+Currently, this namespace only supports unsigned integer ceiling division, though more operations may be added in the future based on demand.
+
+\section num__op__div_ceil Ceiling Division
+
+The \c div_ceil function performs division between two unsigned integers and rounds up the result. 
+It uses a safe algorithm that avoids potential overflow issues that could occur with the traditional formula <TT>(lhs + rhs - 1) / rhs</TT>.
+
+The function computes: <TT>(lhs % rhs == 0) ? (lhs / rhs) : (lhs / rhs) + 1u</TT>
+The function prevents division by zero by checking the divisor before performing the operation and throwing a std::logic_error if the divisor is zero.
+
+Here are some examples showing how to use this function:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/num/op.hpp>
+
+// Ceiling division examples
+uint32_t result1 = op::div_ceil(uint32_t(10), uint32_t(3)); // Results in 4
+uint32_t result2 = op::div_ceil(uint32_t(9), uint32_t(3));  // Results in 3
+uint32_t result3 = op::div_ceil(uint32_t(1), uint32_t(10)); // Results in 1
+\endcode
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/num/safe_cast.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+namespace yycc::num::safe_cast {
+/**
+
+\page num__safe_cast Numeric Safe Casting
+
+Namespace yycc::num::safe_cast provides functions which safely cast numeric value from one type to another.
+
+\section num__safe_cast__overview Overview
+
+When writing C++ code, casting between types with different ranges is very important 
+but greatly easy to make mistakes which finally cause fatal errors. 
+Inspired by Rust's approach to type conversion, 
+this namespace provides safe casting functions that handle potential overflow and underflow issues.
+
+\section num__safe_cast__functions Functions
+
+The namespace provides two main functions:
+\li \c to() - Direct conversion for cases where the destination type can definitely hold the source value
+which means definitely safe conversions (widening conversions).
+\li \c try_to() - Attempt conversion and return a Result type that includes error information if the conversion fails
+which means potentially risky conversions (narrowing conversions).
+
+The \c try_to function returns a \c std::expected.
+If the conversion succeeds, the result contains the converted value.
+If it fails, it contains a error info.
+
+\section num__safe_cast__examples Examples
+
+Here are some examples showing how to use the safe casting functions:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/num/safe_cast.hpp>
+
+// Safe conversion using 'to' function
+uint32_t val1 = safe_cast::to<uint32_t>(static_cast<int16_t>(123));
+
+// Potentially risky conversion using 'try_to' function
+auto result = safe_cast::try_to<int16_t>(static_cast<int32_t>(12345));
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    auto converted = result.value();
+    // Use converted value
+} else {
+    // Handle error
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section num__safe_cast__notes Notes
+
+The safety of conversions is determined at compile time using the \c CAN_SAFE_TO meta-programming concept.
+However, for variable-length data types (like \c size_t ), the safety determination may vary across platforms,
+which could affect code portability. For this reason, it would be better to use \c try_to for these types
+for better robust application on different platforms.
+
+\section num__safe_cast__limitations Limitations
+
+This namespace supports safe casting between integral types only. 
+Currently unsupported conversions include:
+
+\li Floating-point to floating-point conversions
+\li Floating-point to integer conversions
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/num/safe_op.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+namespace yycc::num::safe_op {
+/**
+
+\page num__safe_op Numeric Safe Arithmetic Operations
+
+Namespace yycc::num::safe_op provides Rust-like safe arithmetic operations 
+for handling overflow, underflow, and other undefined behaviors in C++.
+
+\section num__safe_op__overview Overview
+
+Inspired by Rust's rich set of arithmetic operators, 
+this namespace provides safe arithmetic operations that handle potential overflow, underflow, and other undefined behaviors that commonly occur in C++. 
+It offers multiple strategies for handling arithmetic operations including wrapping, checked, overflowing, saturating, and strict operations.
+
+\section num__safe_op__operation_types Operation Types
+
+The namespace provides several families of arithmetic operations:
+
+\li \c wrapping_* operations: Perform arithmetic with wrapping on overflow/underflow (similar to unsigned integer behavior)
+\li \c checked_* operations: Return std::optional containing the result, or std::nullopt if overflow/underflow occurs
+\li \c overflowing_* operations: Return a pair with the result and a boolean indicating whether overflow occurred
+\li \c saturating_* operations: Clamp the result to the min/max value when overflow/underflow occurs
+\li \c strict_* operations: Throw exceptions when overflow/underflow occurs
+\li \c ordinary operations (add, sub, mul, div): Alias to wrapping operations for safe default behavior
+
+\section num__safe_op__arithmetic_functions Arithmetic Functions
+
+For each operation type, the namespace provides functions for the four basic arithmetic operations:
+\li \c _add : Addition
+\li \c _sub : Subtraction
+\li \c _mul : Multiplication
+\li \c _div : Division
+
+For example, for wrapping operations: \c wrapping_add, \c wrapping_sub, \c wrapping_mul, \c wrapping_div.
+
+\section num__safe_op__examples Examples
+
+Here are some examples showing how to use the safe arithmetic functions:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/num/safe_op.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+// Wrapping addition - wraps around on overflow
+uint8_t result1 = safe_op::wrapping_add(uint8_t(200), uint8_t(100)); // Results in 44
+
+// Checked multiplication - returns std::optional
+auto result2 = safe_op::checked_mul(int32_t(1000000), int32_t(1000000));
+if (!result2.has_value()) {
+    std::cout << "Multiplication overflowed!" << std::endl;
+} else {
+    std::cout << "Result: " << result2.value() << std::endl;
+}
+
+// Overflowing subtraction - returns pair of result and overflow flag
+auto [result3, overflowed] = safe_op::overflowing_sub(int32_t(-10), int32_t(INT32_MIN));
+if (overflowed) {
+    std::cout << "Subtraction overflowed!" << std::endl;
+}
+
+// Saturating multiplication - clamps to min/max on overflow
+int32_t result4 = safe_op::saturating_mul(int32_t(1000000), int32_t(1000000)); // Clamps to INT32_MAX
+
+// Ordinary operations - safe defaults without undefined behavior
+int32_t result5 = safe_op::add(int32_t(10), int32_t(20)); // 30
+\endcode
+
+\section num__safe_op__undefined_behaviors Handling of Undefined Behaviors
+
+This namespace handles several undefined behaviors in C++ arithmetic:
+\li Signed integer overflow and underflow (e.g. INT_MAX + 1)
+\li Division by zero
+\li Performing INT_MIN / -1 division (which would result in a value that doesn't fit in the type)
+
+For division operations, special care is taken to handle these undefined behaviors appropriately depending on the operation type.
+
+\section num__safe_op__platform_support Platform Support
+
+The implementation uses hardware-specific overflow detection functions:
+\li GCC/Clang: Uses built-in functions like __builtin_add_overflow
+\li Windows: Uses Windows API functions from \c intsafe.h
+
+This ensures optimal performance across different platforms.
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/rust.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+namespace yycc {
+/**
+
+\page rust Rust Facilities in C++
+
+This collection of following headers brings Rust-style programming facilities to C++. 
+
+\section rust__primitive Primitive Types
+
+The yycc::primitive namespace provides primitive types similar to Rust's approach. 
+Especially resolve the problem that the names of C++ primitive types are so long.
+
+There is an example of using primitive types:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/primitive.hpp>
+using namespace yycc::primitive;
+
+i32 value = 42;
+u64 big_number = 1000000ULL;
+f64 precision = 3.14159265359;
+\endcode
+
+\section rust__option Option Type
+
+The yycc::option namespace reproduces Rust's Option type and its members Some and None in C++.
+Considering C++ has provide \c std::optional, this namespace provided contents are just an alias to it.
+
+\li yycc::option::Option - Template alias for std::optional
+\li yycc::option::Some - Function to create an Option with a value
+\li yycc::option::None - Function to create an empty Option
+
+There is an example of using \c Option type:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/option.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace yycc::option;
+
+Option<int> maybe_value = Some<Option<int>>(42);
+if (maybe_value.has_value()) {
+    std::cout << "Value: " << maybe_value.value() << std::endl;
+}
+
+auto empty_value = None<Option<int>>();
+if (!empty_value.has_value()) {
+    std::cout << "No value present" << std::endl;
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section rust__result Result Type
+
+The yycc::result namespace reproduces Rust's Result type and its members Ok and Err in C++. 
+Considering C++ has provide \c std::expected, this namespace provided contents are just an alias to it.
+
+\li yycc::result::Result - Template alias for std::expected
+\li yycc::result::Ok - Function to create a Result with a success value
+\li yycc::result::Err - Function to create a Result with an error value
+
+There is an example of using \c Result type:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/result.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace yycc::result;
+
+Result<int, int> divide(int a, int b) {
+    if (b == 0) {
+        return Err<Result<int, int>>(-1);  // Error code
+    }
+    return Ok<Result<int, int>>(a / b);
+}
+
+auto result = divide(10, 2);
+if (result.has_value()) {
+    std::cout << "Result: " << result.value() << std::endl;
+} else {
+    std::cout << "Error occurred: " << result.error() << std::endl;
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section rust__panic Panic Mechanism
+
+The yycc::panic namespace provides Rust-style panic functionality for immediate program termination on unrecoverable errors. 
+This imitates Rust's panic! macro behavior, allowing the program to immediately exit with error information and stack traces.
+
+\li RS_PANIC: Macro equivalent to Rust's panic! macro. 
+This macro will help you append all filename, line and function info to the real panic trigger function.
+\li yycc::panic::panic: The actual function called by the macro.
+User usually does not need to call this function directly.
+
+There is an example of using this panic mechanism:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/panic.hpp>
+
+void critical_function(int err_code) {
+    // Some condition that indicates an unrecoverable error
+    if (err_code != 100) {
+        RS_PANIC("Unrecoverable error in critical function with code {}", err_code);
+    }
+}
+\endcode
+
+\section rust__prelude Prelude
+
+The yycc::prelude namespace provides a Rust-like prelude for C++. In Rust, types are automatically imported into all files by default.
+This default-imported set of types is called the "prelude". 
+This namespace provides a similar concept for C++.
+
+This namespace will extract following content into \b global scope:
+
+\li All primitive types defined in yycc::primitive.
+\li Vec: \c std::vector template alias.
+\li All functionality from yycc::option and yycc::result namespaces.
+\li Panic mechanism from yycc::panic.
+
+There is an example of using this header:
+
+\code
+#include <yycc/prelude.hpp>
+
+// Now all Rust-style facilities are available without prefixes:
+i32 x = 42;                    // From primitive
+Vec<i32> numbers = {1, 2, 3};  // Vector of primitive types
+auto result = Ok<Result<i32, i32>>(x);  // Result type
+RS_PANIC("Something went wrong");       // Panic macro
+\endcode
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/string/op.dox

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ yycc::string::op provide 2 functions for programmer do string replacement:
 
 \code
 void replace(std::u8string& strl, const std::u8string_view& from_strl, const std::u8string_view& to_strl);
-std::u8string replace(const std::u8string_view& strl, const std::u8string_view& from_strl, const std::u8string_view& to_strl);
+std::u8string to_replace(const std::u8string_view& strl, const std::u8string_view& from_strl, const std::u8string_view& to_strl);
 \endcode
 
 The first overload will do replacement in given string container directly.
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ std::vector<std::u8string> split_owned(const std::u8string_view& strl, const std
 All these overloads take a string view as the first argument representing the string need to be split.
 The second argument is a string view representing the delimiter for splitting.
 
-The first function #lazy_split returns a #LazySplit object that can be used in range-based for loops.
+The first function #lazy_split returns a LazySplit object that can be used in range-based for loops.
 This is lazy-computed and memory-efficient for large datasets.
 The second function #split returns a vector of string views, which is memory-efficient 
 but the views are only valid as long as the original string remains valid.

doc/src/windows/console.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+namespace yycc::windows::console {
+/**
+
+\page windows__console Windows Console Helper
+
+Namespace yycc::windows::console is designed to resolve some issue of Windows console
+which is not corresponding to POSIX system console.
+This namespace also is only available on Windows platform.
+
+Currently this namespace only has one function: colorful_console(),
+which enable colorful console output support for \c stdout and \c stderr in Windows.
+As we introduced, you may know Windows console does not support ASCII Escape Code color in default.
+This function can fix this issue.
+This function will forcely enable ASCII Escape Code support in Windows console if possible.
+Thus you can write colorful text in Windows console freely.
+We suggest you to call this function at the beginning of program.
+
+Considering most Linux console supports ASCII Escape Code very well,
+this function isn't presented in non-Windows platform.
+So it is essential that brack this function calling with Windows-only \c \#if.
+
+*/
+}

doc/src/windows/dialog.dox

@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ auto result4 = open_folder(params);
 
 There are 4 file dialogs you can choose:
 
-\li #open_file:  Open single file
-\li #open_files: Open multiple files
-\li #save_file: Save single file
-\li #open_folder: Open single directory
+\li open_file():  Open single file
+\li open_files(): Open multiple files
+\li save_file(): Save single file
+\li open_folder(): Open single directory
 
 \subsection windows__dialog__result__arguments Arguments
 

doc/src/windows/win_fct_helper.dox

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-namespace YYCC::WinFctHelper {
-/**
-
-\page win_fct_helper Windows Function Helper
-
-This helper give a more convenient way to call Windows functions.
-
-This namespace is Windows specific.
-It will be entirely invisible in other platforms.
-
-Currently this namespace has following functions:
-
-\li #GetCurrentModule: Get the handle to current module.
-\li #GetTempDirectory: Get temporary directory in Windows.
-\li #GetModuleFileName: Get the path to module in file system by given handle.
-\li #GetLocalAppData: Get the path inside \%LOCALAPPDATA\%
-\li #IsValidCodePage: Check whether given code page number is valid.
-\li #CopyFile: The UTF8 version of Win32 \c CopyFile.
-\li #MoveFile: The UTF8 version of Win32 \c MoveFile.
-\li #DeleteFile: The UTF8 version of Win32 \c DeleteFile.
-
-*/
-}

doc/src/windows/winfct.dox

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+namespace yycc::windows::winfct {
+/**
+
+\page windows__winfct Windows Function Helper
+
+Namespace yycc::windows::winfct gives a more convenient way to call Windows functions.
+If you want to know how to use these functions, please read the documentation of each function.
+The return value of most functions is a specific result type.
+If any error occurs, the result type will be an error, otherwise it will be the true result.
+
+This namespace is Windows specific.
+It will be entirely invisible in other platforms.
+
+*/
+}

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ FILES
     yycc/patch/format.hpp
     yycc/patch/libcxx/enumerate.hpp
     yycc/patch/libcxx/stacktrace.hpp
+    yycc/patch/libcxx/charconv.hpp
     yycc/num/parse.hpp
     yycc/num/stringify.hpp
     yycc/num/safe_cast.hpp
@@ -166,6 +167,15 @@ PUBLIC
     # Fix Windows header file shit
     $<$<BOOL:${WIN32}>:WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN>
     $<$<BOOL:${WIN32}>:NOMINMAX>
+PUBLIC
+    $<$<BOOL:${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_CHARS_FORMAT}>:YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_CHARS_FORMAT>
+    $<$<BOOL:${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_RESULT}>:YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_RESULT>
+    $<$<BOOL:${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_RESULT}>:YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_RESULT>
+    $<$<BOOL:${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_INT}>:YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_INT>
+    $<$<BOOL:${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_FLOAT}>:YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_FLOAT>
+    $<$<BOOL:${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_INT}>:YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_INT>
+    $<$<BOOL:${YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_FLOAT}>:YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_FLOAT>
+
 )
 target_compile_options(YYCCommonplace
 PUBLIC

src/yycc/carton/clap/manual.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "../../patch/libcxx/enumerate.hpp"
 #include "../../string/op.hpp"
 #include "../../env.hpp"
+#include <filesystem>
 #include <ranges>
 
 #define CLAP ::yycc::carton::clap
@@ -112,8 +113,9 @@ namespace yycc::carton::clap::manual {
         // only print usage if we can fetch the name of executable
         auto executable = ENV::current_exe();
         if (executable.has_value()) {
+            // Get the filename part and print
             TERMCOLOR::cprintln(trctx.usage_title, TERMCOLOR::Color::Yellow, TERMCOLOR::Color::Default, TERMCOLOR::Attribute::Default, dst);
-            dst << INDENT << FORMAT::format(trctx.usage_body, executable.value().u8string()) << std::endl;
+            dst << INDENT << FORMAT::format(trctx.usage_body, executable.value().filename().u8string()) << std::endl;
         }
 
         const auto &variables = app.get_variables();

src/yycc/carton/clap/option.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace yycc::carton::clap::option {
     Option::Option(std::optional<std::u8string_view> short_name,
                    std::optional<std::u8string_view> long_name,
                    std::optional<std::u8string_view> value_hint,
-                   const std::u8string& description) :
+                   const std::u8string_view& description) :
         short_name(short_name), long_name(long_name), value_hint(value_hint), description(description) {
         if (!short_name.has_value() && !long_name.has_value()) {
             throw std::logic_error("must have at least one name, short or long name");

src/yycc/carton/clap/option.hpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace yycc::carton::clap::option {
         Option(std::optional<std::u8string_view> short_name,
                std::optional<std::u8string_view> long_name,
                std::optional<std::u8string_view> value_hint,
-               const std::u8string& description);
+               const std::u8string_view& description);
         ~Option();
         YYCC_DEFAULT_COPY_MOVE(Option)
 

src/yycc/carton/csconsole.hpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
  * \li https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45575863/how-to-print-utf-8-strings-to-stdcout-on-windows
  * \li https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69830460/reading-utf-8-input
  * 
- * For how to utilize this functions provided by this namespace, please view \ref console_helper.
+ * For how to utilize this functions provided by this namespace, please view \ref csconsole.
  * 
  * @warning
  * All functions provided by this namespace are too aggressive.

src/yycc/carton/fft.hpp

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ namespace yycc::carton::fft {
 		 * @param[out] freq_scope The length of this data must be N / 2.
 		 * The first data is 0Hz and the frequency of last data is decided by sample rate which can be computed by get_max_freq() function in this class.
 		 * @param[in] window The window instance applied to data.
-		 * @warnings
+		 * @warning
 		 * This function is \b NOT thread-safe.
 		 * Please do NOT call this function in different thread for one instance.
 		*/

src/yycc/carton/ironpad.hpp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  * @details
  * This namespace is currently works on Windows.
  * On other platforms, this namespace provided functions do nothing.
- * For how to utilize this namespace, please see \ref exception_helper.
+ * For how to utilize this namespace, please see \ref ironpad.
  * 
  * This feature is originate from my created Virtools plugin.
  * Because its user frequently trigger some weird behaviors but I have no idea about the detail of them.

src/yycc/encoding/iconv.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #if defined(YYCC_FEAT_ICONV)
 
 #include "../macro/endian_detector.hpp"
+#include "../macro/os_detector.hpp"
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -202,11 +203,14 @@ namespace yycc::encoding::iconv {
     // If we use UTF16 or UTF32 code name directly, it will produce a BOM at data head.
     // That's not what we expected.
     // So we need manually check runtime endian and explicitly specify endian in code name.
+    // 
+    // Also, at the same time, iconv on macOS do not support "WCHAR_T" encoding,
+    // so we need manually set it as UTF32 encoding.
+    // See https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/811508 for more infos.
 
     using namespace std::literals::string_view_literals;
 
     constexpr auto UTF8_CODENAME_LITERAL = "UTF-8"sv;
-    constexpr auto WCHAR_CODENAME_LITERAL = "WCHAR_T"sv;
     constexpr auto UTF16_CODENAME_LITERAL =
 #if defined(YYCC_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
         "UTF-16LE"sv;
@@ -219,6 +223,13 @@ namespace yycc::encoding::iconv {
 #else
         "UTF-32BE"sv;
 #endif
+    constexpr auto WCHAR_CODENAME_LITERAL =
+#if defined(YYCC_OS_MACOS)
+        UTF32_CODENAME_LITERAL;
+        static_assert(sizeof(wchar_t) == sizeof(char32_t), "unexpected wchar_t size");
+#else
+        "WCHAR_T"sv;
+#endif
 
     // TODO:
     // There is a memory copy in this function. Consider optimizing it in future.

src/yycc/env.cpp

@@ -1,39 +1,42 @@
 #include "env.hpp"
 #include "macro/os_detector.hpp"
-#include "string/reinterpret.hpp"
 #include "num/safe_op.hpp"
 #include "num/safe_cast.hpp"
-#include <string>
-#include <string_view>
-#include <memory>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <stdexcept>
 
 #if defined(YYCC_OS_WINDOWS)
+// Windows headers
 #include "encoding/windows.hpp"
 #include "windows/winfct.hpp"
+#include <memory>           // For safely free gotten environment variable and commandline argument.
+#include <type_traits>      // Used by std::unique_ptr to get underlying pointer type.
 #include "windows/import_guard_head.hpp"
 #include <Windows.h>
 #include <winbase.h>
-#include <processenv.h> // For getting environment variables and commandline argument.
-#include <shellapi.h>   // For getting commandline argument.
+#include <processenv.h>     // For getting environment variables and commandline argument.
+#include <shellapi.h>       // For getting commandline argument.
 #include "windows/import_guard_tail.hpp"
-#elif defined(YYCC_OS_LINUX)
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cerrno>
-#include <fstream> // For reading commandline argument.
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h> // For reading symlink target.
+#else
+// POSIX headers
+#include "string/reinterpret.hpp"
+#include <cstdlib>          // For POSIX environment variable operations.
+#include <cerrno>           // For POSIX errno.
+#include <stdexcept>        // For re-throw unexpected POSIX errno as STL exception.
+#if defined(YYCC_OS_LINUX)
+// Linux-only headers
+#include <fstream>          // For reading commandline argument.
 #elif defined(YYCC_OS_MACOS)
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cerrno>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <mach-o/dyld.h> // For getting current exe path.
-#include <crt_externs.h> // For getting commandline argument.
+// macOS-only headers
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>    // For getting current exe path.
+#include <crt_externs.h>    // For getting commandline argument.
 #else
 #error "Not supported OS"
 #endif
+#endif
+
+// Extern POSIX environment variables list.
+#if !defined(YYCC_OS_WINDOWS)
+extern char** environ;
+#endif
 
 #define SAFECAST ::yycc::num::safe_cast
 #define SAFEOP ::yycc::num::safe_op
@@ -159,6 +162,7 @@ namespace yycc::env {
     }
 
 #if defined(YYCC_OS_WINDOWS)
+
     class EnvironmentStringsDeleter {
     public:
         EnvironmentStringsDeleter() {}
@@ -169,6 +173,7 @@ namespace yycc::env {
         }
     };
     using SmartEnvironmentStrings = std::unique_ptr<std::remove_pointer_t<LPWCH>, EnvironmentStringsDeleter>;
+
 #endif
 
     VarResult<std::vector<VarPair>> get_vars() {
@@ -241,84 +246,6 @@ namespace yycc::env {
         return std::filesystem::current_path();
     }
 
-#if defined(YYCC_OS_LINUX)
-
-    /// @brief All possible error occurs when reading Linux symlink target.
-    enum class ReadSymlinkTargetError {
-        SysCall,   ///< Fail to call system call.
-        Truncated, ///< Expected path to target was truncated.
-        Others,    ///< Any other errors
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @brief An utility function for convenient reading symlink target on Linux.
-     * @param[in] link The path to symlink where the target is read.
-     * @return The read path to to target, or error occurs.
-     */
-    static std::expected<std::u8string, ReadSymlinkTargetError> read_symlink_target(const std::string_view &link) {
-        // Reference: https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/readlink.2.html
-
-        // String view is not NUL terminated.
-        // Create an string container for it.
-        std::string path(link);
-
-        // Get the expected size.
-        // Query this symlink info first.
-        struct stat sb;
-        if (lstat(path.c_str(), &sb) != 0) {
-            return std::unexpected(ReadSymlinkTargetError::SysCall);
-        }
-        // Fetch the size of target path in gotten struct.
-        // And cast it into expected type.
-        auto expected_size = SAFECAST::try_to<size_t>(sb.st_size);
-        if (!expected_size.has_value()) {
-            return std::unexpected(ReadSymlinkTargetError::Others);
-        }
-        auto buf_size = expected_size.value();
-        // Some magic symlinks under (for example) /proc and /sys report 'st_size' as zero.
-        // In that case, take PATH_MAX as a "good enough" estimate.
-        if (buf_size == 0) {
-            buf_size = PATH_MAX;
-        }
-
-        // Prepare return value and allocate it with previous gotten size.
-        std::u8string rv(u8'\0', buf_size);
-
-        // Copy data into result value.
-        // Add one to the link size, so that we can determine whether
-        // the buffer returned by readlink() was truncated.
-        // Also, due to the add operation, we need do overflow checks.
-        auto passed_size = SAFEOP::checked_add<size_t>(buf_size, 1);
-        if (!passed_size.has_value()) {
-            return std::unexpected(ReadSymlinkTargetError::Others);
-        }
-        // Read data into result value.
-        ssize_t nbytes = readlink(path.c_str(), REINTERPRET::as_ordinary(rv.data()), passed_size.value());
-        if (nbytes < 0) {
-            return std::unexpected(ReadSymlinkTargetError::SysCall);
-        }
-
-        // Check written size
-        // Cast it type into expected type.
-        auto written_size = SAFECAST::try_to<size_t>(nbytes);
-        if (!written_size.has_value()) {
-            return std::unexpected(ReadSymlinkTargetError::Others);
-        }
-        // If the return value was equal to the buffer size, then
-        // the link target was larger than expected (perhaps because the
-        // target was changed between the call to lstat() and the call to
-        // readlink()). Return error instead.
-        if (written_size.value() != buf_size) {
-            // TODO: There must be a better solution to this truncated issue than simply return error.
-            return std::unexpected(ReadSymlinkTargetError::Truncated);
-        }
-
-        // Everything is okey
-        return rv;
-    }
-
-#endif
-
     PathResult<std::filesystem::path> current_exe() {
         std::u8string rv;
 
@@ -328,9 +255,10 @@ namespace yycc::env {
         else return std::unexpected(PathError::SysCall);
 #elif defined(YYCC_OS_LINUX)
         // Reference: https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/proc_pid_exe.5.html
-        auto target = read_symlink_target("/proc/self/exe");
-        if (target.has_value()) return rv = std::move(target.value());
-        else return std::unexpected(PathError::SysCall);
+        std::error_code ec;
+        auto target = std::filesystem::read_symlink(std::filesystem::path("/proc/self/exe"), ec);
+        if (ec) return std::unexpected(PathError::SysCall);
+        else rv = REINTERPRET::as_utf8(target.string());
 #elif defined(YYCC_OS_MACOS)
         // TODO: This is AI generated and don't have test and reference.
         std::string buffer(PATH_MAX, '\0');
@@ -437,10 +365,10 @@ namespace yycc::env {
             while (true) {
                 // We use NUL as delimiter
                 std::getline(cmdline, arg, '\0');
+                // Check whether we reach EOF
+                if (cmdline.eof()) break;
                 // Check whether reading is okey.
-                if (!cmdline.good()) return std::unexpected(ArgError::Others);
-                // If return string is empty, it means that we reach the tail.
-                if (arg.empty()) break;
+                if (cmdline.fail()) return std::unexpected(ArgError::Others);
 
                 // Push this argument into result.
                 rv.emplace_back(REINTERPRET::as_utf8(arg));

src/yycc/num/parse.hpp

@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@
 #include "../string/reinterpret.hpp"
 #include <string_view>
 #include <type_traits>
-#include <charconv>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <expected>
+#include <charconv>
+
+#if defined(YYCC_STL_CLANGSTL)
+#include "../patch/libcxx/charconv.hpp"
+#endif
 
 #define NS_YYCC_STRING_REINTERPRET ::yycc::string::reinterpret
 #define NS_YYCC_STRING_OP ::yycc::string::op

src/yycc/num/stringify.hpp

@@ -3,8 +3,12 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <array>
 #include <type_traits>
-#include <charconv>
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <charconv>
+
+#if defined(YYCC_STL_CLANGSTL)
+#include "../patch/libcxx/charconv.hpp"
+#endif
 
 #define NS_YYCC_STRING_REINTERPRET ::yycc::string::reinterpret
 

src/yycc/patch/libcxx/charconv.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "../../macro/stl_detector.hpp"
+
+//#if defined(YYCC_STL_CLANGSTL)
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @file This is the polyfill for LLVM libcxx charconv header
+ * which including \c std::from_chars and \c std::to_chars utilities.
+ * These 2 functions are only \b fully implemented in the latest Clang (20+) 
+ * and partially implemented in the latest Apple Clang (Xcode 16).
+ * This should be removed once both Clang official and Apple Clang libcxx \b fully provide them.
+ * This polyfill is generated by AI.
+ */
+
+#include <charconv>
+#include <system_error>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <concepts>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <optional>
+
+namespace std {
+
+#if !defined(YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_CHARS_FORMAT)
+
+    enum class chars_format : unsigned int {
+        scientific = 1,
+        fixed = 2,
+        hex = 4,
+        general = fixed | scientific // This should be 6 (fixed|scientific)
+    };
+
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_RESULT)
+
+    struct from_chars_result {
+        const char* ptr;
+        std::errc ec;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const from_chars_result&, const from_chars_result&) = default;
+        constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return ec == std::errc{}; }
+    };
+
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_RESULT)
+
+    struct to_chars_result {
+        char* ptr;
+        std::errc ec;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const to_chars_result&, const to_chars_result&) = default;
+        constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return ec == std::errc{}; }
+    };
+
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_INT)
+
+    /// @private
+    enum class __integral_type {
+        u8,
+        u16,
+        u32,
+        u64,
+        i8,
+        i16,
+        i32,
+        i64,
+    };
+
+    /// @private
+    enum class __integral_base_type {
+        base8,
+        base10,
+        base16,
+    };
+
+    /// @private
+    template<typename T>
+    constexpr __integral_type __classify_int_type() {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, std::uint8_t>) {
+            return __integral_type::u8;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, std::uint16_t>) {
+            return __integral_type::u16;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, std::uint32_t>) {
+            return __integral_type::u32;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, std::uint64_t>) {
+            return __integral_type::u64;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, std::int8_t>) {
+            return __integral_type::i8;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, std::int16_t>) {
+            return __integral_type::i16;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, std::int32_t>) {
+            return __integral_type::i32;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, std::int64_t>) {
+            return __integral_type::i64;
+        } else {
+            static_cast(false, "Unsupported integral type");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @private
+    std::optional<__integral_base_type> __classify_int_base(int base) {
+        if (base == 8) {
+            return __integral_base_type::base8;
+        } else if (base == 10) {
+            return __integral_base_type::base10;
+        } else if (base == 16) {
+            return __integral_base_type::base16;
+        } else {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @private
+    /// @brief Helper to get printf format specifier based on type and base
+    template<__integral_type EIntTy>
+    const char* __get_int_format(__integral_base_type base) {
+        if (base == __integral_base_type::base8) {
+            if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u8) {
+                return "%" PRIo8;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u16) {
+                return "%" PRIo16;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u32) {
+                return "%" PRIo32;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u64) {
+                return "%" PRIo64;
+            } else {
+                static_assert(false, "Unsupported integral type and base");
+            }
+        } else if (base == __integral_base_type::base10) {
+            if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u8) {
+                return "%" PRIu8;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u16) {
+                return "%" PRIu16;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u32) {
+                return "%" PRIu32;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u64) {
+                return "%" PRIu64;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::i8) {
+                return "%" PRId8;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::i16) {
+                return "%" PRId16;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::i32) {
+                return "%" PRId32;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::i64) {
+                return "%" PRId64;
+            }
+        } else if (base == __integral_base_type::base16) {
+            if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u8) {
+                return "%" PRIx8;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u16) {
+                return "%" PRIx16;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u32) {
+                return "%" PRIx32;
+            } else if constexpr (EIntTy == __integral_type::u64) {
+                return "%" PRIx64;
+            } else {
+                static_assert(false, "Unsupported integral type and base");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Integer to_chars
+    template<typename T>
+        requires std::integral<T> && (!std::same_as<T, bool>)
+    to_chars_result to_chars(char* first, char* last, T value, int base = 10) {
+        if (first >= last) {
+            return {first, std::errc::value_too_large};
+        }
+
+        constexpr auto integral_type = __classify_int_type<T>();
+        const auto opt_integral_base_type = __classify_int_base(base);
+        if (!opt_integral_base_type.has_value()) {
+            return {first, std::errc::invalid_argument};
+        }
+        const auto integral_base_type = std::move(opt_integral_base_type.value());
+
+        // Use snprintf with appropriate format
+        const auto max_buffer_size = static_cast<size_t>(last - first);
+        const char* format_string = __get_int_format<integral_type>(integral_base_type);
+        int written = std::snprintf(first, max_buffer_size, format_string, value);
+        if (written < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(written) >= max_buffer_size) {
+            return {last, std::errc::value_too_large};
+        }
+        return {first + written, std::errc{}};
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_TO_CHARS_FLOAT)
+
+    /// @private
+    enum class __float_type {
+        f32,
+        f64,
+    };
+
+    /// @private
+    template<typename T>
+    constexpr __float_type __classify_float_type() {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+            return __float_type::f32;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, double>) {
+            return __float_type::f64;
+        } else {
+            static_assert(false, "Unsupported floating point type");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @private
+    enum class __float_fmt_type { general, scientific, fixed, hex };
+
+    /// @private
+    std::optional<__float_fmt_type> __classify_float_fmt(chars_format fmt) {
+        if (fmt == chars_format::general) {
+            return __float_fmt_type::general;
+        } else if (fmt == chars_format::scientific) {
+            return __float_fmt_type::scientific;
+        } else if (fmt == chars_format::fixed) {
+            return __float_fmt_type::fixed;
+        } else if (fmt == chars_format::hex) {
+            return __float_fmt_type::hex;
+        } else {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @private
+    template<__float_type TFpTy>
+    std::optional<const char*> __get_float_format(chars_format fmt) {
+        // Precision is passed by extra argument via ".*" format.
+        if (fmt == chars_format::general) {
+            if constexpr (TFpTy == __float_type::f32) {
+                return "%.*g";
+            } else if constexpr (TFpTy == __float_type::f64) {
+                return "%.*lg";
+            }
+        } else if (fmt == chars_format::scientific) {
+            if constexpr (TFpTy == __float_type::f32) {
+                return "%.*e";
+            } else if constexpr (TFpTy == __float_type::f64) {
+                return "%.*le";
+            }
+        } else if (fmt == chars_format::fixed) {
+            if constexpr (TFpTy == __float_type::f32) {
+                return "%.*f";
+            } else if constexpr (TFpTy == __float_type::f64) {
+                return "%.*lf";
+            }
+        } else if (fmt == chars_format::hex) {
+            if constexpr (TFpTy == __float_type::f32) {
+                return "%.*a";
+            } else if constexpr (TFpTy == __float_type::f64) {
+                return "%.*la";
+            }
+        } else {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Float to_chars
+    template<typename T>
+        requires std::floating_point<T>
+    to_chars_result to_chars(char* first, char* last, T value, chars_format fmt, int precision = 6) {
+        if (first >= last) {
+            return {first, std::errc::value_too_large};
+        }
+
+        constexpr auto float_type = __classify_float_type<T>();
+        const auto opt_float_fmt_type = __classify_float_fmt(fmt);
+        if (!opt_float_fmt_type.has_value()) {
+            return {first, std::errc::invalid_argument};
+        }
+        const auto float_fmt_type = std::move(opt_float_fmt_type.value());
+
+        const auto max_buffer_size = static_cast<size_t>(last - first);
+        const char* format_string = __get_float_format<float_type>(float_fmt_type);
+        int written = std::snprintf(first, max_buffer_size, format_string, precision, value);
+        if (written < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(written) >= max_buffer_size) {
+            return {last, std::errc::value_too_large};
+        }
+        return {first + written, std::errc{}};
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_INT)
+
+    /// @private
+    enum class __strtoi_cluster { tol, toll, toul, toull };
+
+    /// @private
+    template<typename T>
+    constexpr __strtoi_cluster __classify_strtoi_cluster() {
+        if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<T>) {
+            if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(long)) {
+                return __strtoi_cluster::tol;
+            } else if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(long long)) {
+                return __strtoi_cluster::toll;
+            } else {
+                static_assert(false, "Unsupported signed integral type");
+            }
+        } else {
+            if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(unsigned long)) {
+                return __strtoi_cluster::toul;
+            } else if constexpr (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(unsigned long long)) {
+                return __strtoi_cluster::toull;
+            } else {
+                static_assert(false, "Unsupported unsigned integral type");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @private
+    template<__strtoi_cluster TFc>
+    auto __execute_strtoi(const char* str, char** str_end, int base) {
+        if constexpr (TFc == __strtoi_cluster::tol) {
+            return std::strtol(str, str_end, base);
+        } else if constexpr (TFc == __strtoi_cluster::toll) {
+            return std::strtoll(str, str_end, base);
+        } else if constexpr (TFc == __strtoi_cluster::toul) {
+            return std::strtoul(str, str_end, base);
+        } else if constexpr (TFc == __strtoi_cluster::toull) {
+            return std::strtoull(str, str_end, base);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Integer from_chars
+    template<typename T>
+        requires std::integral<T> && (!std::same_as<T, bool>)
+    from_chars_result from_chars(const char* first, const char* last, T& value, int base = 10) {
+        if (first >= last) {
+            return {first, std::errc::invalid_argument};
+        }
+
+        // strtoi function cluster strongly order that given string must be NULL-terminated.
+        // So we must do a heavy copy in there because first-last pair is not NULL-terminated guaranteed.
+        std::string buffer(first, static_cast<size_t>(last - first));
+
+        constexpr auto strtoi_cluster = __classify_strtoi_cluster<T>();
+
+        errno = 0;
+        char* end_ptr = const_cast<char*>(first);
+        auto result = __execute_strtoi<strtoi_cluster>(buffer.data(), &end_ptr, base);
+        if (errno == ERANGE) {
+            return {end_ptr, std::errc::result_out_of_range};
+        }
+
+        using strtoi_cluster_rvtype = decltype(result);
+        // Check if result fits in T
+        if (result < static_cast<strtoi_cluster_rvtype>(std::numeric_limits<T>::min())
+            || result > static_cast<strtoi_cluster_rvtype>(std::numeric_limits<T>::max())) {
+            return {end_ptr, std::errc::result_out_of_range};
+        }
+
+        if (end_ptr == buffer.data()) {
+            return {first, std::errc::invalid_argument};
+        }
+
+        // Ensure we don't go past 'last'
+        if ((end_ptr - buffer.data()) > (last - first)) {
+            return {const_cast<char*>(last), std::errc::invalid_argument};
+        }
+
+        value = static_cast<T>(result);
+        return {first + (end_ptr - buffer.data()), std::errc{}};
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(YYCC_CHARCONV_HAS_FROM_CHARS_FLOAT)
+
+    /// @private
+    enum class __strtof_cluster { tof, tod };
+
+    /// @private
+    template<typename T>
+    constexpr __strtof_cluster __classify_strtof_cluster() {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) {
+            return __strtof_cluster::tof;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, double>) {
+            return __strtof_cluster::tod;
+        } else {
+            static_assert(false, "Unsupported floating point type");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// @private
+    template<__strtof_cluster TFc>
+    auto __execute_strtof(const char* str, char** str_end) {
+        if constexpr (TFc == __strtof_cluster::tof) {
+            return std::strtof(str, str_end);
+        } else if constexpr (TFc == __strtof_cluster::tod) {
+            return std::strtod(str, str_end);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Float from_chars
+    template<typename T>
+        requires std::floating_point<T>
+    from_chars_result from_chars(const char* first, const char* last, T& value, chars_format fmt = chars_format::general) {
+        // We ignore "fmt" by design.
+        if (first >= last) {
+            return {first, std::errc::invalid_argument};
+        }
+
+        // strtof function cluster strongly order that given string must be NULL-terminated.
+        // So we must do a heavy copy in there because first-last pair is not NULL-terminated guaranteed.
+        std::string buffer(first, static_cast<size_t>(last - first));
+
+        constexpr auto strtof_cluster = __classify_strtof_cluster<T>();
+
+        errno = 0;
+        char* end_ptr = const_cast<char*>(first);
+        auto result = __execute_strtof<strtof_cluster>(buffer.data(), &end_ptr);
+        if (errno == ERANGE) {
+            return {end_ptr, std::errc::result_out_of_range};
+        }
+
+        if (end_ptr == buffer.data()) {
+            return {first, std::errc::invalid_argument};
+        }
+
+        // Ensure we don't go past 'last'
+        if ((end_ptr - buffer.data()) > (last - first)) {
+            return {const_cast<char*>(last), std::errc::invalid_argument};
+        }
+
+        value = result;
+        return {first + (end_ptr - buffer.data()), std::errc{}};
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+} // namespace std
+
+//#endif

src/yycc/string/op.cpp

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ namespace yycc::string::op {
         }
     }
 
-    std::u8string replace(const std::u8string_view& _strl, const std::u8string_view& _from_strl, const std::u8string_view& _to_strl) {
+    std::u8string to_replace(const std::u8string_view& _strl, const std::u8string_view& _from_strl, const std::u8string_view& _to_strl) {
         // prepare result
         std::u8string strl(_strl);
         replace(strl, _from_strl, _to_strl);

src/yycc/string/op.hpp

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace yycc::string::op {
 	 * @param[in] _to_strl The \e new string.
 	 * @return The result of replacement.
 	*/
-    std::u8string replace(const std::u8string_view& _strl, const std::u8string_view& _from_strl, const std::u8string_view& _to_strl);
+    std::u8string to_replace(const std::u8string_view& _strl, const std::u8string_view& _from_strl, const std::u8string_view& _to_strl);
 
 #pragma endregion
 

src/yycc/windows/dialog.hpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  * @brief The namespace providing Windows universal dialog features.
  * @details
  * This namespace only available on Windows platform.
- * See also \ref dialog_helper.
+ * See also \ref windows__dialog.
 */
 namespace yycc::windows::dialog {
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ namespace yycc::windows::dialog {
      * @brief The class representing the file dialog.
      * @details 
      * This class is served for programming using to describe every aspectes of the dialog.
-     * For how to use this struct, see \ref dialog_helper.
+     * For how to use this struct, see \ref windows__dialog.
     */
     class FileDialog {
     public:

src/yycc/windows/winfct.hpp

@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ namespace yycc::windows::winfct {
 	 * @param[in] hModule 
 	 * The HANDLE to the module where you want to get file name.
 	 * It is same as the HANDLE parameter of Win32 \c GetModuleFileName.
-	 * @param[out] ret The variable receiving UTF8 encoded file name of given module.
 	 * @return Fetched UTF8 encoded file name of given module, or error occurs.
 	*/
     WinFctResult<std::u8string> get_module_file_name(HINSTANCE hModule);
@@ -101,10 +100,9 @@ namespace yycc::windows::winfct {
     };
 
     /**
-     * @brief Get the path to \%LOCALAPPDATA\%.
-     * @details \%LOCALAPPDATA\% usually was used as putting local app data files
-     * @param[out] ret The variable receiving UTF8 encoded path to LOCALAPPDATA.
-     * @return True if success, otherwise false.
+     * @brief Get the path to known directory in Windows.
+	 * @param[in] path_type The type of known directory.
+     * @return The result type containing either fetched path, or error occurs.
     */
     WinFctResult<std::u8string> get_known_path(KnownDirectory path_type);
 

test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@ PRIVATE
     GTest::gtest_main
 )
 
+# Install binary
+install(TARGETS YYCCTest
+    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${YYCC_INSTALL_BIN_PATH}
+)
+
 # Discover all test
 include(GoogleTest)
 gtest_discover_tests(YYCCTest)

test/shared/literals.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ namespace yyccshared::literals {
     // UNICODE Test Strings
     // Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/478201/how-to-test-an-application-for-correct-encoding-e-g-utf-8
 
+#define UNICODE_STR_BLANK ""
 #define UNICODE_STR_JAPAN "\u30E6\u30FC\u30B6\u30FC\u5225\u30B5\u30A4\u30C8"
 #define UNICODE_STR_CHINA "\u7B80\u4F53\u4E2D\u6587"
 #define UNICODE_STR_KOREA "\uD06C\uB85C\uC2A4 \uD50C\uB7AB\uD3FC\uC73C\uB85C"
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ namespace yyccshared::literals {
 #define UNICODE_STR_EMOJI "\U0001F363 \u2716 \U0001F37A" // sushi x beer mug
 
     static std::vector<std::u8string> UTFLIT_U8STR_VEC{
+        U8_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_BLANK),
         U8_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_JAPAN),
         U8_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_CHINA),
         U8_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_KOREA),
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ namespace yyccshared::literals {
         U8_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_EMOJI),
     };
     static std::vector<std::wstring> UTFLIT_WSTR_VEC{
+        WSTR_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_BLANK),
         WSTR_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_JAPAN),
         WSTR_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_CHINA),
         WSTR_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_KOREA),
@@ -58,6 +61,7 @@ namespace yyccshared::literals {
         WSTR_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_EMOJI),
     };
     static std::vector<std::u16string> UTFLIT_U16STR_VEC{
+        U16_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_BLANK),
         U16_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_JAPAN),
         U16_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_CHINA),
         U16_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_KOREA),
@@ -72,6 +76,7 @@ namespace yyccshared::literals {
         U16_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_EMOJI),
     };
     static std::vector<std::u32string> UTFLIT_U32STR_VEC{
+        U32_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_BLANK),
         U32_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_JAPAN),
         U32_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_CHINA),
         U32_LITERAL(UNICODE_STR_KOREA),
@@ -157,12 +162,22 @@ namespace yyccshared::literals {
 
 #pragma region OtherLiterals Data
 
-    static std::vector<OtherLiteral> OTHERLIT_OTHERSTR_VEC{{"\xC4\xE3\xBA\xC3\xD6\xD0\xB9\xFA", UINT32_C(936), "GBK", u8"gbk"}};
+    static std::vector<OtherLiteral> OTHERLIT_OTHERSTR_VEC{
+        {"", UINT32_C(437), "ASCII", u8"ascii"},
+        {"\xC4\xE3\xBA\xC3\xD6\xD0\xB9\xFA", UINT32_C(936), "GBK", u8"gbk"},
+    };
 
+#define OTHER_STR_BLANK ""
 #define OTHER_STR_GBK "\u4f60\u597d\u4e2d\u56fd"
 
-    static std::vector<std::u8string> OTHERLIT_U8STR_VEC{U8_LITERAL(OTHER_STR_GBK)};
-    static std::vector<std::wstring> OTHERLIT_WSTR_VEC{WSTR_LITERAL(OTHER_STR_GBK)};
+    static std::vector<std::u8string> OTHERLIT_U8STR_VEC{
+        U8_LITERAL(OTHER_STR_BLANK),
+        U8_LITERAL(OTHER_STR_GBK),
+    };
+    static std::vector<std::wstring> OTHERLIT_WSTR_VEC{
+        WSTR_LITERAL(OTHER_STR_BLANK),
+        WSTR_LITERAL(OTHER_STR_GBK),
+    };
 
 #pragma endregion
 

test/yycc/carton/clap.cpp

@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ namespace yycctest::carton::clap {
 
             // Add options
             auto options = CLAP::option::OptionCollection();
-            int_option = options.add_option(CLAP::option::Option(u8"i", u8"int", u8"<integer>", u8"integral argument"));
-            float_option = options.add_option(CLAP::option::Option(u8"f", std::nullopt, u8"<float>", u8""));
-            string_option = options.add_option(CLAP::option::Option(std::nullopt, u8"string", u8"<string>", u8""));
-            clamped_float_option = options.add_option(CLAP::option::Option(std::nullopt, u8"clamped-float", u8"<float>", u8""));
+            int_option = options.add_option(CLAP::option::Option(u8"i", u8"int", u8"integer", u8"integral argument"));
+            float_option = options.add_option(CLAP::option::Option(u8"f", std::nullopt, u8"float", u8""));
+            string_option = options.add_option(CLAP::option::Option(std::nullopt, u8"string", u8"string", u8""));
+            clamped_float_option = options.add_option(CLAP::option::Option(std::nullopt, u8"clamped-float", u8"float", u8""));
             novalue_option = options.add_option(CLAP::option::Option(u8"b", std::nullopt, std::nullopt, u8""));
 
             // Add variables

test/yycc/string/op.cpp

@@ -25,32 +25,32 @@ namespace yycctest::string::op {
     TEST(StringOp, Replace) {
         // Normal case
         {
-            auto rv = OP::replace(u8"aabbcc", u8"bb", u8"dd");
+            auto rv = OP::to_replace(u8"aabbcc", u8"bb", u8"dd");
             EXPECT_EQ(rv, u8"aaddcc");
         }
         // No matched expected string
         {
-            auto rv = OP::replace(u8"aabbcc", u8"zz", u8"yy");
+            auto rv = OP::to_replace(u8"aabbcc", u8"zz", u8"yy");
             EXPECT_EQ(rv, u8"aabbcc");
         }
         // Empty expected string
         {
-            auto rv = OP::replace(u8"aabbcc", std::u8string_view(), u8"zz");
+            auto rv = OP::to_replace(u8"aabbcc", std::u8string_view(), u8"zz");
             EXPECT_EQ(rv, u8"aabbcc");
         }
         // Empty replace string
         {
-            auto rv = OP::replace(u8"aaaabbaa", u8"aa", u8"");
+            auto rv = OP::to_replace(u8"aaaabbaa", u8"aa", u8"");
             EXPECT_EQ(rv, u8"bb");
         }
         // Nested replacing
         {
-            auto rv = OP::replace(u8"aaxcc", u8"x", u8"yx");
+            auto rv = OP::to_replace(u8"aaxcc", u8"x", u8"yx");
             EXPECT_EQ(rv, u8"aayxcc");
         }
         // Empty source string
         {
-            auto rv = OP::replace(std::u8string_view(), u8"", u8"xy");
+            auto rv = OP::to_replace(std::u8string_view(), u8"", u8"xy");
             EXPECT_EQ(rv, u8"");
         }
     }

test/yycc/windows/console.cpp

@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ namespace yycctest::windows::console {
 #if defined(YYCC_OS_WINDOWS) && defined(YYCC_STL_MSSTL)
 
     TEST(WindowsConsole, ColorfulConsole) {
-        // Set colorful console should always be success.
         auto rv = CONSOLE::colorful_console();
-        EXPECT_TRUE(rv.has_value());
+        // Set colorful console should always be success.
+        // Unless it is not a TTY.
+        EXPECT_TRUE(rv.has_value() || rv.error() == CONSOLE::ExecError::NotTty);
     }
 
 #endif